Review
Oncology
Sarah Killcoyne, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
Summary: Cancer cells evolve through DNA mutation, cell selection, and population expansion, driven by mutated driver genes and structural alterations to the genome. Early genomic instability in Barrett's esophagus (BE) may lead to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Understanding these patterns and genomic changes can improve early detection of EAC and provide insights into cancer evolution.
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
(2021)
Review
Surgery
L. Tullie, A. Kelay, G. S. Bethell, C. Major, N. J. Hall
Summary: Patients born with oesophageal atresia have a relatively high prevalence of Barrett's oesophagus, especially in those who undergo endoscopic screening or surveillance. Despite a limited number of cancers, there is a need to consider the necessity of screening and surveillance.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Leonardo Henry Eusebi, Giovanna Grazia Cirota, Rocco Maurizio Zagari, Alexander Charles Ford
Summary: Chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux can lead to the development of Barrett's oesophagus or oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Global prevalence of Barrett's oesophagus varies geographically and is significantly higher in men. Low-grade dysplasia is common in histologically confirmed cases of Barrett's oesophagus.
Review
Oncology
Leonardo Henry Eusebi, Andrea Telese, Chiara Castellana, Rengin Melis Engin, Benjamin Norton, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Rocco Maurizio Zagari, Rehan Haidry
Summary: Barrett's oesophagus is a pathological condition characterized by the replacement of normal oesophageal squamous mucosa with specialised, intestinal-type metaplasia, which is strongly associated with chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for managing Barrett's oesophagus to identify patients at high risk of developing neoplasia and guide appropriate endoscopic therapy.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kit Curtius, Joel H. Rubenstein, Amitabh Chak, John M. Inadomi
Summary: The study aimed to determine whether Barrett's esophagus is the origin of all incident esophageal adenocarcinomas, and found that almost all cases of OAC could be attributed to Barrett's esophagus based on a computational model and population data.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aaron P. Thrift
Summary: Oesophageal cancer is a global health problem with two main histological subtypes, oesophageal adenocarcinoma and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. This Review establishes the current epidemiology of oesophageal cancer, with a particular focus on the increasing incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor, Barrett oesophagus.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Leonardo H. Eusebi, Andrea Telese, Giovanna G. Cirota, Rehan Haidry, Rocco M. Zagari, Franco Bazzoli, Alexander C. Ford
Summary: Gastro-oesophageal reflux is the main risk factor for Barrett's oesophagus, with alcohol consumption and hiatal hernia showing the strongest association with its development. Other potential risk factors such as smoking and obesity did not show significant correlation.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jens Luebeck, Alvin Wei Tian Ng, Patricia C. Galipeau, Xiaohong Li, Carissa A. Sanchez, Annalise C. Katz-Summercorn, Hoon Kim, Sriganesh Jammula, Yudou He, Scott M. Lippman, Roel G. W. Verhaak, Carlo C. Maley, Ludmil B. Alexandrov, Brian J. Reid, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Thomas G. Paulson, Howard Y. Chang, Sihan Wu, Vineet Bafna, Paul S. Mischel
