Review
Sport Sciences
Gergo Szucs, Marton Pipicz, Marton Richard Szabo, Tamas Csont, Laszlo Toeroek, Csaba Csonka
Summary: There is growing evidence supporting the importance of physical activity in combating civilization-induced metabolic diseases. Eccentric contraction, a unique type of skeletal muscle activity, may have beneficial effects on muscle power production and rehabilitation. However, the metabolic effects of eccentric contraction alone have been poorly investigated. This paper reviews the current literature to examine the impact of eccentric contraction on metabolic health and body composition in individuals with type 2 diabetes or obesity, and discusses the potential role of myokines in mediating the effects of eccentric exercise.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dimitrios Voudouris, Maria Horianopoulou, Zoi Apostolopoulou, Costas Chryssanthopoulos, Mari Bardopoulou, Maria Maridaki, Theodoros Vassilakopoulos, Michael Koutsilieris, Anastassios Philippou
Summary: Short-term daily combined exercise can improve hepatic steatosis and central adiposity indices in patients with NAFLD, independent of weight loss.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miaomiao Xu, Xiaoguang Liu, Peng Bao, Yanjie Wang, Xiaoyan Zhu, Yujian Liu, Xin Ni, Jianqiang Lu
Summary: Cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) plays a critical role in skeletal muscle by regulating multiple signaling pathways involved in insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
John A. Batsis, Dakota J. Batchek, Curtis L. Petersen, Danae C. Gross, David H. Lynch, Hillary B. Spangler, Summer B. Cook, Tomasz Kostka
Summary: Protein supplementation during weight loss demonstrated a smaller decrease in insulin resistance compared to the nonprotein group, suggesting protein may potentially mitigate beneficial effects of exercise on glucose homeostasis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcelina Sperling, Teresa Grzelak, Marta Pelczynska, Pawel Bogdanski, Dorota Formanowicz, Krystyna Czyzewska
Summary: Omentin-1 levels are associated with central obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance, with lower levels found in obese patients and men with abnormal glucose tolerance. Gender, tissue insulin sensitivity, WHR, and body fat amount all have significant effects on serum omentin-1 concentration. High omentin-1 levels in men with obesity and normal glucose tolerance suggest a protective effect against metabolic disorders associated with obesity in males.
Article
Sport Sciences
Adam J. Bittel, Daniel C. Bittel, Bettina Mittendorfer, Bruce W. Patterson, Adewole L. Okunade, Nada A. Abumrad, Dominic N. Reeds, William Todd Cade
Summary: The study indicates that a single bout of resistance exercise can improve postprandial insulin sensitivity, reduce the postprandial rise in glucose rate of appearance, and decrease postprandial plasma insulin concentration in sedentary men with obesity and prediabetes.
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Patrycja Bielawiec, Ewa Harasim-Symbor, Klaudia Sztolsztener, Karolina Konstantynowicz-Nowicka, Adrian Chabowski
Summary: Excessive intake of fatty acids leads to oxidative stress and inflammation, while CBD has potential therapeutic properties by improving the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, preventing lipid peroxidation, and attenuating inflammatory response in skeletal muscles.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Teresa Mezza, Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Gianfranco Di Giuseppe, Simona Moffa, Chiara M. A. Cefalo, Francesca Cinti, Flavia Impronta, Umberto Capece, Giuseppe Quero, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Andrea Mari, Sergio Alfieri, Andrea Giaccari
Summary: This study aimed to verify the acute effect of reduced beta cell mass on the development of hyperglycemia. The research found that reduced first-phase insulin secretion and glucose sensitivity were predictors of eventual development of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Thus, these functional alterations may play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Benedikt Dietz, Juergen Machann, Vaibhav Agrawal, Martin Heni, Patrick Schwab, Julia Dienes, Steffen Reichert, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Hans-Ulrich Haering, Fritz Schick, Norbert Stefan, Andreas Fritsche, Hubert Preissl, Bernhard Schoelkopf, Stefan Bauer, Robert Wagner
Summary: The study indicated that diabetes can be detected through whole-body MRI without additional data, with visceral fat playing a crucial role in diabetes classification. The model identified a high-risk group with increased risk for future diabetes and microalbuminuria.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Chiao-Nan Chen, Kuo-Jen Hsu, Kuei-Yu Chien, Jeu-Jung Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of exercise alone or in combination with a high-protein diet on markers of cardiometabolic health in middle-aged adults with obesity. The results showed that the combined intervention significantly decreased fat mass and improved lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and inflammation in this population, highlighting the importance of lifestyle modifications in managing obesity-related health risks.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jianbo Yu, Xufeng Liao, Yanzi Zhong, Yongqiang Wu, Xinsheng Lai, Huifeng Jiao, Min Yan, Yu Zhang, Chaolin Ma, Shunqi Wang
