Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Neal A. Chatterjee, Jagmeet P. Singh
Summary: The autonomic nervous system plays a critical role in both health and cardiovascular disease, particularly in the pathogenesis of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Understanding of ANS anatomy and physiology has expanded, leading to a growing armamentarium of therapeutic strategies for autonomic modulation in contemporary clinical practice. Future challenges and opportunities for ANS therapeutics are also being framed in light of evolving insights.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hakan Kaya, Arif Suner, Mehtap Koparal, S. Cem Yucetas, Safiye Kafadar
Summary: The study revealed that patients with tinnitus showed significantly higher values in various ventricular arrhythmia indexes, suggesting a potential increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias in this population.
BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Long Li
Summary: Heart failure is a significant global public health issue, with coronary heart disease-induced HF being the most common type, accounting for over 50%. Cardiac sympathetic overactivation is a major cause of mortality in HF patients and involves complex regulatory mechanisms at multiple levels of the nervous system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Andy Schumann, Feliberto de la Cruz, Stefanie Koehler, Lisa Brotte, Karl-Juergen Baer
Summary: This study investigated the impact of an 8-week HRV-biofeedback intervention on functional brain connectivity in healthy subjects. The results showed that increased heart rate variability induced by HRV-biofeedback was accompanied by changes in functional brain connectivity during resting state, particularly in the VMPFC and other brain regions such as the insula, amygdala, and prefrontal regions. The findings suggest that HRV biofeedback can enhance brain connectivity and may have implications for stress and emotion regulation.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Shanks, Rohit Ramchandra
Summary: The RAAS plays a critical role in modulating the parasympathetic nervous system, particularly in the context of hypertension. Ang II influences cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating vagal activity. The inhibitory effect on cardiac vagal tone by RAAS and the impact of Ang II on arterial baroreflex function are important areas of research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sidhartha G. Senapati, Aditi K. Bhanushali, Simmy Lahori, Mridula Sree Naagendran, Shreya Sriram, Arghyadeep Ganguly, Mounika Pusa, Devanshi N. Damani, Kanchan Kulkarni, Shivaram P. Arunachalam
Summary: The interplay between neurology and cardiology has gained attention in recent years, and the use of neuro-cardiac electrophysiology mapping and artificial intelligence has the potential to uncover the connections between the brain and heart and improve the management of epilepsy and arrhythmias.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lindsey F. Berthelsen, Andrew J. M. Douglas, Tony G. Dawkins, Bryony A. Curry, Daniel Philips, Abbas Zaidi, Zaheer Yousef, Mike Stembridge, Craig D. Steinback
Summary: Apnea elicits activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, affecting cardiac control. Endurance training may increase vagal tone and make athletes more susceptible to arrhythmias during apnea, while untrained individuals may only develop arrhythmias under autonomic conflict.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lindsey F. Berthelsen, Andrew J. M. Douglas, Tony G. Dawkins, Bryony A. Curry, Daniel Philips, Abbas Zaidi, Zaheer Yousef, Mike Stembridge, Craig D. Steinback
Summary: Apnea elicits sympathetic and parasympathetic co-activation, affecting cardiac control. Endurance training increases parasympathetic tone and is a risk factor for arrhythmias. This study investigated the influence of vagal tone on arrhythmias during apnea in trained athletes.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lisa Y. W. Tang, Nathaniel M. Hawkins, Kendall Ho, Roger Tam, Marc W. Deyell, Laurent Macle, Atul Verma, Paul Khairy, Robert Sheldon, Jason G. Andrade
Summary: This study found that patients with drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation undergoing pulmonary vein isolation using advanced ablation technologies experienced significant sustained changes in heart rate parameters related to autonomic function, which were correlated with procedural outcomes and independent of the ablation technology used.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Alexandra R. Tabachnick, Rina Das Eiden, Madelyn H. Labella, Mary Dozier
Summary: Prenatal opioid exposure can have unique effects on the developing autonomic nervous system, depending on the subtype and timing of exposure. This study examined the effects of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) and other opioids on infant autonomic nervous system activity at six months of age, considering other substance exposure. The results highlight the importance of understanding the impact of prenatal opioid exposure on the stress response system.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Karlee J. Hall, Karen Van Ooteghem, William E. Mcilroy
Summary: Recent advances in postural control research have shown that emotional state, autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, and somatic nervous system (somatic NS) activity are all linked to the regulation of posture. The influence of emotional state on postural control is likely due to the limbic system's important role in controlling the ANS/somatic NS networks. This review explores the neurofunctional connections between the ANS and somatic NS, and discusses how disordered emotional state and ANS processing can affect postural control.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takashi Yamamoto, Haruno Mizuta, Kayoko Ueji
Summary: This study utilized artificial intelligence technology to analyze facial expressions as an objective method for evaluating food and beverage hedonics, showing a good correlation between predicted hedonic ratings based on emotional facial expressions and perceived ratings.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yuhong Wang, Wanli Jiang, Hu Chen, Huixin Zhou, Zhihao Liu, Zihan Liu, Zhihao Liu, Yuyang Zhou, Xiaoya Zhou, Lilei Yu, Hong Jiang
