Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Vivien Marx
Summary: Chemical modifications to DNA, histones and RNA play a crucial role in making functional changes. Scientists are actively studying methods to monitor and understand these modifications and their interactions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anugraha Gandhirajan, Sanjoy Roychowdhury, Vidula Vachharajani
Summary: Sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients in the US. This immune response in sepsis transitions from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phase, with sirtuins playing a crucial role in orchestrating this transition. Epigenetic programming is integral to the shift from hyper- to hypo-inflammation in sepsis, but hypo-inflammation can increase susceptibility to secondary infections in hosts.
Review
Hematology
Sophia Lazar, Lawrence E. Goldfinger
Summary: This review provides an overview of the complex roles of platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs) in cancer development and progression, including promoting disease progression and anti-tumor functions, as well as their effects on cancer cells and non-transformed cells in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, PMVs play a role in coagulation, thrombosis, and interactions with inflammatory cells, but separating the effects of PMVs from platelets in cancer contexts remains a challenge.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Narges Dastmalchi, Reza Safaralizadeh, Seyed Mahdi Banan Khojasteh, Mohammad Reza Sam, Saeid Latifi-Navid, Bashdar Mahmud Hussen, Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad, Behzad Baradaran
Summary: miRs play crucial roles in cancer development by regulating transcriptional networks, epigenetic factors, and critical factors. Identifying tumoral miRs can help overcome chemo-resistance and provide cutting-edge treatment for patients.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Gaigai Li, Prativa Sherchan, Zhouping Tang, Jiping Tang
Summary: Autophagy and phagocytosis are two important endogenous lysosomal dependent clearing systems that play crucial roles in neurological disorders, with recent studies revealing underlying interactions between them. However, the contribution of autophagy to the phagocytic process in diverse phagocytes remains inconsistent, especially in the brain. Understanding the roles of autophagy in phagocytosis is critical for promoting the clearance of detrimental materials, and balancing these processes may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurological diseases in the future.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Wentao Wu, Lei Cao, Yanfei Jia, Youchao Xiao, Xu Zhang, Songbai Gui
Summary: This review summarizes the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in pituitary adenoma (PA) and highlights the importance of interactions between ncRNAs (such as competing endogenous RNAs) in PA disease.
Article
Neurosciences
Amanda Jimenez-Pompa, Sara Sanz-Lazaro, Romidan Ewere Omodolor, Jose Medina-Polo, Carmen Gonzalez-Enguita, Jesus Blazquez, J. Michael McIntosh, Almudena Albillos
Summary: This study found that the two subtypes of nAChRs, alpha 7 and alpha 3 beta 4, in human neuroendocrine cells mutually modulate their expression and activity, providing a potential avenue for pharmacological regulation of their activity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Deepak Srivastava
Summary: The cytokine meteorin-like (METRNL) has been found to improve cardiac function in mice after a heart attack.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Pisanu, Anna Meloni, Giovanni Severino, Alessio Squassina
Summary: This article provides an overview of the most relevant findings regarding the pharmacogenomics and pharmacoepigenomics of lithium response in bipolar disorder. It discusses the candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, and post-GWAS approaches that support an association between genetic load for various psychiatric disorders and poor response to lithium. The article also explores the role of epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes in methylation or noncoding RNA levels, in regulating gene expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Priyanila Magesh, Sanu Thankachan, Thejaswini Venkatesh, Padmanaban S. Suresh
Summary: The fibroblasts in the breast tumor microenvironment are crucial for tumor progression and metastasis, as they provide energy to adjacent cancer cells through metabolic reprogramming and secrete growth factors to promote tumor growth and dissemination. Identifying effective strategies to target the reprogrammed metabolism and communication between fibroblasts and cancer cells could lead to promising anti-cancer therapeutics.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Deborah A. Silverman, Vena K. Martinez, Patrick M. Dougherty, Jeffrey N. Myers, George A. Calin, Moran Amit
Summary: Recent research has shown that high intratumoral nerve density is associated with poor prognosis and high recurrence rates across various solid tumor types. Cancer cells express neurotrophic markers and release axon-guidance molecules to promote axonogenesis. Tumors recruit new neural progenitors and rewire established nerves to adrenergic phenotypes, which in turn, facilitate cancer progression through various mechanisms such as stimulating angiogenesis and promoting the expansion of cancer stem cells.
Review
Cell Biology
Miguel Ramirez Moreno, Natalia A. Bulgakova
Summary: EGFR and E-cadherin are major regulators of proliferation and differentiation in epithelial cells, and defects in either can lead to malignancies. The reciprocal interactions between EGFR and E-cadherin contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer cell invasion through modulation of adhesion and activity regulation. Understanding the crosstalk between EGFR and E-cadherin is important for tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis, and cancer progression.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
U. Sarma, M. Maiti, A. Nair, S. Bhadange, Y. Bansode, A. Srivastava, B. Saha, D. Mukherjee
Summary: The study found that the IL10-STAT3 signaling axis exhibits specificity during crosstalk with other signaling pathways; experimental results show that STAT3 exhibits bell-shaped dose-response when treated with different doses of IFN gamma or IL10; furthermore, negative regulation of the IFN gamma pathway during co-stimulation plays a key role in the robustness of the IL10-STAT3 signaling axis.
Review
Immunology
Gloria Orlando, Barbara Molon, Antonella Viola, Mauro Alaibac, Roberta Angioni, Stefano Piaserico
Summary: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with various comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases. Current research focuses on the pathways linking psoriatic plaques to the cardiovascular system, as well as the potential involvement of endothelial cells in this process.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qiyun Xiao, Johannes Werner, Nachiyappan Venkatachalam, Kim E. Boonekamp, Matthias P. Ebert, Tianzuo Zhan
Summary: Targeting cancer hallmarks is crucial for improving anti-cancer treatment, but cross-talk between signaling pathways often leads to resistance. This article provides an overview of the molecular interactions between the p53 and Wnt pathways in cancer, including complex feedback loops and reciprocal transactivation, as well as the mutational landscape of genes associated with these pathways.