Summary: Hyperglycemia is more common in SCZ patients than in controls, suggesting common biological mechanisms between the two diseases, and the Tmem108 mutant may represent a comorbid mechanism. The study found that Tmem108 mutant mice showed glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and disturbed metabolic homeostasis, with enhanced glucose metabolic pathway and decreased lipid metabolism, along with changes in food and oxygen consumption. Metformin was able to attenuate plasma glucose levels and improve sensorimotor gating in the mutant mice.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Dylan J. Harney, Michelle Cielesh, Georgia E. Roberts, Isabelle K. Vila, Barney Viengkhou, Markus J. Hofer, Nadine Laguette, Mark Larance
Summary: Intermittent fasting (IF) is an effective intervention for treating obesity, but its interaction with sex is still not fully understood. This study uses unbiased proteome analysis to identify diet-sex interactions and reveals sexual dimorphism in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, as well as unexpected differences in type I interferon signaling. The secretion of type I interferon is found to be essential for the IF response in females. Additionally, the study shows that sex hormone signaling can either suppress or enhance the interferon response to IF. The findings also indicate that the IF response varies with genotype and environment, highlighting the complex interaction between diet, sex, and the innate immune system.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiao Han, Yang Yang, Sujuan Liu, Yanmei Niu, Heng Shao, Li Fu
Summary: Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is closely linked to hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders. Regular exercise can enhance insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, and this study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that SESN3 plays a crucial role in amplifying the beneficial effects of exercise on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and systemic glucose levels. The SESN3/mTORC2/AKT pathway mediated the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stephanie T. Chung, Samantha T. Matta, Abby G. Meyers, Celeste K. Cravalho, Alfredo Villalobos-Perez, Joshua M. Dawson, Vandhna R. Sharma, Maureen L. Sampson, James D. Otvos, Sheela N. Magge
Summary: This study compared the levels of four biomarkers in youth and found that they were closely related to obesity and glycemia, with LPIR and GlycA being significantly elevated in youth with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, while glycine was decreased in youth with type 2 diabetes. These markers were correlated with HOMA-IR and HbA1c.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dewei Ye, Jiating Huang, Jiaming Wu, Kang Xie, Xiang Gao, Kaixuan Yan, Pengfei Zhang, Ying Tao, Yun Li, Shufei Zang, Xianglu Rong, Jun Li, Jiao Guo
Summary: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by high blood sugar and insulin resistance during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, which poses significant risks to both the mother and fetus. Through a study on a group of pregnant women with GDM and those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), we discovered microbial and metabolic alterations associated with GDM. These findings provide insight into the mechanistic link between altered gut microbiota and GDM, and suggest that targeting the gut microbiota could be a promising intervention for GDM.
Article
Immunology
Carol Strahm, Marco Seneghini, Sabine Gusewell, Thomas Egger, Onicio Leal-Neto, Angela Brucher, Eva Lemmenmeier, Dorette Meier Kleeb, J. Carsten Moeller, Philip Rieder, Markus Ruetti, Remus Rutz, Hans-Ruedi Schmid, Reto Stocker, Danielle Vuichard-Gysin, Benedikt Wiggli, Ulrike Besold, Stefan P. Kuster, Allison McGeer, Lorenz Risch, Andree Friedl, Matthias Schlegel, Dagmar Schmid, Pietro Vernazza, Christian R. Kahlert, Philipp Kohler
Summary: In a study among healthcare workers, participants with a positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to experience long COVID symptoms, while seropositive participants without a positive swab had only mild effects. Additionally, baseline physical activity was negatively associated with neurocognitive impairment and fatigue symptoms.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Mette-Triin Purde, Rebekka Niederer, Nikolaus B. Wagner, Stefan Diem, Fiamma Berner, Omar Hasan Ali, Dorothea Hillmann, Irina Bergamin, Markus Joerger, Martin Risch, Christoph Niederhauser, Tobias L. Lenz, Martin Fruh, Lorenz Risch, David Semela, Lukas Flatz
