Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jan O. Friedrich, Elisa Gouvea Bogossian
Summary: In a trial evaluating the efficacy of hydrocortisone in treating community-acquired pneumonia, researchers found a nearly 50% lower 28-day mortality rate in the hydrocortisone group compared to the placebo group. They also observed a higher incidence of septic shock in the placebo group. The trial did not allow the use of open-label glucocorticoids, which may have contributed to the higher mortality rate in the placebo group.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Aya Saied, Radwa Maher El Borolossy, Mourad Alfy Ramzy, Nagwa A. A. Sabri
Summary: The supplementation of zinc and vitamin A has positive effects on the recovery of children under 5 years old suffering from community-acquired pneumonia, reducing the length of hospital stay and the duration of pneumonic effusion.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Catia Cilloniz, Raul Mendez, Hector Peroni, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Veronica Rico, Albert Gabarrus, Rosario Menendez, Antoni Torres, Alex Soriano
Summary: The study found that empirically using ceftaroline in hospitalized patients with severe CAP is associated with a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lauren Puzz, Emily A. Plauche, David A. Cretella, Virginia A. Harrison, Mary Joyce B. Wingler
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention on antibiotic prescribing in pediatric patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia. The intervention resulted in improved antibiotic selection and duration, providing valuable data for further education of providers.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Luis A. Ruiz, Leyre Serrano, Silvia Perez, Sonia Castro, Amaia Urrutia, Ane Uranga, Amaia Artaraz, Ainhoa Gomez, Pedro P. Espana, Rafael Zalacain
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of using a predefined cutoff value for lymphopenia as an early predictor of in-hospital mortality and other outcomes in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. The study found that lymphopenia could be used as a reproducible predictor of complicated clinical course in these patients.
Article
Immunology
Leigh M. Howard, Kathryn M. Edwards, Yuwei Zhu, Carlos G. Grijalva, Wesley H. Self, Seema Jain, Krow Ampofo, Andrew T. Pavia, Sandra R. Arnold, Jonathan A. McCullers, Evan J. Anderson, Richard G. Wunderink, Derek J. Williams
Summary: Clinical features did not reliably distinguish HMPV-associated pneumonia from other pathogens. HMPV-associated pneumonia was less severe than bacterial and adult RSV pneumonia, but was otherwise as or more severe than other common pathogens.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Yi Wang, Xiaolan Huang, Fang Li, Xinbei Jia, Nan Jia, Jin Fu, Shuang Liu, Jin Zhang, Haiyan Ge, Siyuan Huang, Yi Hui, Chunrong Sun, Fei Xiao, Xiaodai Cui, Laurence Don Wai Luu, Dong Qu, Jieqiong Li, Jun Tai
Summary: This study used proteomics combined with metabolomics to identify potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and uncover underlying mechanisms of disease severity. A new serum biomarker panel consisting of 2 proteins (C-reactive protein and lipopolysaccharide) and 3 metabolites (Fasciculol C, PE (14:0/16:1(19Z)), PS (20:0/22:6(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z))) was developed to identify CAP and distinguish severe pneumonia. Pathway analysis revealed activation of cell death pathway, dysregulated complement system, coagulation cascade and platelet function, and inflammatory responses as contributors to tissue damage in children with CAP. Dysregulated lipid metabolism was also identified as a potential pathological mechanism for severe progression of CAP.
