Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Peter Salamon, Bjarne Andresen, James Nulton, Ty N. F. Roach, Forest Rohwer
Summary: The dissipation in an irreversible step process decreases with an increase in the number of steps. This is because dividing any relaxation step into two will create a more efficient sequence, based on the ladder theorem. This finding has important implications for biological evolution and highlights the thermodynamic length as a crucial measure of dissipation.
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Liangrong Peng, Liu Hong
Summary: This review summarizes the recent advances of the Conservation-Dissipation Formalism (CDF) in constructing thermodynamically compatible and mathematically stable models for irreversible processes. It covers the physical motivations, mathematical foundations, formulations of classical models, and novel applications in various fields, while also examining connections with other popular theories in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Michael Merz, Bixian Ying, Peter Nagel, Stefan Schuppler, Karin Kleiner
Summary: This study investigates the reversible and irreversible charge exchange reactions of Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides, and demonstrates the relationship between O-O formation in the bulk and reduction/oxidation processes of Ni, Co, and Mn. It also discusses the reversibility of charge compensation reactions and differences between O-O formation and oxygen release during activation.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
T. Koide
Summary: In this study, we develop a systematic expansion method for the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation and obtain an alternative formula for the mean work in systems with degeneracy in the eigenvalues. By investigating the thermodynamic properties of symmetric and asymmetric deformation processes of a potential, we find that the critical time characterized by the relaxation time of the Fokker-Planck equation maximizes the difference between the two processes.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xiang Li, Alireza Mojahed, Chongan Wang, Li-Qun Chen, Lawrence A. Bergman, Alexander F. Vakakis
Summary: This work investigates the irreversible energy transfers from a linear oscillator to a strongly nonlinear attachment composed of particle impact dampers. The discrete element method is utilized to simulate the strongly nonlinear dynamics of the dampers, and the dependence of energy transfers on specific damper configurations and granular dynamics is revealed.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Xudong Wang, Yao Chen
Summary: This paper studies the effects of external forces on two types of random diffusivity models and explores the important role of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in random diffusivity systems.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Karan Doss, John C. Mauro
Summary: This work proposes a fundamental thermodynamic description of structural relaxation in glasses by establishing a link between the Prony series solution to volume relaxation derived from the principles of irreversible thermodynamics and asymmetric Levy stable distribution of relaxation rates. It is shown that the bulk viscosity of glass, and not the shear viscosity, is the transport coefficient governing structural relaxation. The distribution of relaxation times and energy barrier heights underpinning stretched exponential relaxation is also reported. The framework may be used for qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the relaxation kinetics in glass.
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Arieh Ben-Naim
Summary: Time never decreases, but irreversible processes can be reversed with extremely low probability; entropy and the Second Law are timeless.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. Eh. Shirmovsky, D. V. Shulga
Summary: This paper investigates the mechanism of quantum relaxation in a microtubule tryptophan chain using the Born-Markov formalism. The tryptophans are treated as a system of interacting electric dipoles, with each dipole representing a two-level pseudo-spin system. The study examines the effects of decoherence, dissipation, and tunneling on quantum relaxation time, as well as the dependence of decoherence time on temperature.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
R. Sourki, B. Crawford, R. Vaziri, A. S. Milani
Summary: This study demonstrates that the loading/unloading regimes are often overlooked during the design and simulation of woven fabric structures and forming processes. Experimental results show that local bending/reverse-bending can occur during a typical forming process, impacting critical mechanical properties of the fabric. The study also highlights the importance of considering multiple parameters in predicting the cyclic bending response of woven fabrics.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lingen Chen, Shuangshuang Shi, Yanlin Ge, Huijun Feng