Summary: The study found nominally significant associations of ICI-induced hepatitis with two HLA alleles and frequently co-occurred with irAEs affecting other organs. ICI-induced hepatitis did not affect overall or progression-free survival in patients.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sabine Haller, Sabine Gusewell, Thomas Egger, Giulia Scanferla, Reto Thoma, Onicio B. Leal-Neto, Domenica Flury, Angela Brucher, Eva Lemmenmeier, J. Carsten Moller, Philip Rieder, Markus Rutti, Reto Stocker, Danielle Vuichard-Gysin, Benedikt Wiggli, Ulrike Besold, Stefan P. Kuster, Allison McGeer, Lorenz Risch, Matthias Schlegel, Andree Friedl, Pietro Vernazza, Christian R. Kahlert, Philipp Kohler
Summary: Respirators, specifically FFP2 masks, may provide additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 for healthcare workers who have frequent exposure to COVID-19 patients.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Tobias Sinnberg, Christa Lichtensteiger, Omar Hasan Ali, Oltin T. Pop, Ann-Kristin Jochum, Lorenz Risch, Silvio D. Brugger, Ana Velic, David Bomze, Philipp Kohler, Pietro Vernazza, Werner C. Albrich, Christian R. Kahlert, Marie-Therese Abdou, Nina Wyss, Kathrin Hofmeister, Heike Niessner, Carl Zinner, Mara Gilardi, Alexandar Tzankov, Martin Rocken, Alex Dulovic, Srikanth Mairpady Shambat, Natalia Ruetalo, Philipp K. Buehler, Thomas C. Scheier, Wolfram Jochum, Lukas Kern, Samuel Henz, Tino Schneider, Gabriela M. Kuster, Maurin Lampart, Martin Siegemund, Roland Bingisser, Michael Schindler, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra, Hubert Kalbacher, Kathy D. McCoy, Werner Spengler, Martin H. Brutsche, Boris Macek, Raphael Twerenbold, Josef M. Penninger, Matthias S. Matter, Lukas Flatz
Summary: COVID-19 can cause severe respiratory distress syndrome, and dysregulated immune responses, including autoimmunity, play a key role. This study investigated the presence of IgA autoantibodies targeting lung-specific proteins and their effects on pulmonary surfactant in severe COVID-19 cases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Linda Salzmann, Janik Wild, Neeraj Singh, Tobias Schierscher, Franziska Liesch, Friederike Bauland, Andrea Geistanger, Lorenz Risch, Christian Geletneky, Christoph Seger, Judith Taibon
Summary: This study developed a reference measurement procedure for gabapentin, using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy to determine the absolute content of standard materials and isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) to accurately measure the concentration of gabapentin in serum and plasma. The analytical protocol showed good selectivity, precision, and accuracy, allowing for standardization of routine tests and reliable evaluation of clinical samples.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Linnea Malmgren, Carl Oberg, Emil den Bakker, Felicia Leion, Joanna Siodmiak, Anna Akesson, Veronica Lindstrom, Erik Herou, Alain Dardashti, Liana Xhakollari, Gabriel Grubb, Helena Strevens, Magnus Abrahamson, Johanna Helmersson-Karlqvist, Martin Magnusson, Jonas Bjork, Ulf Nyman, Johan Arnlov, Peter Ridefelt, Torbjorn Akerfeldt, Magnus Hansson, Anna Sjostrom, Johan Martensson, Yoshihisa Itoh, David Grubb, Olav Tenstad, Lars-Olov Hansson, Isleifur Olafsson, Araceli Jarquin Campos, Martin Risch, Lorenz Risch, Anders Larsson, Gunnar Nordin, Hans Pottel, Anders Christensson, Henrik Bjursten, Arend Bokenkamp, Anders Grubb
Summary: Estimation of kidney function is commonly done using endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. The recommendation in 2010 to use both markers in parallel led to the identification of selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes, which are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. These syndromes, characterized by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of certain molecules, such as cystatin C, have proteomic changes that promote the development of atherosclerosis and may require new treatment modalities.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Linda Salzmann, Tino Spescha, Neeraj Singh, Tobias Schierscher, Martina Bachmann, Friederike Bauland, Andrea Geistanger, Lorenz Risch, Christian Geletneky, Christoph Seger, Judith Taibon
Summary: In this study, an isotope dilution (ID)-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) was developed for the measurement of lamotrigine in human serum and plasma. The method provides traceability and reliability for standardization of routine assays and evaluation of clinical samples.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Anja Kobel, Tobias Schierscher, Neeraj Singh, Linda Salzmann, Franziska Liesch, Friederike Bauland, Andrea Geistanger, Lorenz Risch, Christian Geletneky, Christoph Seger, Judith Taibon
