Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Kaosheng Lv, Wei Tong
Summary: The novel role of Bmi1 in regulating ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in hematopoietic stem cells has been discovered. Bmi1 is essential for maintaining HSCs, and its deficiency leads to reduced transplantability and protein stress.
GENES & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Rebecca J. Burgess, Zhiyu Zhao, Daisuke Nakada, Sean J. Morrison
Summary: The study showed that deficiency of Bmi1 leads to increased division of HSCs without inducing senescence. Bmi1 promotes HSC quiescence by negatively regulating ARX expression and promoting proteostasis by suppressing protein synthesis.
GENES & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Manuel Pedro Jimenez-Garcia, Antonio Lucena-Cacace, Daniel Otero-Albiol, Amancio Carnero
Summary: EMX1 and EMX2 genes act as tumor suppressors in sarcomas by repressing the activity of stem cell regulatory genes, thus inhibiting cell malignancy and stemness. Their downregulation leads to more aggressive tumors with higher stem cell gene expression, suggesting a generalized behavior in regulating proliferation of neural crest-derived progenitors.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Gamze Ayaz, Hualong Yan, Navdeep Malik, Jing Huang
Summary: The TP53 gene encodes the p53 protein, a tumor suppressor that plays a crucial role in maintaining genome stability. Recent studies have found that p53 is a critical regulator of pluripotency, self-renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and genome stability in embryonic stem cells.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Se-Ra Park, Seong-Kwan Kim, Soo-Rim Kim, Wook-Joon Yu, Seung-Jin Lee, Hwa-Yong Lee
Summary: Smoking has harmful effects on female fertility by inhibiting the functions of resident endometrial stem cells. Exposure to cigarette smoke extracts significantly suppresses various tissue regeneration-associated functions of endometrial stem cells by activating the SERPINB2 gene. Knockdown of SERPINB2 effectively abolishes the inhibitory effects of cigarette smoke on endometrial stem cell functions.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Warunya Chakritbudsabong, Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan, Ladawan Sariya, Sirikron Pamonsupornvichit, Joao N. Ferreira, Panithi Sukho, Dulyatad Gronsang, Theerawat Tharasanit, Andras Dinnyes, Sasitorn Rungarunlert
Summary: In addition to the four transcription factors, LIN28 is required for the effective induction of piPSCs and the maintenance of their long-term self-renewal and pluripotency towards the development of all germ layers.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jerry Hung-Hao Lo, Miguel Edwards, Justin Langerman, Rupa Sridharan, Kathrin Plath, Stephen T. Smale
Summary: By examining dynamic ranges of gene expression, the authors found that Oct4 and Sox2 binding is enriched near genes with large dynamic ranges of expression. Their results suggest that Oct4 and Sox2 directly establish both active and silent transcriptional states in pluripotent cells at a large number of genes subject to dynamic regulation.
GENES & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Amit Kumar, Kirtikumar R. Kondhare, Nilam N. Malankar, Anjan K. Banerjee
Summary: In plants, Polycomb repressive complex (PRC) group proteins like StE(z)2 regulate the expression of key tuberization genes and influence tuber yield. Short-day photoperiod affects the expression of StE(z)2 in leaves and stolons. Overexpression of StE(z)2 alters plant architecture and reduces tuber yield, while its knockdown enhances yield.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Letter
Cell Biology
Jakob V. Kanne, Masaki Ishikawa, Simon Bressendorff, Jeppe Ansbol, Mitsuyasu Hasebe, Eleazar Rodriguez, Morten Petersen
Summary: Animal and plant somatic cells have the ability to switch states or reprogram into stem cells to adapt to stress and injury, a process that requires macroautophagy/autophagy. Overexpression of ATG8/LC3 in the moss Physcomitrium patens enhances the ability of somatic cells to reprogram into stem cells when subjected to severe wounding, indicating that autophagy not only facilitates cell dedifferentiation but also increases their competence to do so.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sheng Li, Leilei Zhang, Guoan Zhang, Guoqiang Shangguan, Xitan Hou, Wanglin Duan, Yan Xi, Nan Xu, Bowen Zhang, Junli Dong, Yequan Wang, Wen Cui, Su Chen