Summary: Oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) drives tumour evolution and treatment resistance, and is associated with poor outcomes for cancer patients. It is unclear whether ecDNA is a later manifestation of genomic instability or an early event in the transition from dysplasia to cancer. This study analyzed WGS data from patients with oesophageal ademocarcinoma (EAC) or Barrett's oesophagus to better understand the development of ecDNA.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yonne Peters, Evi van Grinsven, Peter D. Siersema
Summary: A positive family history of Barrett's oesophagus or oesophageal adenocarcinoma is a strong risk factor for both conditions, and can be a useful indicator for identifying high-risk individuals who may benefit from early detection strategies.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jihun Kang, Su-Min Jeong, Dong Wook Shin, Mihee Cho, Jong Ho Cho, Jehun Kim
Summary: This study found that metformin had a protective association with lung cancer incidence and mortality, while aspirin and statins were associated with reduced lung cancer mortality. The combined use of these medications showed more prominent protective associations with lung cancer risk and mortality.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nour Hamade, Amrit K. Kamboj, Rajesh Krishnamoorthi, Siddharth Singh, Leslie C. Hassett, David A. Katzka, Charles J. Kahi, Hala Fatima, Prasad G. Iyer
Summary: Through analysis of multiple studies, a statistically significant inverse correlation was found between neoplasia detection rate and post-endoscopy Barrett's neoplasia, indicating that with an increase in neoplasia detection rate, post-endoscopy Barrett's neoplasia decreases. Further studies are needed to validate this correlation.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Alfredo Genco, Lidia Castagneto-Gissey, Loredana Gualtieri, Marcello Lucchese, Luca Leuratti, Emanuele Soricelli, Giovanni Casella
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of GORD and associated oesophageal complications following different bariatric procedures. The findings showed that SG had the highest prevalence of erosive oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus, as well as a higher rate of biliary-like gastric stagnation and biliary-type reflux into the oesophagus compared to other procedures.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jouke J. H. van der Laan, Joost A. van der Putten, Xiaojuan Zhao, Arend Karrenbeld, Frans T. M. Peters, Jessie Westerhof, Peter H. N. de With, Fons van der Sommen, Wouter B. Nagengast
Summary: This study investigated whether artificial intelligence (AI) as a second assessor can assist doctors in assessing complex, microscopic endoscopy images for the presence of oesophageal cancer. The findings showed that the best diagnostic scores for cancer recognition emerged through the collaboration between doctors and AI as the second assessor.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jue-Sheng Ong, Jiyuan An, Xikun Han, Matthew H. Law, Priyanka Nandakumar, Johannes Schumacher, Ines Gockel, Anne Bohmer, Janusz Jankowski, Claire Palles, Catherine M. Olsen, Rachel E. Neale, Rebecca Fitzgerald, Aaron P. Thrift, Thomas L. Vaughan, Matthew F. Buas, David A. Hinds, Puya Gharahkhani, Bradley J. Kendall, Stuart MacGregor
Summary: Researchers identified numerous novel risk loci for GERD and BE using a multitrait GWAS model, providing strong evidence for a genetic basis of disease heterogeneity in GERD. They showed that GERD loci associated with obesity are better predictors of BE/EA compared to those associated with depressive symptoms.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Emily L. Black, Emma Ococks, Ginny Devonshire, Alvin Wei Tian Ng, Maria O'Donovan, Shalini Malhotra, Monika Tripathi, Ahmad Miremadi, Adam Freeman, Hannah Coles, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
