Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alison Bain, Kunal Ghosh, Nonne L. Prisle, Bryan R. Bzdek
Summary: The surface-area-to-volume ratio of aerosol droplets is found to be the key factor in determining droplet surface tension, rather than differences in surfactant properties. This finding has important implications for studying chemical reactions on aerosol droplet surfaces and estimating their activation to cloud droplets.
ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shinnosuke Ishizuka, Oliver Reich, Gregory David, Ruth Signorell
Summary: Due to their small size, micrometer- and submicrometer-sized solution droplets exhibit different responses to physical and chemical processes compared to bulk materials. In this study, we use optically trapped micrometer-sized aqueous glycine droplets to demonstrate a photo-induced degradation of glycine upon visible light irradiation. This degradation is characterized by the shrinking of the droplet, which is analyzed through elastic light scattering and Raman spectroscopy. The presence of mesoscopic glycine clusters in the droplet solution is identified as the rate-limiting photo-catalyst. This finding suggests that light interaction with mesoscopic photoactive molecular aggregates may play a more significant role in aerosol photochemistry than previously anticipated.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Xianzhao Song, Guangling Chen, Qiming Xu, Bin Li, Dan Zhang, Lifeng Xie, Mingyang Wang
Summary: In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the interaction between droplets and a vortex ring after a shock wave. Two stages of interaction were observed, including droplet-shock wave interaction and droplet-vortex ring interaction. The results show that the centrifugal force caused by rotation can lead to droplet deformation and fragmentation, but higher viscosity impedes this effect. The findings provide valuable insights into droplet breakup in internal combustion engines and other industrial operations.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Anu V. S. Nath, Anubhab Roy, Rama Govindarajan, S. Ravichandran
Summary: We study the effect of phase change and thermal noise on particle transport in turbulent flows. By using a toy model, we find that heavy particles are centrifuged out of high vorticity regions and into high strain regions. In cellular flows, droplets with small Stokes numbers remain trapped in vortices, while larger droplets move ballistically away from their original positions. The imposition of thermal noise or a finite condensation rate allows droplets with small Stokes numbers to leave their initial vortices. Thermal noise becomes negligible for growing droplets and they achieve ballistic motion when their Stokes numbers reach O(1). Before reaching the ballistic state, droplets move diffusively away from their initial vortices in the presence of thermal noise.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Claresta Joe-Wong, Richard D. Schaller, Benjamin Gilbert
Summary: The photochemical oxidation of dissolved organic matter plays an important role in the carbon cycling in surface waters. The photo-oxidation of iron(III)-carboxylate complexes is of interest due to its sensitization to photodecarboxylation. This study demonstrates that Fe(III)-citrate and Fe(III)-salicylate follow the same photo-oxidation kinetics as ferrioxalate, suggesting a common mechanism for decarboxylation of iron hydroxy carbonates. The differences in CO2 yield within 50 ps are similar to the long-time-scale quantum yield for Fe(II) production.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Evelyne A. Parmentier, Pablo Corral Arroyo, Richard Gruseck, Loren Ban, Gregory David, Ruth Signorell
Summary: The influence of electric charges on the photodegradation of oleic acid droplets was investigated, and it was found that the charge did not affect the chemical composition or kinetics.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
G. Magnusson, A. Dubey, R. Kearney, G. P. Bewley, B. Mehlig
Summary: We have shown that the motion of charged water droplets in still air is influenced by hydrodynamic interactions, particle and fluid inertia, and electrostatic forces. When the droplets have opposite charges of sufficient magnitude, a stable manifold of a saddle point acts as a separator for colliding and non-colliding trajectories. Our experimental data and numerical model, which take into account gravity, particle inertia, hydrodynamic interactions, fluid inertia, and Coulomb interactions, yield consistent results. These findings indicate that the breakdown of hydrodynamics at small distances does not affect collision outcomes for highly charged droplets.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Hua Fan, Jiayi Zhang, Siming Zuo, Qiang Hu, Quanyuan Feng, Hadi Heidari
