Article
Infectious Diseases
Kritsaporn Sujjavorakul, Wasan Katip, Stephen J. Kerr, Noppadol Wacharachaisurapol, Thanyawee Puthanakit
Summary: For the treatment of critically ill patients, it is recommended to achieve the target area under the plasma concentration-time curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) early within the first 24 hours. However, accurately calculating the AUC before steady state is a challenge. This study aimed to estimate AUC using two first-order pharmacokinetic equations and compare them to the actual first dose vancomycin AUC. The equation with compensation for the alpha distribution phase using specific time points showed good agreement and low bias, making it reliable for clinical practice settings.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kazutaka Oda, Yumi Hashiguchi, Toshimi Kimura, Yasuhiro Tsuji, Kensuke Shoji, Yoshiko Takahashi, Kazuaki Matsumoto, Hideki Kawamura, Hideyuki Saito, Yoshio Takesue
Summary: This study validated a newly developed web application, PAT, for estimating AUC of vancomycin. PAT showed the least bias when using two concentrations for estimation, with only 6% of estimations falling outside the acceptable range. Compared to evaluated software, PAT's AUC estimation was unbiased.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Hyun-Ki Kim, Tae-Dong Jeong
Summary: This study evaluated the need for measuring peak and trough concentrations when using the Bayesian approach for therapeutic drug monitoring. The results showed that using only trough concentration for AUC prediction was more effective than using both peak and trough concentrations. Therefore, the practical value of peak sampling for AUC-guided dosing needs further investigation.
ANNALS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yuta Ibe, Tomoyuki Ishigo, Satoshi Fujii, Satoshi Takahashi, Masahide Fukudo, Hideki Sato
Summary: This study investigated the factors influencing the achievement of the target area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of vancomycin in critically ill patients. The results showed that patients in the two-point blood collection group were more likely to achieve the target AUC compared to those in the one-point blood collection group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that being in the two-point group and having a 20% or more increase (or decrease) in creatinine clearance were significantly associated with the success rate of achieving the target AUC. These findings have important clinical implications.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Unyime Israel Eshiet, Chukwuemeka Ubaka, Nneka Igboeli
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of pharmaceutical care services on antiepileptic drug tolerability among patients living with epilepsy. The study found that pharmaceutical care intervention significantly improved tolerability of antiepileptic drugs among patients.
PSYCHOLOGY HEALTH & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Eleni Aklillu, Alimuddin Zumla, Abiy Habtewold, Wondwossen Amogne, Eyasu Makonnen, Getnet Yimer, Juergen Burhenne, Ulf Diczfalusy
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of efavirenz/rifampicin co-treatment and time of ART initiation on CYP3A induction in TB-HIV co-infected patients. Rifampicin induced CYP3A more potently than efavirenz, with maximum induction occurring within the first 4 weeks of rifampicin therapy. The time of ART initiation during anti-TB therapy did not significantly affect CYP3A induction.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nicole M. Ondrush, Rejs Ademovic, Robert W. Seabury, William Darko, Christopher D. Miller, Bryan T. Mogle
Summary: This study compared the AUC(24) estimates from two online, open-access, single-concentration vancomycin calculators with the two-point pharmacokinetic (2PK) method. The results showed that these online calculators had some bias and imprecision compared to the 2PK method.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Philippe Ryvlin, Svetlana Dimova, Sami Elmoufti, Florin Floricel, Cedric Laloyaux, Xavier Nondonfaz, Victor Biton
Summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adjunctive brivaracetam (BRV) in patients on one or two concomitant antiseizure medications (ASMs) or one specific concomitant ASM. The results showed that BRV was effective and well-tolerated regardless of the number of concomitant ASMs or specific concomitant ASM.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siyuan Xu, Jie Wang, Jian Dong
Summary: Macromolecular crowding affects enzyme catalysis kinetics. The quantitative relationship between the interaction of enzymes with neighboring macromolecules and crowding effect on enzyme catalysis was investigated. The study focused on the crowding effects of dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on glucose oxidase (GOx). Results from fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence quenching analysis showed strong interaction between dextran and GOx, with dextran-GOx association being stronger than PEG-GOx association. Dextrans at concentrations above or below their chain overlap concentrations (c*) significantly reduced Michaelis constants (Km) of GOx catalysis and increased enzymatic efficiency (kcat/Km). Strong association with dextran resulted in slow turnover rates (kcat), while intermediate crowding with weak to moderate affinity to the enzyme enhanced turnover rates higher than in the free state. Catalysis under crowded conditions is a result of enzyme-crowder nonspecific interaction, volume exclusion, and overlap condition of the crowders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Aseel K. AbuSara, Deema H. Abdelrahman, Khader Habash, Mohammad H. Al-Shaer, Jennifer Le, Lama H. Nazer
Summary: The updated vancomycin guideline and recent studies suggest that trough concentrations may lead to excessive dosing and nephrotoxicity. This study compares the two methods in critically ill cancer patients and finds that over two-thirds of the patients have trough concentrations below the targeted goal. Augmented renal clearance is associated with AUC below the targeted goal.
PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xinghu Fu, Xiqing Cao, Zizhen Fu, Zhexu Huang, Wa Jin, Guangwei Fu, Weihong Bi
Summary: A method for measuring antiepileptic drug concentrations based on Raman spectroscopy and an optimization algorithm for mathematical models is proposed and investigated. The study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms can be a potential tool for drug concentration prediction.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Abdullah Alsultan, Ahmed A. Albassam, Abdullah Alturki, Abdulrahman Alsultan, Mohammed Essa, Bader Almuzzaini, Salman Alfadhel
Summary: This study aimed to predict the steady state AUC for busulfan using Bayesian pharmacokinetic parameters estimated from the first dose. The results showed that first dose concentrations cannot accurately predict steady state busulfan concentrations, suggesting the need for follow-up therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yazed Saleh Alsowaida, David W. Kubiak, Brandon Dionne, Mary P. Kovacevic, Jeffrey C. Pearson
Summary: This study compared the efficiency of Bayesian modeling software and first-order PK equations in calculating vancomycin AUC, finding that Bayesian software was more time-consuming without electronic health record integration, but more efficient after integration. Vancomycin concentrations were more likely to be usable for calculations in the Bayesian group.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Changhee Ha, Hyun-Seung Lee, Eun Yeon Joo, Young-Min Shon, Seung Bong Hong, Dae-Won Seo, Soo-Youn Lee
Summary: The study investigated the therapeutic drug monitoring of Levetiracetam in Korean epilepsy patients, revealing a large inter-individual difference in its pharmacokinetics and its susceptibility to EIAEDs. There was a strong correlation between weight-adjusted Levetiracetam dosage and concentrations.
Article
Immunology
Sarah C. J. Jorgensen, Brad Spellberg, Andrew F. Shorr, William F. Wright
Summary: In this analysis, the methodological weaknesses and inconsistencies in the data surrounding therapeutic drug monitoring based on vancomycin 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve are highlighted. It is suggested that alternative strategies, such as antibiotic stewardship and achieving earlier and more complete source control, may be more effective with superior safety and efficacy outcomes. The implementation of AUC(24)-based therapeutic drug monitoring may divert resources away from these more promising alternative solutions, as the supporting data for vancomycin AUC(24) monitoring are insufficient and lack convincing evidence of benefit.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)