Article
Pediatrics
I-Fan Chang, I-Fan Lin, Yun-Chung Liu, Chia-Ching Chou, Tu-Hsuan Chang, Ting-Yu Yen, Chun-Yi Lu, Luan-Yin Chang, Feipei Lai, Li-Min Huang
Summary: After the implementation of PCV13 vaccination, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and case-fatality rate in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) significantly decreased in Taiwan. However, the rates of infections with other pathogens increased, which requires further surveillance for their clinical significance.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Fei Li, Yuhan Zhang, Peng Shi, Linfeng Cao, Liyun Su, Pan Fu, Kuerbanjiang Abuduxikuer, Libo Wang, Yin Wang, Roujian Lu, Wenjie Tan, Jun Shen
Summary: This study investigated the pathogens causing pediatric severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP), including cases with persistent consolidation requiring bronchoscopy intervention. The dominant pathogens found in the samples were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and adenovirus (ADV), with most samples testing positive for both. These findings could be important for guiding empirical treatment strategies for pediatric SCAP cases.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Kevin C. Wilson, Noah C. Schoenberg, David L. Cohn, Kristina Crothers, Kevin P. Fennelly, Joshua P. Metlay, Jussi J. Saukkonen, Charlie Strange, Grant Waterer, Raed Dweik
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of using the CORE process to develop the ATS/IDSA CAP guidelines. Results showed that recommendations derived from the CORE process were mostly concordant with the guideline recommendations, but there were some differences in the strength of recommendations and quality of evidence.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Donia Bouzid, Oshra Hadad, Melanie Bertine, Nadhira Houhou-Fidouh, Audrey Mirand, Xavier Duval, Vincent Bunel, Raphael Borie, Jean Christophe Lucet, Diane Descamps, Benoit Visseaux
Summary: This study reveals a high proportion of chronic respiratory diseases or immunosuppression among hospitalized patients infected with rhinovirus. Different subtypes of rhinovirus are associated with immunosuppressive treatments, higher coinfection rates, and higher ICU admission rates. Understanding the molecular differences of rhinovirus is crucial for targeted treatments and improved patient outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Phuong T. K. Nguyen, Paul D. Robinson, Dominic A. Fitzgerald, Ben J. Marais
Summary: Pneumonia is the leading cause of disease and deaths in children under five years old, particularly in resource-limited settings. The etiology is diverse, with limited information on local drug resistance profiles. Respiratory viruses are increasingly implicated in severe childhood pneumonia, especially in settings with high vaccine coverage against bacteria. COVID-19 restrictions significantly reduced respiratory virus circulation, but rebounded once the restrictions were lifted.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Hannah Lawrence, Tricia M. McKeever, Wei Shen Lim, British Thoracic Soc
Summary: The readmission rates for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the UK have increased over the past decade. This study aimed to describe the cohort of patients who were readmitted within 30 days after hospitalisation for CAP in England and explore the reasons for this. A retrospective analysis was performed using data from the British Thoracic Society audit, and it was found that pneumonia was the most common condition treated on readmission and had a higher mortality rate than other diagnoses.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
J. Vasco Barreto, Claudia Camila Dias, Teresa Cardoso
Summary: This study found that etiological investigation of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) does not have an impact on disease management and outcomes. The analysis of various risk factors showed that microbial identification does not lower hospital mortality, regardless of the risk for drug-resistant pathogens.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Matthew A. Christensen, McKenna Nevers, Jian Ying, Candace Haroldsen, Vanessa Stevens, Makoto M. Jones, Peter M. Yarbrough, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Marcos Restrepo, Karl Madaras-Kelly, Matthew H. Samore, Barbara Ellen Jones
Summary: The adoption of the 2019 CAP guidelines in Veterans Affairs inpatients would lead to substantial changes in culturing and empiric antibiotic selection practices, including a decrease in overcoverage and a slight increase in undercoverage for MRSA and P. aeruginosa.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Cihan Papan, Alberto Argentiero, Ortwin Adams, Marian Porwoll, Ummaya Hakim, Edoardo Farinelli, Ilaria Testa, Maria B. Pasticci, Daniele Mezzetti, Katia Perruccio, Arne Simon, Johannes G. Liese, Markus Knuf, Michal Stein, Renata Yacobov, Ellen Bamberger, Sven Schneider, Susanna Esposito, Tobias Tenenbaum
Summary: This study found that viral load is associated with biomarkers and may serve as a complementary tool for assessing disease severity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Giulia Collatuzzo, Carlo La Vecchia, Fabio Parazzini, Gianfranco Alicandro, Federica Turati, Matteo Di Maso, Matteo Malvezzi, Claudio Pelucchi, Eva Negri, Paolo Boffetta