Summary: Autophagy is a crucial biological process for maintaining cell homeostasis, with levels usually lower under normal conditions but still with important regulatory factors present. A study revealed that the autophagy-related protein ATG5 regulates c-Myc protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in normal conditions, limiting cell growth and playing a key role in embryonic stem cell differentiation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chao Liu, Lingang Sun, Yijun Tan, Qi Wang, Tao Luo, Chenlu Li, Nan Yao, Yuting Xie, Xiao Yi, Yi Zhu, Tiannan Guo, Junfeng Ji
Summary: USP7 plays an important role in maintaining the identity of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) by regulating the transcriptional network. It represses lineage differentiation genes through both catalytic activity-dependent and -independent mechanisms, and stabilizes the transcription factor SOX2 to suppress the expression of mesoendodermal lineage genes. Additionally, it contributes to Polycomb chromatin-mediated repression of lineage genes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ngai Ting Chan, Junfeng Huang, Gui Ma, Hao Zeng, Kristine Donahue, Yidan Wang, Lingjun Li, Wei Xu
Summary: CTR9 is a scaffold subunit in PAFc complex and plays a crucial role in controlling H3K27me3 levels and genomic distribution mediated by PRC2. Loss of CTR9 leads to increased H3K27me3 levels, expanded recruitment of PRC2 on chromatin, and a shift from less active PRC2.2 to more active PRC2.1, resulting in hypersensitivity of breast cancer cells to PRC2 inhibitors.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Sylwia Mazurek, Urszula Oleksiewicz, Patrycja Czerwinska, Joanna Wroblewska, Marta Klimczak, Maciej Wiznerowicz
Summary: TRIM28, a multi-domain protein, plays a crucial role in the development of mouse embryos and the maintenance of stem cells' self-renewal potential. The RING and PHD domains are essential for regulating pluripotency in hiPSC, with mutations leading to loss of stem cell phenotypes and downregulation of key signaling pathways. The potential use of TRIM28's RING and PHD domains as targets in cancer therapy is suggested by the downregulation of genes associated with tumor metastasis in iPSC with disrupted functions of these domains.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sachin Pundhir, Jinyu Su, Marta Tapia, Anne Meldgaard Hansen, James Seymour Haile, Klaus Hansen, Bo Torben Porse
Summary: SWI/SNF and NuRD protein complexes antagonistically regulate DNA accessibility, but inhibiting their activities often leads to unexpected changes in target gene expression (paradoxical). This study reveals that SWI/SNF and NuRD engage in a tug-of-war to regulate PRC2 occupancy at lowly expressed and bivalent genes in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Furthermore, they antagonistically modulate RNA polymerase II (Pol II) release kinetics at promoters of average or highly expressed genes, resulting in paradoxical changes in gene expression due to alterations in H3.3 and H2A.Z levels at promoter-flanking nucleosomes. The relative activities of these remodelers potentiate gene promoters towards Pol II-dependent open or PRC2-dependent closed chromatin states, with RNA Pol II occupancy playing a key role in determining the direction of gene expression changes in response to SWI/SNF and NuRD inactivation at gene promoters in mESCs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alyssa M. Kaiser, Alberto Gatto, Kathryn J. Hanson, Richard L. Zhao, Nitin Raj, Michael G. Ozawa, Jose A. Seoane, Kathryn T. Bieging-Rolett, Mengxiong Wang, Irene Li, Winston L. Trope, Douglas Z. Liou, Joseph B. Shrager, Sylvia K. Plevritis, Aaron M. Newman, Capucine Van Rechem, Laura D. Attardi
Summary: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and mutations in the TP53 gene are linked to poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs). This study reveals that p53 suppresses LUAD by promoting alveolar type 1 (AT1) differentiation. Through direct DNA binding, chromatin remodeling, and induction of AT1 cell characteristic genes, p53 induces an AT1 differentiation program during tumor suppression. Additionally, p53 plays a role in alveolar regeneration after injury by regulating AT2 cell self-renewal and promoting transitional cell differentiation into AT1 cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amy S. Farrell, Carl Pelz, Xiaoyan Wang, Colin J. Daniel, Zhiping Wang, Yulong Su, Mahnaz Janghorban, Xiaoli Zhang, Charlie Morgan, Soren Impey, Rosalie C. Sears
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY
(2013)