Summary: The Hall sensor array system for magnetic field detection and analysis utilizes X-FAB 0.18 μm CMOS technology to detect metal particles as small as 2 μm in diameter. The microsystem, based on STM32, combines hardware and software design to achieve real-time display and parameter adjustment. Compared to previous systems, the portability, cost, and efficiency have been significantly improved for rapid measurement of heavy metal particles.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
S. Ravichandran, Rama Govindarajan
Summary: This article investigates the dynamics of small inertial particles centrifuging out of a single vortex. It highlights the importance of caustics formation near a single vortex for particle collisions and void formation. The study provides estimates of the role of caustics in high Reynolds number turbulence and its potential impact on rain initiation in clouds. Additionally, it discusses the calculation of the Basset-Boussinesq history force and its possible significance for droplets in turbulence, as well as how phase change can affect cloud turbulence differently from turbulence in other situations.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Judith Kleinheins, Alexei Kiselev, Alice Keinert, Matthias Kind, Thomas Leisner
Summary: The freezing process of supercooled water droplets is a dynamic event that can lead to pressure build-up and release, potentially generating secondary ice particles. Research shows that droplets freezing under free-fall conditions experience more frequent pressure release events, and that natural sea salt content does not inhibit pressure build-up inside freezing droplets.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Longqian Wang, Kejian Li, Yangyang Liu, Kedong Gong, Juan Liu, Jianpeng Ao, Qiuyue Ge, Wei Wang, Minbiao Ji, Liwu Zhang
Summary: Fe(III)-oxalate complexes are commonly found in atmospheric environments, releasing reactive oxygen species under light irradiation. However, their role in aerosol droplets has not been well understood. This study reveals that Fe(III)-oxalate produces significantly more OH radicals and enhances the photo-oxidation of SO2 in aerosol microdroplets compared to bulk-phase conditions. Droplet effects, including efficient reactants and mass transfer, contribute to the accelerated formation of OH radicals and sulfate. These findings emphasize the importance of considering droplet effects in atmospheric laboratory studies and model simulations.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pengyang Zhang, Yucheng Wang, Yuzhe You, Jiayin Yuan, Zhiyou Zhou, Shigang Sun
Summary: The main generation pathway of (OH)-O· radical during the acidic ORR was identified as the electrochemical reduction of H2O2 process, but a third unknown pathway appeared above 30 degrees Celsius, which provides a basis for developing radical elimination strategies to stabilize Fe/N/C ORR catalysts or catalyst layers in PEMFCs in the future.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinping Yang, Keding Lu, Xuefei Ma, Yanhui Liu, Haichao Wang, Renzhi Hu, Xin Li, Shengrong Lou, Shiyi Chen, Huabin Dong, Fengyang Wang, Yihui Wang, Guoxian Zhang, Shule Li, Suding Yang, Yiming Yang, Cailing Kuang, Zhaofeng Tan, Xiaorui Chen, Peipei Qiu, Limin Zeng, Pinhua Xie, Yuanhang Zhang
Summary: This study presents the first continuous measurements of ambient OH and HO2 radicals in a suburban site in Chengdu, Southwest China. The analysis shows a discrepancy between the observed and modeled OH concentrations, which could be improved by adding an additional species X into the model. Additionally, the model was able to reproduce the observed HO2 concentrations but discrepancies were found in sensitivity runs with HO2 heterogeneous uptake.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Pedro P. S. Cavalcanti, Horacio A. Petit, Anderson D. Thomazini, Rodrigo M. de Carvalho, Luis Marcelo Tavares
Summary: The study investigates mechanical degradation of iron ore pellets using a pneumatic gun device, finding that body breakage probability is influenced by the normal component of impact, and mass loss due to surface breakage can be well described by a model. Parameters affecting pellet breakage were estimated from data, and the model was validated successfully.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
M. H. Jayan S. Karunarathna, Abigail N. Linhart, Giuseppe E. Giammanco, Amie E. Norton, Jackson J. Chory, Jason J. Keleher, Alexis D. Ostrowski
Summary: The coordination of Fe(III) to carboxylates in polyuronic acid hydrogels enabled photochemical reactivity, leading to the creation of polysaccharide-based hydrogels with advanced mechanical and conductive properties. This simple photochemical reaction of blue light irradiation of Fe(III) coordinated to polyuronic acids allowed for the formation of either layered hydrogels with different stiffness and hydrophobicity or hybrid conductive hydrogels.
ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Torsten Berndt, Jing Chen, Eva R. Kjaergaard, Kristian H. Moller, Andreas Tilgner, Erik H. Hoffmann, Hartmut Herrmann, John D. Crounse, Paul O. Wennberg, Henrik G. Kjaergaard
Summary: This study reports the direct observation of ROOOH formation from several atmospherically relevant RO2 radicals. Kinetic analysis confirms rapid formation of ROOOH through the reaction of RO2 with OH. The atmospheric lifetime of ROOOH is estimated to be minutes to hours. Hydrotrioxides represent a previously omitted substance class in the atmosphere, and further examination of their impact is necessary.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
M. L. Luttkus, E. H. Hoffmann, L. Poulain, A. Tilgner, R. Wolke
Summary: The relationships between vegetation and air quality are intricate and still not fully understood. This study emphasizes the importance of detailed land use information, extended organic chemistry treatment, and high spatial resolution for air quality assessments.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yanhong Zhu, Andreas Tilgner, Hartmut Herrmann, Lingxiao Yang, Erik Hans Hoffmann, Kimitaka Kawamura, Likun Xue, Wenxing Wang
Summary: Field measurements of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in PM2.5 were conducted in Tuoji Island, China. The concentrations were found to be strongly influenced by the East Asian continental outflow and the air parcel's residence time in the polluted boundary layer. The results also revealed that secondary sources were dominant, while biomass and plastic waste burning were significant primary sources.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Dubravka Smiljkovic, Harald Herrmann, Irina Sadovnik, Susanne Gamperl, Daniela Berger, Gabriele Stefanzl, Gregor Eisenwort, Gregor Hoermann, Sonja Kopanja, Yulia Dorofeeva, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Peter Jaksch, Konrad Hoetzenecker, Zsolt Szepfalusi, Rudolf Valenta, Michel Arock, Peter Valent
Summary: Siglec-6 is identified as a surface antigen specifically expressed on human MC and basophils. Its expression is dynamically regulated and varies depending on cell types and activation factors. Understanding the expression changes of Siglec-6 provides insights into the function of MC and basophils in allergic reactions.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Matthias Moll, Harald Herrmann, Alexandru Zaharie, Gregor Goldner
Summary: This study describes a local radio-oncologic treatment for patients with prostate cancer metastasized to either the lymph nodes or distant regions. Results showed that patients with distant metastases had significantly worse outcomes compared to patients with lymph node metastases.
STRAHLENTHERAPIE UND ONKOLOGIE
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Daniel Ivanov, Jelena D. Milosevic Feenstra, Irina Sadovnik, Harald Herrmann, Barbara Peter, Michael Willmann, Georg Greiner, Katharina Slavnitsch, Emir Hadzijusufovic, Thomas Ruelicke, Maik Dahlhoff, Gregor Hoermann, Sigrid Machherndl-Spandl, Gregor Eisenwort, Michael Fillitz, Thamer Sliwa, Maria-Theresa Krauth, Peter Bettelheim, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Elisabeth Koller, Michael Pfeilstoecker, Heinz Gisslinger, Felix Keil, Robert Kralovics, Peter Valent
Summary: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are characterized by uncontrolled expansion of myeloid cells, disease-related mutations in certain driver-genes including JAK2, CALR, and MPL, and a substantial risk to progress to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). The phenotype of putative CD34(+)/CD38(-) stem cells and CD34(+)/CD38(+) progenitor cells in MPN were established. MPN stem cells display a unique phenotype, including cytokine receptors, immune checkpoint molecules, and other clinically relevant target antigens. The disease-initiating capacity of putative MPN stem cells was confirmed in NSGS mice. Phenotypic characterization of neoplastic stem cells in MPN and sAML should facilitate their enrichment and the development of stem cell-eradicating (curative) therapies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Christopher Paschen, Matthias Moll, Gabriela Altorjai, Manfred Hecking, Thorsten Fuereder, Joachim Widder, Harald Herrmann
Summary: Compared to conventional hydration (CH), the use of mannitol to shorten hydration time (SHM) can reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma undergoing chemoradiation. In addition, higher cumulative cisplatin doses can be achieved with SHM. Female patients are at higher risk of AKI and receive lower cumulative cisplatin doses.
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
(2023)
Article
Optics
Silia Babel, Laura Bollmers, Marcello Massaro, Kai Hong Luo, Michael Stefszky, Federico Pegoraro, Philip Held, Harald Herrmann, Christof Eigner, Benjamin Brecht, Laura Padberg, Christine Silberhorn
Summary: Interference between single photons is crucial for various quantum optics experiments and applications in quantum technologies like communication and computation. Using lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) as a new material platform for integrated quantum optics allows for operation at telecommunication wavelengths and integration of setups for improved stability, compactness, and scalability. By implementing a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference in LNOI directional coupler, we achieve a high raw HOM visibility of (93.5 ± 0.7)%, establishing the foundation for advanced quantum experiments in LNOI.