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive assessment of infection-related cancers burden in Italy. It shows that 7.6% of cancer deaths and 6.9% of incident cases are attributable to infections, with higher proportions in men than women. Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of infection-related cancer deaths, followed by hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis B virus.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gianluca Bossu, Giovanni Autore, Luca Bernardi, Danilo Buonsenso, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Susanna Esposito
Summary: According to the latest report from WHO, around 10.0 million people were affected by tuberculosis (TB) in 2020, with 12% being children under 15 years old. Limited knowledge and lack of registered drugs suitable for pediatric use pose challenges in treating multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) in children. This review focuses on therapeutic options and prophylactic management of MDR-TB in children.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Danilo Buonsenso, Francesca Cusenza, Lucrezia Passadore, Francesca Bonanno, Claudia De Guido, Susanna Esposito
Summary: This study reviewed the duration of immune memory and risk of reinfection in children previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinated. The evidence suggests that children infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop long-lasting immunity but have reduced cross-reactivity against the Omicron variant. Vaccination, on the other hand, provides better cross-neutralization against both pre-Omicron and Omicron variants. Based on these findings, it is recommended to offer booster vaccinations to children infected before Omicron and to more vulnerable children infected with Omicron.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giuseppe Cannalire, Simone Pilloni, Susanna Esposito, Giacomo Biasucci, Anna Di Franco, Maria Elisabeth Street
Summary: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its isoenzymes play a crucial role in reflecting bone metabolism. ALP increases mineralization and reduces the concentration of an inhibitor of mineral formation. Different isoenzymes of ALP are expressed in different tissues and the bone isoenzyme (B-ALP) is involved in bone turnover. ALP measurements are important in the diagnosis, differentiation, and follow-up of rickets.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Giulia Dal Canto, Tawaddud Hassan Eisa Artaiga, Abdulrahman Ibrahiem Mohamed, Hayat Amin Makki Hassan, Doaa Mahmoud Adam, Moram Awadalla Ibrahiem Ahmed, Jihad Motwali, Manuela Valenti, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of death in children under five in developing countries, causing approximately 500,000 deaths annually. Due to the lack of diagnostic tests, empirical therapy is often used to treat diarrheal disease. This case study highlights the life-threatening complications of amoebiasis in children with severe acute malnutrition, emphasizing the need for a rapid and inexpensive diagnostic test and further research on antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Review
Microbiology
Ilaria Testa, Oliviero Crescenzi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians, and the features of gut microbiota in CF patients have been found to be altered, with reduced richness and diversity. The imbalanced gut microbial population, with a higher population of pro-inflammatory bacteria and scarcer immunomodulatory genera, may contribute to the development of systemic inflammation and affect clinical outcomes. Manipulation of gut microbiota could potentially be considered as an intervention to regulate the severity and progression of CF.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nicola Principi, Giovanni Autore, Serafina Perrone, Susanna Esposito
Summary: RSV is a common respiratory virus that has a significant impact on patients, healthcare systems, and society worldwide. This paper discusses the characteristics of RSV and the current development of new pharmacological measures against this virus.
EXPERT OPINION ON PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giulia Collatuzzo, Eva Negri, Claudio Pelucchi, Rossella Bonzi, Federica Turati, Charles S. Rabkin, Linda M. Liao, Rashmi Sinha, Domenico Palli, Monica Ferraroni, Lizbeth Lopez-Carrillo, Nuno Lunet, Samantha Morais, Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Dominick Parisi, David Zaridze, Dmitry Maximovitch, Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos, Jose Juan Jimenez-Moleon, Jesus Vioque, Manoli Garcia de la Hera, Maria Paula Curado, Emmanuel Dias-Neto, Raul Ulises Hernandez-Ramirez, Malaquias Lopez-Cervantes, Mary H. Ward, Shoichiro Tsugane, Akihisa Hidaka, Areti Lagiou, Pagona Lagiou, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Antonia Trichopoulou, Anna Karakatsani, Maria Constanza Camargo, Carlo La Vecchia, Paolo Boffetta
Summary: A meta-analysis of 16 studies found no significant association between yoghurt consumption and gastric cancer risk.