Summary: The controversy of whether gastric metaplasia should be considered as Barrett's esophagus is explored in this study. Through clinical and genomic analysis, the researchers found that the malignant potential of gastric metaplasia is lower than intestinal metaplasia. Therefore, the inclusion of gastric metaplasia in the surveillance of Barrett's esophagus is questionable.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Olga P. Nyssen, Dino Vaira, Bojan Tepes, Limas Kupcinskas, Dmitry Bordin, Angeles Perez-Aisa, Antonio Gasbarrini, Manuel Castro-Fernandez, Luis Bujanda, Ana Garre, Alfredo Lucendo, Liudmila Vologzhanina, Natasa B. Jurecic, Luis Rodrigo-Saez, Jose M. Huguet, Irina Voynovan, Jorge Perez-Lasala, Pilar Mata Romero, Miroslav Vujasinovic, Rustam Abdulkhakov, Jesus Barrio, Luis Fernandez-Salazar, Francis Megraud, Colm O'Morain, Javier P. Gisbert
Summary: Based on the European Registry on Helicobacter pylori management, this study evaluated common mistakes in the eradication of H. pylori infection. Results showed that some European gastroenterologists made common mistakes in the management, such as using ineffective treatment, prescribing short-term therapy, and using low doses of medications. These errors led to suboptimal treatment outcomes. Although clinical practice is slowly adapting to current recommendations, there is still a delay in adopting updated guidelines.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Olga P. Nyssen, Dino Vaira, Angeles Perez Aisa, Luis Rodrigo, Manuel Castro-Fernandez, Laimas Jonaitis, Bojan Tepes, Liudmila Vologzhanina, Maria Caldas, Angel Lanas, Alfredo J. Lucendo, Luis Bujanda, Juan Ortuno, Jesus Barrio, Jose M. Huguet, Irina Voynovan, Jorge Perez Lasala, Aiman Silkanovna Sarsenbaeva, Luis Fernandez-Salazar, Javier Molina-Infante, Natasa Brglez Jurecic, Miguel Areia, Antonio Gasbarrini, Juozas Kupcinskas, Dmitry Bordin, Ricardo Marcos-Pinto, Frode Lerang, Marcis Leja, Gyorgy M. Buzas, Yaron Niv, Theodore Rokkas, Perminder Phull, Sinead Smith, Oleg Shvets, Marino Venerito, Vladimir Milivojevic, Ilkay Simsek, Vincent Lamy, Peter Bytzer, Lyudmila Boyanova, Lumir Kunovsky, Christoph Beglinger, Michael Doulberis, Wojciech Marlicz, Adrian Goldis, Ante Tonkic, Lisette Capelle, Ignasi Puig, Francis Megraud, Colm O' Morain, Javier P. Gisbert
Summary: The study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of second-line empiric treatment for H pylori infection by European gastroenterologists. For patients who failed previous eradication treatment attempts, treatment regimens including quinolone triple therapies and levofloxacin-bismuth quadruple therapy showed optimal eradication rates.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Silvio Danese, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Milan Lukas, Javier P. Gisbert, Geert D'Haens, Bu'hussain Hayee, Remo Panaccione, Hyun-Soo Kim, Walter Reinisch, Helen Tyrrell, Young S. Oh, Swati Tole, Akiko Chai, Kirsten Chamberlain-James, Meina Tao Tang, Stefan Schreiber
Summary: This study compared the safety and efficacy of etrolizumab and infliximab in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. While etrolizumab did not show statistical superiority for the primary endpoint, it performed similarly to infliximab from a clinical viewpoint.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Keith Siau, Ian L. P. Beales, Adam Haycock, Durayd Alzoubaidi, Rachael Follows, Rehan Haidry, Jayan Mannath, Susan McConnell, Aravinth Murugananthan, Srivathsan Ravindran, Stuart A. Riley, R. N. Williams, Nigel John Trudgill, Andrew M. Veitch
Summary: Training and quality assurance in oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) are important to ensure competent practice. This national evidence-based review provides updated standards and recommendations for OGD training and certification. The consensus process led to the formulation of certification criteria, including a minimum number of procedures, attendance at a basic skills course, achievement of performance standards, and satisfactory performance in assessments.