Summary: Circadian disruption may facilitate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by activating the sympathetic nervous system, leading to reduced cardiac function, increased left ventricular volume, and exacerbated cardiac fibrosis. Modulating sympathetic activity through designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs technique can alleviate the disruption-related cardiac dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hanall Lee, Joon Ho Lee, Moon-Hyon Hwang, Nyeonju Kang
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the potential effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols on cardiovascular autonomic system (ANS) control. The results showed that applying excitatory and inhibitory rTMS protocols can significantly improve cardiovascular ANS control, reducing blood pressure and heart rate changes, and significantly improving heart rate variability. These improvements were observed when applying either excitatory rTMS protocols to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or inhibitory rTMS protocols to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Overall, these findings suggest that applying excitatory and inhibitory rTMS protocols on prefrontal cortical regions may be effective in improving cardiovascular ANS control.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Hao Hong, Xin Cao, Tian Deng, Xiang-Min Meng, Yu-Meng Li, Li-Juan Zhu, Jing Lv, Xuan Li, Shu-Guang Yu, Bing-Mei Zhu
Summary: This study suggests that acupuncture at the PC6 acupoint can effectively reduce the incidence of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) after myocardial infarction and improve cardiac systolic function. This antiarrhythmic effect may be achieved by suppressing inflammation-induced fibrosis and sympathetic hyperactivity.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rachel Irizarry, Daniel Sukato, Richard Kollmar, Samuel Schild, Joshua Silverman, Krishnamurthi Sundaram, Stacy Stephenson, Mark Stewart
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Harumi Hotta, Harue Suzuki, Tomio Inoue, Mark Stewart
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
S. Mooney, R. Kollmar, R. Gurevich, J. Tromblee, A. Banerjee, K. Sundaram, J. B. Silverman, M. Stewart
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Isaac Naggar, Mark Stewart, Rena Orman
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mark Stewart, Joshua B. Silverman, Krishnamurthi Sundaram, Richard Kollmar
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Michael Lucchesi, Joshua B. Silverman, Krishnamurthi Sundaram, Richard Kollmar, Mark Stewart
Summary: SUDEP is the leading cause of death in young adults with uncontrolled seizures, and evidence suggests a consistent sequence of events that starts with sudden airway occlusion. Enhancing seizure first aid through early oxygen administration and prompt CPR can help prevent death in potential SUDEP cases by recognizing airway occlusion and the need for resuscitation.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Mark Stewart
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Timothy Morello, Richard Kollmar, Abdessamad Ramzaoui, Mark Stewart, Rena Orman
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of calcium-binding proteins in the claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus of the fruit bat. The results showed that the claustrum is more complex than previously thought, with at least four distinct subregions within its shell. Different calcium-binding proteins label different types of neurons in both the claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus, and there are significant differences in inhibitory connectivity between subregions.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mark Stewart, Timothy Morello, Richard Kollmar, Rena Orman
Summary: With the increasing average human lifespan, the impact of neurodegenerative diseases on individuals and communities has grown, leading to the exploration of animal models such as the long-lived Seba's short-tailed fruit bat, Carollia perspicillata, for research on brain aging and neurodegeneration. This bat species shows anatomical similarities to primate and human hippocampal formation, offering unique advantages for studying these conditions through captive colony studies.
Review
Neurosciences
Isaac Naggar, Kenichi Sakamoto, Shelly Jones, Mark Stewart
Summary: Activity in both divisions of the autonomic nervous system can increase during seizures, leading to changes in heart rate. The patterns of ANS activity during seizures can impact the severity and outcome of the seizures.
AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Timothy Morello, Richard Kollmar, Mark Stewart, Rena Orman
Summary: The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is a brain region involved in crucial cognitive functions and commonly affected in neurodegenerative diseases. This study identified distinct distributions and marker proteins in subregions of RSC, suggesting the potential of using bat RSC as a model for studying age-related neurodegeneration.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jose L. Vega, Barry R. Komisaruk, Mark Stewart
Summary: During physiological stress responses, such as exercise and emotional states, the nervous system releases catecholamines which prepare the body for survival. This response also leads to a temporary increase in white blood cells due to the shear forces exerted by rapid blood flow. Seizures can also cause similar increases in catecholamines and white blood cells. This review discusses the history, kinetics, physiology, and clinical significance of post-seizure leukocyte elevations.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Mark Stewart, Anthony R. Bain
Summary: Breath holding divers demonstrate remarkable voluntary control over involuntary respiratory movements. An electromyographic (EMG) signal extracted from ECG recordings from experienced breath holding divers can complement plethysmography during breath holds and may help quantify involuntary effort.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yolene Gousse, Tracey E. Wilson, Davin McFarlane, Ruth C. Browne, Marilyn Fraser, Diana Yusim, Mark Stewart, Moro O. Salifu, Michael A. Joseph
Summary: In the U.S., Black men have high HIV infection rates but low testing rates. This study found that foreign-born men have lower HIV testing rates, and those who have been tested have lower stigma and greater HIV knowledge compared to those who have not been tested.
JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
LeConte J. Dill, Yolene Gousse, Kimberly Huggins, Marilyn A. Fraser, Ruth C. Browne, Mark Stewart, Moro Salifu, Michael A. Joseph, Tracey E. Wilson
HEALTH PROMOTION PRACTICE
(2020)