Article
Pediatrics
Giada Maria Di Pietro, Luisa Ronzoni, Lorenzo Maria Meschia, Claudia Tagliabue, Angela Lombardi, Raffaella Pinzani, Samantha Bosis, Paola Giovanna Marchisio, Luca Valenti
Summary: This study aims to identify clinical and genetic risk factors for disease susceptibility and progression in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study found that COVID-19 is generally less severe in children, but some children may develop complications, especially those with comorbidities or coinfections. Additionally, variation at the OAS1/2/3 gene cluster is the main genetic risk factor for COVID-19 pneumonia in children.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Irene Mileto, Greta Petazzoni, Marta Corbella, Stefano Gaiarsa, Cristina Merla, Angela Kuka, Marina Ramus, Cristina Terulla, Micaela Brandolini, Antonio Piralla, Patrizia Cambieri, Fausto Baldanti
Summary: This article describes a new NDM-producing Kp clone, ST6668, that rapidly spread across hospitals in the Pavia province of Italy. Genomic surveillance programs are shown to be useful for tracking the spread of new clones with reduced antibiotic susceptibility.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marco Mariani, Roberta Pastorino, Denise Pires Marafon, Ken C. Johnson, Jinfu Hu, Antonio Jose Molina de la Torre, Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon, David Zaridze, Dmitry Maximovich, Eva Negri, Carlo La Vecchia, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Robert C. Kurtz, Claudio Pelucchi, Matteo Rota, Stefania Boccia
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the association between leisure-time physical activity (PA) and gastric cancer (GC) through a pooled analysis of case-control studies. The results showed no significant relationship between leisure-time PA and GC, except for a slight decreased risk below age 55 and in control population-based studies.
Article
Oncology
Giulia Collatuzzo, Claudio Pelucchi, Eva Negri, Manolis Kogevinas, Jose Maria Huerta, Jesus Vioque, Manoli Garcia de la Hera, Shoichiro Tsugane, Gerson Shigueaki Hamada, Akihisa Hidaka, Zuo-Feng Zhang, M. Constanza Camargo, Maria Paula Curado, Nuno Lunet, Carlo La Vecchia, Paolo Boffetta
Summary: The association between sleep duration and stress with gastric cancer (GC) was examined. Long sleep duration (=9 h) was found to be associated with GC, while stress was associated with noncardia GC.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elena Mariotti Zani, Roberto Grandinetti, Daniela Cunico, Lisa Torelli, Valentina Fainardi, Giovanna Pisi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to malnutrition and growth failure due to malabsorption caused by chloride transport derangement. Optimal nutritional care and support are crucial for improving clinical outcomes and life expectancy. This report analyzes the nutrition support in CF patients of different ages, focusing on the relationship with growth, nutritional status, disease outcomes, and the use of CFTR modulators. Early nutrition support in CF should aim at achieving optimal nutritional status to support growth and development in children and maintain it in adulthood. This involves a high calorie, high-fat diet, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and adequate supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins. Supplemental enteral feeding may be needed when oral intake is insufficient. CFTR modulators have positive effects on nutritional status, including weight gain, BMI improvement, pulmonary function, and reduction of exacerbations. Challenges remain in developing new drugs to transform CF into a treatable chronic disease with specialized multidisciplinary care.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicole Mussi, Roberta Forestiero, Giulia Zambelli, Letizia Rossi, Maria Rosaria Caramia, Valentina Fainardi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is the main manifestation of sleep-disordered breathing in children. Adenoid and/or tonsil hypertrophy are the most common causes of upper airway lumen reduction in children aged 2 years or older. Both surgical and non-surgical options are effective treatments for OSA in children.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