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Olga P. Nyssen, Dino Vaira, Ilaria Maria Saracino, Giulia Fiorini, Maria Caldas, Luis Bujanda, Rinaldo Pellicano, Alma Keco-Huerga, Manuel Pabon-Carrasco, Elida Oblitas Susanibar, Alfredo Di Leo, Giuseppe Losurdo, Angeles Perez-Aisa, Antonio Gasbarrini, Doron Boltin, Sinead Smith, Perminder Phull, Theodore Rokkas, Dominique Lamarque, Anna Cano-Catala, Ignasi Puig, Francis Megraud, Colm O'Morain, Javier P. Gisbert
Summary: Rifabutin-containing therapy is an effective and safe strategy for Helicobacter pylori eradication, especially after first-line treatment failure or multiple treatment failures.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julia Schroeder, Laura Chegwidden, Carlo Maj, Jan Gehlen, Jan Speller, Anne C. Boehmer, Oleg Borisov, Timo Hess, Nicole Kreuser, Marino Venerito, Hakan Alakus, Andrea May, Christian Gerges, Thomas Schmidt, Rene Thieme, Dominik Heider, Axel M. Hillmer, Julian Reingruber, Orestis Lyros, Arne Dietrich, Albrecht Hoffmeister, Matthias Mehdorn, Florian Lordick, Gertraud Stocker, Michael Hohaus, Daniel Reim, Jennis Kandler, Michaela Mueller, Alanna Ebigbo, Claudia Fuchs, Christiane J. Bruns, Arnulf H. Holscher, Hauke Lang, Peter P. Grimminger, Dani Dakkak, Yogesh Vashist, Sandra May, Siegfried Gorg, Andre Franke, David Ellinghaus, Sara Galavotti, Lothar Veits, Josef Weismuller, Jens Dommermuth, Udo Benner, Thomas Roesch, Helmut Messmann, Brigitte Schumacher, Horst Neuhaus, Carsten Schmidt, Thaddaus T. Wissinowski, Markus M. Noethen, Jing Dong, Jue-Sheng Ong, Matthew F. Buas, Aaron P. Thrift, Thomas L. Vaughan, Ian Tomlinson, David C. Whiteman, Rebecca Claire Fitzgerald, Janusz Jankowski, Michael Vieth, Andreas Mayr, Puya Gharahkhani, Stuart MacGregor, Ines Gockel, Claire Palles, Johannes Schumacher
Summary: This study utilized GWAS, genetic correlation analysis, and polygenic risk modeling to investigate the genetic causes of BE/EA. The findings identified new risk loci and candidate genes associated with BE/EA development. The study also revealed differences in the etiology of BE and EA and demonstrated improved risk prediction models when combining PRS with risk factors. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying BE/EA and improve our understanding of the disease.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luis Fernandez-Salazar, Ana Campillo, Luis Rodrigo, Angeles Perez-Aisa, Jesus M. Gonzalez-Santiago, Xavier Segarra Ortega, Maja Denkovski, Natasa Brglez Jurecic, Luis Bujanda, Blas Jose Gomez Rodriguez, Juan Ortuno, Sotirios Georgopoulos, Laimas Jonaitis, Ignasi Puig, Olga P. Nyssen, Francis Megraud, Colm O'Morain, Javier P. Gisbert
Summary: This study evaluated the decisions and outcomes of H. pylori management by European gastroenterologists through an international multicenter observational registry. The findings suggest that high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) is not a good option for first-line or rescue treatment of H. pylori in Europe, even with the addition of bismuth.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Srivathsan Ravindran, Rebecca Cavilla, Hutan Ashrafian, Adam Haycock, Chris Healey, Mark Coleman, Steph Archer, Ara Darzi, Siwan Thomas-Gibson
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Diego Burgos-Santamaria, Olga P. Nyssen, Antonio Gasbarrini, Dino Vaira, Angeles Perez-Aisa, Luis Rodrigo, Rinaldo Pellicano, Alma Keco-Huerga, Manuel Pabon-Carrasco, Manuel Castro-Fernandez, Doron Boltin, Jesus Barrio, Perminder Phull, Juozas Kupcinskas, Laimas Jonaitis, Inmaculada Ortiz-Polo, Bojan Tepes, Alfredo J. Lucendo, Jose Maria Huguet, Miguel Areia, Natasa Brglez Jurecic, Maja Denkovski, Luis Bujanda, June Ramos-San Roman, Antonio Cuadrado-Lavin, Judith Gomez-Camarero, Manuel Alfonso Jimenez Moreno, Angel Lanas, Samuel Jesus Martinez-Dominguez, Enrique Alfaro, Ricardo Marcos-Pinto, Vladimir Milivojevic, Theodore Rokkas, Marcis Leja, Sinead Smith, Ante Tonkic, Gyorgy Miklos Buzas, Michael Doulberis, Marino Venerito, Frode Lerang, Dmitry S. Bordin, Vincent Lamy, Lisette G. Capelle, Wojciech Marlicz, Daniela Dobru, Oleksiy Gridnyev, Ignasi Puig, Francis Megraud, Colm O'Morain, Javier P. Gisbert