Summary: The performance optimization of the generalized irreversible isothermal chemical pump (GICP) cycle with two-mass reservoirs is studied. The relationships between the rate of energy pumping (REP) and the coefficient of performance (COP) are obtained using numerical examples, considering various types of losses in the GICP cycle. It is found that the COP versus REP characteristic follows a parabolic-like curve, with maximum COP observed at an optimal REP. The effects of different factors, such as the type of mass transfer law, chemical potential ratio, irreversible mass-transfer, mass leakage, and internal dissipation, on the COP versus REP characteristics are also investigated. The findings show that the maximum COP and the corresponding REP are smaller when using diffusive mass transfer law compared to linear mass transfer law. The presence of mass leakage has a qualitative impact on the optimal performance, while internal dissipation has a quantitative effect.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Anatoly M. Tsirlin, Alexander I. Balunov
Summary: This paper discusses typical problems in thermodynamic optimization and provides an overview of studies on the ultimate capabilities of macrosystems in thermodynamics and microeconomics. By adding an entropy balance and considering kinetic factors, reversible indicators can be refined, leading to a better understanding of the similarities between thermodynamic and microeconomic systems.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Faezeh Khodabandehlou, Christian Maes, Karel Netocny
Summary: We discuss when and why the steady nonequilibrium heat capacity vanishes with temperature using general arguments and examples. The framework of Markov jump processes on finite connected graphs is used, where the condition of local detailed balance helps identify the heat fluxes, and the discreteness enables a nondegenerate stationary distribution at absolute zero. Additionally, a dynamic condition is needed for the nonequilibrium extension of the Third Law to ensure that the low-temperature dynamical activity and accessibility of the dominant state remain sufficiently high.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Wenqing Zhu, Junjie Liu, Xiaoding Wei
Summary: This study delves into the effects of microscale constituent dimensions and properties on the impact performance of macroscopic fiber-reinforced laminates. A numerical algorithm incorporating the dynamic shear-lag model is developed, revealing a linear relationship between dimensionless viscosity and impulse duration for optimal energy dissipation. A new multiscale model is established to consider the contribution of the matrix to energy absorption, successfully capturing the impact of matrix properties on the ballistic limits of aramid fiber and carbon fiber composites.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Lorean Madriz, Franco M. Cabrerizo, Ronald Vargas
Summary: The comprehension of the kinetic processes involved in redox reactions with alkaloids such as β-carbolines (βCs) is crucial. Electrochemical studies revealed the irreversible nature of the first oxidation step of norharmane, harmine, harmaline, harmol, and harmalol. The results demonstrated the relevance of molecular structure in reaction pathways and provided insights into other redox processes involving βC alkaloids.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Shaon Chakrabarti, Christopher Jarzynski, D. Thirumalai
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2019)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Christopher Jarzynski
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Carlos Floyd, Garegin A. Papoian, Christopher Jarzynski
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ugur Cetiner, Oren Raz, Sergei Sukharev, Christopher Jarzynski
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Alireza Seif, Mohammad Hafezi, Christopher Jarzynski
Summary: The asymmetry in the flow of events, expressed as 'time's arrow,' is traced back to the second law of thermodynamics. A machine learning algorithm trained to infer the direction of time's arrow identifies entropy production as the relevant physical quantity in its decision-making process. This suggests that machine learning techniques can be utilized to study out-of-equilibrium systems and uncover physical principles in thermodynamics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David A. Garcia, Gregory Fettweis, Diego M. Presman, Ville Paakinaho, Christopher Jarzynski, Arpita Upadhyaya, Gordon L. Hager
Summary: Studies show that the dwell time distributions of most transcription factors exhibit bi-exponential behavior, but recent research indicates the presence of more TF populations, or even potentially the absence of discrete states. Certain TFs like the glucocorticoid receptor and estrogen receptor show power-law distributions of dwell times, suggesting a blurred line between non-specific and specific binding, supporting the proposal of a continuum of affinities model for TF dynamics.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlos Floyd, Herbert Levine, Christopher Jarzynski, Garegin A. Papoian
Summary: The study reveals that cytoskeletal remodeling can involve anomalously large displacements, similar to earthquakes, indicating a high sensitivity of the cytoskeleton to changing cellular environments. Fluctuations in the network's mechanical energy show non-Gaussian statistics and asymmetrically large rates of energy release compared to accumulation. Machine learning models predict cytoquake occurrence by detecting mechanical instability and changes in tension localization prior to the release of large energy events.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Andrew Smith, Kanupriya Sinha, Christopher Jarzynski
Summary: The study suggests that quantum energy coherences and classical energy-shell inhomogeneities are equivalent resources for extracting energy from a system, demonstrating that coherences do not necessarily provide a distinct thermodynamic advantage of quantum systems over classical systems.
Article
Physics, Mathematical
Alexander B. Boyd, Ayoti Patra, Christopher Jarzynski, James P. Crutchfield
Summary: Landauer's Principle states that the energy cost of information processing must exceed a certain lower limit, but in reality, finite-time information processing may lead to energy dissipation and unreliable outcomes. It has been found that shortcuts can be designed to achieve finite-time computations, but this inevitably results in additional energy dissipation. The robustness of information storage affects the energetic cost of operations.
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Bjorn Annby-Andersson, Faraj Bakhshinezhad, Debankur Bhattacharyya, Guilherme De Sousa, Christopher Jarzynski, Peter Samuelsson, Patrick P. Potts
Summary: This paper presents a formalism for continuous quantum measurement and feedback, covering both linear and nonlinear control. The derived quantum Fokker-Planck master equation describes the joint dynamics of a quantum system and a detector, while a Markovian master equation is derived for fast measurements, allowing for analytical treatment. The formalism is illustrated by investigating a quantum information engine and a classical information engine.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
David Guery-Odelin, Christopher Jarzynski, Carlos A. Plata, Antonio Prados, Emmanuel Trizac
Summary: Stochastic thermodynamics provides a new perspective to analyze heat, work, and entropy production for individual stochastic trajectories of mesoscopic systems. It introduces time into thermodynamic processes through stochastic equations of motion, enabling fine control. This article reviews various strategies for realizing finite-time state-to-state transformations in stochastic systems, such as over and underdamped regimes, and discusses the connection between arbitrary states and non-equilibrium steady states.
REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Debankur Bhattacharyya, Christopher Jarzynski
Summary: This study presents a simple strategy for constructing an information ratchet or memory-tape model of Maxwell's demon by converting a feedback-controlled model. The underlying network structure of the original model is used to design a set of bit interaction rules for the information ratchet. The new model is analytically solved in the limit of long interaction times and semianalytical phase diagrams of operational modes are obtained for finite-time interactions. Stochastic simulations are conducted to verify the theoretical results.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Wade Hodson, Christopher Jarzynski
Summary: In this study, the energy dynamics of a particle in a billiard under rapid periodic drive is investigated. For large driving frequencies, it is found that the particle's energy evolves diffusively, satisfying a Fokker-Planck equation. The analysis reveals three phases of energy evolution: prethermalization, slow energy absorption according to the Fokker-Planck equation, and breakdown of rapid driving assumption for large energies and high speeds. Numerical simulations support the theoretical results presented.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Wade Hodson, Christopher Jarzynski
Summary: When a Hamiltonian system with a large number of degrees of freedom is rapidly driven by periodic forces, its energy diffuses and eventually reaches a long-lived prethermal state before heating up more rapidly. In systems with a large number of degrees of freedom, energy can be absorbed indefinitely from the drive until an infinite temperature state is reached.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ayoti Patra, Christopher Jarzynski
Summary: In this study, a new method is proposed that overcomes the previous limitation of constructing shortcuts to adiabaticity limited to the ground state, substantially expanding its applicability and demonstrating its effectiveness through numerical simulations. Semiclassical analysis provides insights and establishes a close correspondence to classical fast-forward methods.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2021)