Summary: Developed an isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for levetiracetam quantification in human serum and plasma. The RMP was highly selective and specific, with no evidence of a matrix effect. Its expanded measurement uncertainty of <= 4.0% meets the clinical needs in levetiracetam monitoring. Utilized quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) to ensure metrological traceability to SI units for levetiracetam reference materials.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Christian R. Kahlert, Carol Strahm, Sabine Gusewell, Alexia Cusini, Angela Brucher, Stephan Goppel, Elisabeth Moller, J. Carsten Moller, Manuela Ortner, Markus Ruetti, Reto Stocker, Danielle Vuichard-Gysin, Ulrike Besold, Allison McGeer, Lorenz Risch, Andree Friedl, Matthias Schlegel, Pietro Vernazza, Stefan P. Kuster, Philipp Kohler
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vaccination, viral variants, and PASC. The results showed that previous infection with wild-type and Alpha/Delta variants was the strongest risk factor for PASC symptoms among healthcare workers. Vaccination before Omicron BA.1 infection did not show a clear protective effect against PASC symptoms in this population.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Philipp Kohler, Baharak Babouee Flury, Sabine Guesewell, Thomas Egger, Onicio Leal, Angela Brucher, Eva Lemmenmeier, Dorette Meier Kleeb, J. Carsten Moller, Manuela Ortner, Philip Rieder, Markus Ruetti, Hans-Ruedi Schmid, Reto Stocker, Danielle Vuichard-Gysin, Oliver Speer, Benedikt Wiggli, Ulrike Besold, Allison McGeer, Lorenz Risch, Andree Friedl, Matthias Schlegel, Pietro R. Vernazza, Christian P. Kahlert, Stefan Kuster
Summary: This study prospectively assessed the effects of different types of pre-existing immunity on the frequency of clinical symptoms caused by the Omicron variant breakthrough infection. The results showed that hybrid immunity, compared to vaccination alone, was associated with a reduction of symptoms such as dizziness, muscle or limb pain, and headache. Furthermore, individuals who received a booster dose of the vaccine had lower frequencies of dizziness, cough, and muscle or limb pain. Thus, hybrid immunity and booster vaccine doses can provide additional protection against specific symptoms during breakthrough infections.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jean-Pierre Gutzwiller, Krisztina Mueller-Bolla, Carlo Ferrari, Zeno Stanga, Urs. E. E. Nydegger, Lorenz Risch, Martin Risch
Summary: This study conducted a long-term follow-up on Swiss pensioners and identified potential risk factors associated with increased mortality in healthy older adults. This has important implications for understanding healthy ageing populations and reducing their global economic burden.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Linda Salzmann, Tino Spescha, Neeraj Singh, Anja Kobel, Vanessa Fischer, Tobias Schierscher, Friederike Bauland, Andrea Geistanger, Lorenz Risch, Christian Geletneky, Christoph Seger, Judith Taibon
Summary: A novel reference measurement procedure (RMP) was developed and validated for the quantification of topiramate in human serum and plasma. The method showed high analytical performance, fulfilling the requirements on measurement uncertainty, and is suitable for routine assay standardization and clinical sample evaluation.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Niklas Fabio Wohlwend, Kirsten Grossmann, Stefanie Aeschbacher, Ornella C. Weideli, Julia Telser, Martin Risch, David Conen, Lorenz Risch
Summary: The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a marker of chronic low-grade inflammation that can be used to predict cardiovascular risk. This study found that suPAR plasma levels were associated with cardiovascular risk factors, with differences between males and females.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Martin Risch, Kirsten Grossmann, Stefanie Aeschbacher, Ornella C. Weideli, Marc Kovac, Fiona Pereira, Nadia Wohlwend, Corina Risch, Dorothea Hillmann, Thomas Lung, Harald Renz, Raphael Twerenbold, Martina Rothenbuehler, Daniel Leibovitz, Vladimir Kovacevic, Andjela Markovic, Paul Klaver, Timo B. Brakenhoff, Billy Franks, Marianna Mitratza, George S. Downward, Ariel Dowling, Santiago Montes, Diederick E. Grobbee, Maureen Cronin, David Conen, Brianna M. Goodale, Lorenz Risch
Summary: This study investigated the use of machine learning to identify presymptomatic COVID-19 and detect infection-related changes in physiology using a wearable device. The results showed that wearable sensor technology can enable COVID-19 detection during the presymptomatic period. The developed algorithm had a high recall rate in detecting COVID-19 up to 2 days prior to symptom onset.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Johannes Sumer, Domenica Flury, Christian R. Kahlert, Nicolas J. Mueller, Lorenz Risch, Susanne Nigg, Marco Seneghini, Pietro Vernazza, Matthias Schlegel, Philipp Kohler
Summary: This study prospectively evaluated the safety concept of the congress of the Swiss Societies of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene. The results indicate that congresses with a rigorous safety concept may take place, even in areas with moderately-high COVID-19 activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)