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the usage, effectiveness, and safety of Helicobacter pylori empirical rescue therapy in third and subsequent treatment lines in Europe. The results showed that the overall effectiveness of most treatment regimens remained below 90%, and only a few regimens achieved acceptable outcomes in certain cases. Compliance with empirical therapy optimization principles is still poor five years after clinical practice guidelines update.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Ian Beales
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Keith Siau, Stavroula Pelitari, Susi Green, Brian McKaig, Arun Rajendran, Mark Feeney, Mo Thoufeeq, John Anderson, Vathsan Ravindran, Paul Hagan, Neil Cripps, Ian L. P. Beales, Karen Church, Nicholas Church, Elizabeth Ratcliffe, Said Din, Rupert D. Pullan, Sharon Powell, Catherine Regan, Wee Sing Ngu, Eleanor Wood, Sarah Mills, Neil Hawkes, Paul Dunckley, Marietta Iacucci, Siwan Thomas-Gibson, Christopher Wells, Aravinth Murugananthan
Summary: The standards for training and certification in flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) have been updated to provide support for newly independent practitioners.
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Keith Siau, Stavroula Pelitari, Susi Green, Brian McKaig, Arun Rajendran, Mark Feeney, Mo Thoufeeq, John Anderson, Vathsan Ravindran, Paul Hagan, Neil Cripps, Ian L. P. Beales, Karen Church, Nicholas Church, Elizabeth Ratcliffe, Said Din, Rupert D. Pullan, Sharon Powell, Catherine Regan, Wee Sing Ngu, Eleanor Wood, Sarah Mills, Neil Hawkes, Paul Dunckley, Marietta Iacucci, Siwan Thomas-Gibson, Christopher Wells, Aravinth Murugananthan
Summary: In the UK, endoscopy certification is awarded when trainees reach minimum competency standards for independent practice. A national evidence-based review was conducted to update and develop standards and recommendations for colonoscopy training and certification. The consensus process led to revised criteria for colonoscopy certification, aiming to improve standards and provide support to practitioners.
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Keith Siau, Ian L. P. Beales, Adam Haycock, Durayd Alzoubaidi, Rachael Follows, Rehan Haidry, Jayan Mannath, Susan McConnell, Aravinth Murugananthan, Srivathsan Ravindran, Stuart A. Riley, R. N. Williams, Nigel John Trudgill, Andrew M. Veitch
Summary: Training and quality assurance in oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) are crucial in ensuring competent practice. This evidence-based review has updated and developed standards and recommendations for OGD training and certification. The certification criteria include hands-on procedure requirements, attending accredited courses, meeting performance standards, and demonstrating satisfactory procedural skills assessments. These standards aim to support training, enhance competency assessment, uphold practice standards, and provide support to newly-independent practitioners.
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Elizabeth Ratcliffe, Sharmila Subramaniam, Wee Sing Ngu, Susan McConnell, Ian L. P. Beales, Raymond McCrudden, Geoff Smith, Christopher Wells
Summary: Training in gastrointestinal endoscopy in the UK is mainly conducted through one-to-one interactions between trainers and trainees in real-world settings. A recent survey found that the training culture in endoscopy units was generally positive, with most trainees receiving regular training lists and feedback from their trainers.
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Brian G. Feagan, Edward V. Loftus, Silvio Danese, Severine Vermeire, William J. Sandborn, Timothy E. Ritter, Rajiv Mehta, Ursula Seidler, Frank Seibold, Ian Beales, Hyo Jong Kim, John McNally, Chohee Yun, Sally Zhao, Xiaopeng Liu, Chantal T. Tasset, Robin Besuyen, Mamoru Watanabe, Stefan Schreiber, Gerhard Rogler, Toshifumi Hibi, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet