Article
Clinical Neurology
Aleksandra Kiermasz, Magdalena Zapala, Bartosz Zwiernik, Angelika Strek-Cholewinska, Magdalena Machnikowska-Sokolowska, Agnieszka Mizia-Malarz
Summary: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare but significant complication in children with cancer. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and radiological presentation as well as the outcome of PRES in children treated for cancers in a single center. The results showed that out of 1,053 patients diagnosed with malignancies, 19 (1.8%) developed PRES. The diagnosis was accompanied by a range of clinical symptoms including hypertension, seizures, altered mental status, and headaches. 14 out of 19 patients exhibited typical findings consistent with PRES in magnetic resonance imaging. Four patients required treatment in the Intensive Care Unit.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Gunseli Orhun, Serra Sencer, Erdem Tuzun, Nerses Bebek, Perihan Ergin Ozcan, Mehmet Barburoglu, Mehmet Guven Gunver, Figen Esen
Summary: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is often accompanied by neuroimaging findings indicating ischemia, hemorrhage, and edema. This study found the prevalence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in SAE patients and its clinical and neuroimaging features, suggesting that generalized seizures may serve as warning signs for the presence of PRES.
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaobo Fang, Yanling Liang, Weixi Zhang, Qiong Wang, Jingsi Chen, Jia Chen, Yongqiang Lin, Yanli Chen, Li Yu, Haibin Wang, Dunjin Chen
Summary: The study explored the diagnostic and prognostic role of neurofilament light (NFL) in obstetric posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) caused by preeclampsia (PE) or eclampsia. The study found that the NFL level was significantly correlated with edema severity and pregnancy outcome in PRES patients, suggesting that NFL could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for obstetric PRES.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
XiaoQing Cheng, JianRui Li, Ying Lan, Jia Liu, Sui Chen, GuangMing Lu
Summary: There is overlap between the pathogenesis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and cerebrovascular disease, with neuroimaging playing a crucial role in timely identification and differentiation of this entity from other diseases.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Hui Mai, Zhiyu Liang, Zhanhang Chen, Zhaoran Liu, Yaxi Xu, Xuting Chen, Xiujian Du, Yuling Peng, Yonglu Chen, Tianfa Dong
Summary: The incidence of PRES in eclampsia patients was significantly higher than that in preeclampsia patients, with different neuroimaging manifestations, indicating the need for further prospective studies to validate these findings. Modalities of androgens agonists may help to regulate androgen levels.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Nan Zhang, Linfeng Yang, Aiqing Han, Yuanyuan Wang, Guiwu Zhao, Yue Wang, Tao Chen
Summary: Preeclampsia-related reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PE-RPLS) is a common complication of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, occurring after 20 weeks of gestation and leading to brain injury. Severe cases may present with severe headache, seizures, disturbance of consciousness, and other neurological symptoms. PE-RPLS has high morbidity and mortality rates and severely impacts maternal and fetal health. Advances in medical imaging technology have provided important imaging basis for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation, especially MRI findings.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Kiran Hilal, Kumail Khandwala, Nida Sajjad, Raima Kaleemi, Amyn A. Malik, Shazia Mohsin, Shahnaz H. Ibrahim
Summary: The study found no statistically significant association or correlation between blood pressure and either imaging severity or atypical imaging features in children with PRES. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pauline Samia, Nicholas Odero, Maureen Njoroge, Shem Ochieng, Jacqueline Mavuti, Sheila Waa, Samson Gwer
Summary: In a tertiary hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, a study found that up to a third of children with epilepsy who underwent MRI had abnormal findings, including encephalomalacia, cerebral atrophy, and disorders of neuronal migration. Clinical comorbidity and inter-ictal epileptiform activity on EEG were associated with abnormal imaging findings.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tzu-Hsin Huang, Ming-Chi Lai, Yu-Shiue Chen, Chin-Wei Huang
Summary: This review focuses on the fundamentals of DWI and its associated techniques, such as apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion tensor imaging, and tractography, as well as their impact on epilepsy in terms of differential diagnosis, epileptic foci determination, and prognosis prediction.
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Bardiya Ghaderi Yazdi, Jalalledin Hadei, Nazila Malekian
Summary: This is a case report of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in an 18-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus. She presented with seizure and impaired consciousness, and MRI showed edema in multiple brain regions. After treatment, the edema resolved completely.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yi Zhang, Bing Liang, Cuiping Zhao, Yi Zhou, Chuanzhu Yan
Summary: This case report describes a pregnant woman who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) without pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, or any other known causes. The MRI showed diffuse high-signal intensity lesions in the white matter and medulla oblongata. After termination of pregnancy, the patient's symptoms improved and complete recovery was observed at the 6-month follow-up.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Nattha Sanghan, Siriporn Lin, Gawinnart Tartrakoon, Suwanna Setthawatcharawanich, Thanyalak Amornpojnimman, Pornchai Sathirapanya, Rujimas Khumtong, Rattana Leelawattana, Pat Korathanakhun
Summary: Acute symptomatic seizures occurred in half of the patients with PRES, mainly within the first 14 days after PRES onset, and convulsive seizures were the most common type. The occurrence of acute symptomatic seizures was directly associated with preeclampsia and autoimmune disease, while headache showed a reverse association.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Saki Hieda, Naoto Ishimaru, Jun Ohnishi, Shimpei Mizuki, Yohei Kanzawa, Kei Kawano, Takahiro Nakajima, Saori Kinami
Summary: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is a life-threatening diabetic emergency that can lead to altered mental status. This case report highlights a rare concurrent occurrence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome, emphasizing the importance of prompt diagnosis and management.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Xin Chen, Jun-guo Zhao, Bo Gao, Hui Yu, Yun-li Yu, Gui-quan Shen, Alexander M. McKinney
Summary: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological disorder characterized by symptoms such as headache, seizures, confusion, and visual disturbances, with reversible neuroimaging findings in most patients after appropriate treatment. This review summarizes the potential pathophysiology and clinical features of PRES, discusses a multimodal imaging approach, and briefly mentions seizures in pediatric population.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yang Li, Junmin Song, Ahm M. Huq, Suraj Timilsina, M. Eric Gershwin
Summary: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute or subacute neurological symptoms and impaired endothelial barrier function, resulting in reversible bilateral subcortical vasogenic edema. Various predisposing or precipitating conditions, such as hypertension, autoimmune diseases, and certain therapeutic agents, have been identified. The immune activation hypothesis, especially the presence of autoimmunity, plays a significant role in PRES.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Christopher D. Whelan, Sean N. Hatton, Khoa Huynh, Andre Altmann, Mina Ryten, Annamaria Vezzani, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Angelo Labate, Antonio Gambardella, Victoria Ives-Deliperi, Stefano Meletti, Brent C. Munsell, Leonardo Bonilha, Manuela Tondelli, Michael Rebsamen, Christian Rummel, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Roland Wiest, Akshara R. Balachandra, Nuria Bargallo, Emanuele Bartolini, Andrea Bernasconi, Neda Bernasconi, Boris Bernhardt, Benoit Caldairou, Sarah J. A. Carr, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Fernando Cendes, Luis Concha, Patricia M. Desmond, Martin Domin, John S. Duncan, Niels K. Focke, Renzo Guerrini, Khalid Hamandi, Graeme D. Jackson, Neda Jahanshad, Reetta Kalviainen, Simon S. Keller, Peter Kochunov, Magdalena A. Kowalczyk, Barbara A. K. Kreilkamp, Patrick Kwan, Sara Lariviere, Matteo Lenge, Seymour M. Lopez, Pascal Martin, Mario Mascalchi, Jose C. V. Moreira, Marcia E. Morita-Sherman, Heath R. Pardoe, Jose C. Pariente, Kotikalapudi Raviteja, Cristiane S. Rocha, Raul Rodriguez-Cruces, Margitta Seeck, Mira K. H. G. Semmelroch, Benjamin Sinclair, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Dan J. Stein, Pasquale Striano, Peter N. Taylor, Rhys H. Thomas, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Dennis Velakoulis, Lucy Vivash, Bernd Weber, Clarissa Lin Yasuda, Junsong Zhang, Paul M. Thompson, Carrie R. McDonald
Summary: Epilepsy is a common and serious neurological disorder. MRI has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of epilepsy, and the ENIGMA-Epilepsy project aims to strengthen epilepsy research by increasing sample sizes and collaborating with scientists and clinicians.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andre Altmann, Mina Ryten, Martina Di Nunzio, Teresa Ravizza, Daniele Tolomeo, Regina H. Reynolds, Alyma Somani, Marco Bacigaluppi, Valentina Iori, Edoardo Micotti, Rossella Di Sapia, Milica Cerovic, Eleonora Palma, Gabriele Ruffolo, Juan A. Botia, Julie Absil, Saud Alhusaini, Marina K. M. Alvim, Pia Auvinen, Nuria Bargallo, Emanuele Bartolini, Benjamin Bender, Felipe P. G. Bergo, Tauana Bernardes, Andrea Bernasconi, Neda Bernasconi, Boris C. Bernhardt, Karen Blackmon, Barbara Braga, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Anna Calvo, Chad Carlson, Sarah J. A. Carr, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Fernando Cendes, Jian Chen, Shuai Chen, Andrea Cherubini, Luis Concha, Philippe David, Norman Delanty, Chantal Depondt, Orrin Devinsky, Colin P. Doherty, Martin Domin, Niels K. Focke, Sonya Foley, Wendy Franca, Antonio Gambardella, Renzo Guerrini, Khalid Hamandi, Derrek P. Hibar, Dmitry Isaev, Graeme D. Jackson, Neda Jahanshad, Reetta Kalviainen, Simon S. Keller, Peter Kochunov, Raviteja Kotikalapudi, Magdalena A. Kowalczyk, Ruben Kuzniecky, Patrick Kwan, Angelo Labate, Soenke Langner, Matteo Lenge, Min Liu, Pascal Martin, Mario Mascalchi, Stefano Meletti, Marcia E. Morita-Sherman, Terence J. O'Brien, Jose C. Pariente, Mark P. Richardson, Raul Rodriguez-Cruces, Christian Rummel, Taavi Saavalainen, Mira K. Semmelroch, Mariasavina Severino, Pasquale Striano, Thomas Thesen, Rhys H. Thomas, Manuela Tondelli, Domenico Tortora, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Lucy Vivash, Felix Podewils, Jan Wagner, Bernd Weber, Roland Wiest, Clarissa L. Yasuda, Guohao Zhang, Junsong Zhang, Costin Leu, Andreja Avbersek, Maria Thom, Christopher D. Whelan, Paul Thompson, Carrie R. McDonald, Annamaria Vezzani, Sanjay M. Sisodiya
Summary: The study identified elevated fractions of microglia and endothelial cells in regions of reduced cortical thickness, with differentially expressed genes showing enrichment for microglial markers, particularly activated microglial states. Findings suggest that activated microglia may play a role in cortical thinning in epilepsy.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Manuel Cappellari, Valentina Saia, Giovanni Procucci, Fainardi Enrico, Arturo Consoli, Sergio Nappini, Lucio Castellon, Sandra Bracco, Mauro Bergui, Mirco Cosottini, Alessandra Briatico Vangosa, Sergio Vinci, Maria Ruggiero, Edoardo Puglielli, Luigi Chiumarulo, Giacomo Cester, Chiara Comelli, Umberto Silvagni, Daniele Morosetti, Valentina Caldiera, Nicola Cavasin, Valeria Ledda, Giuseppina Sanfilippo, Andrea Saletti, Pietro Filauri, Ivan Gallesio, Nunzio Paolo Nuzzi, Pitero Amista, Cecilia Zivelonghi, Mauro Plebani, Marco Pavia, Daniele Romano, Francesco Biraschi, Roberto Menozzi, Roberto M. Gasparotti, Andrea Giorgianni, Andrea Zini, Domenico Inzitari, Danilo Toni, Salvatore Mangiafico
Summary: The Careggi Collateral Score (CCS) is a helpful tool for predicting outcomes in stroke patients undergoing thrombectomy for middle cerebral artery occlusion. A higher CCS score is associated with better prognosis, with CCS >= 3 being the optimal threshold for predicting excellent outcomes and CCS >= 1 for predicting survival.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Emanuele Bartolini, Raffaella Valenti, Josemir W. Sander
Summary: Patients in a hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state may experience acute symptomatic seizures, with the potential risk of developing non-convulsive status epilepticus and permanent brain damage if not promptly treated.
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrea Santangelo, Emanuele Bartolini, Giulia Nuzzi, Thomas Foiadelli, Alexandre Michev, Tommaso Mina, Irene Trambusti, Valeria Fichera, Alice Bonuccelli, Gabriele Massimetti, Diego G. Peroni, Emanuela De Marco, Luca Coccoli, Laura Luti, Sayla Bernasconi, Margherita Nardi, Maria Cristina Menconi, Gabriella Casazza, Dario Pruna, Rosamaria Mura, Chiara Marra, Daniele Zama, Pasquale Striano, Duccio M. Cordelli, Roberta Battini, Alessandro Orsini
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed clinical, radiological, and laboratory records of 11 patients with SLS. The results showed that SLS is a rare complication of MTX treatment, characterized by symptoms such as hemiplegia, sensory abnormalities, and speech disorders. There is a linear correlation between the severity of the disease and age.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Antonella Riva, Antonietta Coppola, Carlo Di Bonaventura, Maurizio Elia, Edoardo Ferlazzo, Giuseppe Gobbi, Carla Marini, Stefano Meletti, Antonino Romeo, Katia Santoro, Alberto Verrotti, Giuseppe Capovilla, Pasquale Striano
Summary: This article reports the results of a consensus survey among 42 Italian experts on the diagnosis and treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). The study suggests that the disease may have a relatively benign prognosis and there are effective drug treatment options available.
SEIZURE-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPILEPSY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Simona Lattanzi, Laura Canafoglia, Maria Paola Canevini, Sara Casciato, Emanuele Cerulli Irelli, Valentina Chiesa, Filippo Dainese, Giovanni De Maria, Giuseppe Didato, Giancarlo Di Gennaro, Giovanni Falcicchio, Martina Fanella, Edoardo Ferlazzo, Massimo Gangitano, Angela La Neve, Oriano Mecarelli, Elisa Montalenti, Alessandra Morano, Federico Piazza, Chiara Pizzanelli, Patrizia Pulitano, Federica Ranzato, Eleonora Rosati, Laura Tassi, Carlo Di Bonaventura
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive BRV as early or late treatment in patients with focal epilepsy. The results showed that BRV was effective and well tolerated as both early and late adjunctive treatment.
NEUROLOGY AND THERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
E. Bartolini, M. Cosottini, G. Donatelli, M. Tosetti, L. Biagi, R. Battini, R. Guerrini
SEIZURE-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPILEPSY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Stefania Della Vecchia, Diego Lopergolo, Rosanna Trovato, Rosa Pasquariello, Anna Rita Ferrari, Emanuele Bartolini
Summary: This study aims to expand knowledge of epilepsy associated with Cabezas syndrome, finding that CUL4B-associated epilepsy may be drug-resistant and not influenced by mutation types or neuroimaging features.
SEIZURE-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPILEPSY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Galgani, Emanuele Bartolini, Marta D'Amora, Ugo Faraguna, Filippo Sean Giorgi
Summary: The article highlights the potential role of the locus-coeruleus-noradrenergic (LC-NA) system in neurodevelopmental disorders (NdDs). Clinical data suggests the involvement of the LC-NA system in the development of NdDs. A new neuroimaging tool, LC Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), has been developed to visualize the LC in vivo, allowing for the exploration of morphological alterations in NdDs. Further research is needed to fully understand the interplay between the LC-NA system and NdDs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Emanuele Bartolini, Stefania Della Vecchia, Tommaso Biagioni, Domenico Montanaro, Anna Rita Ferrari
Summary: DEPDC5 acts as an upstream repressor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway via the GATOR-1 complex. Pathogenic variants in DEPDC5 can cause familial focal epilepsy with variable foci, which may or may not be accompanied by brain malformations. In this study, a parent-child dyad with the same truncating DEPDC5 pathogenic variant was found to have divergent epilepsy severity and neuroimaging features. The findings suggest that the clinical course and neuroimaging characteristics of DEPDC5-related epilepsies can vary greatly within families, making prognosis challenging.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
E. Bartolini, L. Baldini, F. Casolaro, A. Perruzza, R. Pieri, A. R. Ferrari
SEIZURE-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPILEPSY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Emanuele Bartolini, Anna Rita Ferrari, Simona Fiori, Stefania Della Vecchia
Summary: Cerebral excitability and systemic metabolic balance are closely connected, with glucose playing a critical role in neuronal energy supply. Fluctuations in glucose levels can lead to immediate hyperexcitability and acute symptomatic seizures, while chronic disorders of sugar metabolism are often associated with long-term epilepsy. This paper aims to review the existing knowledge on the association between acute and chronic glycaemic imbalances (hyper- and hypoglycaemia) with seizures and epilepsy, specifically focusing on the developing brain, in order to optimize care for children and adolescents and prevent the development of chronic neurological conditions in young patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sara Gasparini, Edoardo Ferlazzo, Sabrina Neri, Vittoria Cianci, Alfonso Iudice, Francesca Bisulli, Paolo Bonanni, Emanuele Caggia, Alfredo DAniello, Carlo Di Bonaventura, Jacopo C. DiFrancesco, Elisabetta Domina, Fedele Dono, Antonio Gambardella, Carla Marini, Alfonso Marrelli, Sara Matricardi, Alessandra Morano, Francesco Paladin, Rosaria Renna, Pasquale Striano, Angelo Pascarella, Michele Ascoli, Umberto Aguglia
Summary: This study confirms the efficacy and safety of perampanel for the treatment of focal or generalized epilepsy in real-life clinical practice, even in patients with a history of multiple previous antiseizure medications.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bo-yong Park, Sara Lariviere, Raul Rodriguez-Cruces, Jessica Royer, Shahin Tavakol, Yezhou Wang, Lorenzo Caciagli, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Antonio Gambardella, Luis Concha, Simon S. Keller, Fernando Cendes, Marina K. M. Alvim, Clarissa Yasuda, Leonardo Bonilha, Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht, Niels K. Focke, Barbara A. K. Kreilkamp, Martin Domin, Felix von Podewils, Soenke Langner, Christian Rummel, Michael Rebsamen, Roland Wiest, Pascal Martin, Raviteja Kotikalapudi, Benjamin Bender, Terence J. O'Brien, Meng Law, Benjamin Sinclair, Lucy Vivash, Patrick Kwan, Patricia M. Desmond, Charles B. Malpas, Elaine Lui, Saud Alhusaini, Colin P. Doherty, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Norman Delanty, Reetta Kalviainen, Graeme D. Jackson, Magdalena Kowalczyk, Mario Mascalchi, Mira Semmelroch, Rhys H. Thomas, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Esmaeil Davoodi-Bojd, Junsong Zhang, Matteo Lenge, Renzo Guerrini, Emanuele Bartolini, Khalid Hamandi, Sonya Foley, Bernd Weber, Chantal Depondt, Julie Absil, Sarah J. A. Carr, Eugenio Abela, Mark P. Richardson, Orrin Devinsky, Mariasavina Severino, Pasquale Striano, Costanza Parodi, Domenico Tortora, Sean N. Hatton, Sjoerd B. Vos, John S. Duncan, Marian Galovic, Christopher D. Whelan, Nuria Bargallo, Jose Pariente, Estefania Conde-Blanco, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Manuela Tondelli, Stefano Meletti, Xiang-Zhen Kong, Clyde Francks, Simon E. Fisher, Benoit Caldairou, Mina Ryten, Angelo Labate, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Paul M. Thompson, Carrie R. McDonald, Andrea Bernasconi, Neda Bernasconi, Boris C. Bernhardt
Summary: This study compared the spatial distribution of grey matter asymmetry and atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy using the ENIGMA-Epilepsy dataset. The results showed marked differences between the two measures, with asymmetry revealing anomalies in ipsilateral limbic circuits and atrophy displaying diffuse and bilateral patterns. Additionally, cortical atrophy was correlated with disease duration and age at seizure onset.