Article
Optics
C. H. R. I. S. T. I. A. N. KIEssLER, H. A. U. K. E. Conradi, M. O. R. I. T. Z. Kleinert, V. I. K. T. O. R. Quiring, H. A. R. A. L. D. Herrmann, C. H. R. I. S. T. I. N. E. Silberhorn
Summary: A chip-size fully integrated fiber-coupled heralded single photon source (HSPS) module based on a hybrid integration of a nonlinear lithium niobate waveguide into a polymer board is presented. Photon pairs at 810 nm (signal) and 1550 nm (idler) are generated via parametric down-conversion pumped at 532 nm in the LiNbO3 waveguide. The module has a size of (2 x 1) cm2 and is fully fiber-coupled with one pump input fiber and two output fibers, achieving a heralded second-order correlation function of g(2) h = 0.05 with a heralding efficiency of & eta;h = 3.5% at low pump powers.
Article
Optics
Renato Domeneguetti, Michael Stefszky, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, Ulrik L. Andersen, Jonas S. Neergaard-Nielsen, Tobias Gehring
Summary: This study presents a guided setup for single-mode squeezing on integrated titanium-indiffused periodically poled nonlinear resonators. By using single-mode fibers, a continuous-wave laser beam is delivered and the squeezed field is collected, with up to -3.17(9) dB of useful squeezing available in fibers. The generated squeezed light was applied in a fiber-based phase sensing experiment, showing a quantum enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio of 0.35 dB. The investigation also reveals that photorefraction can cause system instabilities at high powers.
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Benjamin P. P. Weiss, Jose M. G. Merayo, Jodie B. B. Ream, Rona Oran, Peter Brauer, Corey J. J. Cochrane, Kyle Cloutier, Linda T. T. Elkins-Tanton, John L. L. Jorgensen, Clara Maurel, Ryan S. S. Park, Carol A. A. Polanskey, Maria de Soria Santacruz-Pich, Carol A. A. Raymond, Christopher T. T. Russell, Daniel Wenkert, Mark A. A. Wieczorek, Maria T. T. Zuber
Summary: The Psyche Magnetometry Investigation aims to test the hypothesis that asteroid (16) Psyche formed from a differentiated planetesimal. The instrument will measure the magnetic field around the asteroid to search for evidence of remanent magnetization. It consists of two three-axis fluxgate Sensor Units (SUs) mounted along a 2.15-m long boom, connected to Electronics Units (EUs) within the spacecraft bus. The Magnetometer will acquire data for the full duration of the mission to estimate Psyche's dipole moment.
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Matteo Santandrea, Kai-Hong Luo, Michael Stefszky, Jan Sperling, Harald Herrmann, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn
Summary: The paper investigates the performance of lossy SU(1,1) interferometers for single-photon pairs and examines the information contained in single counts and coincidences at the output. The classical Fisher information (FI) of both single and coincidence events is derived and studied as a function of internal and external losses. It is found that, in the absence of external losses, the FI of coincidence events is always higher or equal to that of single events. However, with external losses, the FI of single events can surpass that of coincidences. Additionally, coincidence measurement can help mitigate the effect of internal losses in the absence of external losses. Finally, when internal losses are above 50%, SU(1,1) interferometers outperform classical SU(2) interferometers.
QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Kristina Bertl, Sophie Livia Kogelnik, Edmund Kukla, Harald Herrmann, Steffen Schneider, Gabriela Altorjai, Andreas Stavropoulos
Summary: The study aims to investigate the oral health-related standard of care in HNC treatment across the EU. The findings revealed significant variations in dental assessment and preventive dentistry routines among different regions. However, including dental professionals in interdisciplinary treatment teams and providing dental treatment within the same hospital appear to improve the standard of care.
Review
Hematology
Peter Valent, Irina Sadovnik, Barbara Peter, Daniel Ivanov, Axel Schulenburg, Emir Hadzijusufovic, Michael Willmann, Thomas Ruelicke, Harald Herrmann, Werner Rabitsch, Heidrun Karlic, Karoline V. Gleixner, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Gregor Hoermann, Maik Dahlhoff, Michael Pfeilstoecker, Felix Keil, Thomas Lion, Thomas W. Grunt
Summary: The Vienna Cancer Stem Cell Club (VCSCC) was established in 2002 to support research on cancer stem cells and translate it into clinical applications. Over the years, the VCSCC has made significant contributions in the field of hematopoietic malignancies and leukemic stem cell research, organizing international conferences and discussions.
EXPERT REVIEW OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Matthias Moll, Harald Herrmann, Alexandru Zaharie, Gregor Goldner
Summary: The study evaluated the development of treatment for primary high-risk prostate cancer, focusing on bNED rates and acute GI side effects. Patients treated with 78 Gy had significantly better bNED rates compared to those treated with lower doses, with 50% more patients achieving bNED after a 9-year follow-up.
RADIOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)
