Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Liyan Liu, Yunhui Pang, Dong Lv, Kang Wang, Yang Wang
Summary: The influence of stacking density and air flux on the smoldering propagation process of biomass pellets was studied through experiments and numerical simulations. Changes in stacking density affected the peak smoldering temperature and propagation velocity, while different air flux levels had an impact on the smoldering temperature.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jie Li, Qun Zhao, Meiyan Si, Zejing Dong, Jianhong Huang, Yingjie Li, Xuewei Hu, Senlin Tian
Summary: This study explored the application of self-sustaining smoldering as an energy-efficient technique for remediating of Cd-contaminated soils. The results showed that Cd could be effectively removed from soil by manipulating key experiment parameters and the content of Poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC). This smoldering operation also increased soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus, showing great potential for soil remediation.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zongwei Gan, Cheng Zhao, Yuzhong Li, Guifang Chen, Zhanlong Song, Zhuping Zhang, Weizhao Ran
Summary: Smoldering combustion is an efficient method for organic waste treatment, and it has great advantages in oil sludge disposal by removing volatile petroleum hydrocarbons and recovering most of the metal elements.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zeyang Song, Tiancheng He, Maorui Li, Dejian Wu, Fei You
Summary: The study explores the self-sustaining smoldering treatment for the destruction of food waste, focusing on cereal, vegetable, and meat waste. Results show that raw food waste with 40% moisture can be disposed by SSST with over 90% destruction ratio. However, the robustness of SSST is limited by heterogeneous issues, which can be addressed through pre-processing and supplementation of anthracite.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuying Chen, Zhirong Liang, Shaorun Lin, Xinyan Huang
Summary: This study explores the combustion of emission gases from smoldering wood chips and finds that a stable flame can be maintained under specific conditions. A simplified heat transfer process is proposed to explain the limiting conditions for the co-existence of flames and smoldering. This research enriches clean methods for treating combustion emissions and promotes an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly approach to biowaste removal.
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Angelos Almpanis, Lee Slater, Jason I. Gerhard, Christopher Power
Summary: This study investigates the potential of spectral induced polarization (SIP) geoelectrical technique in assessing the performance of smoldering remediation of soils supplemented with colloidal activated carbon (CAC). The results show that SIP can track the evolving real and imaginary conductivities of the soils before and after smoldering, indicating the potential of SIP in monitoring changes associated with the addition of CAC and the destruction of contaminants by smoldering combustion.
JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ao Zhou, Xuebin Wang, Shilin Yu, Shuanghui Deng, Houzhang Tan, Hrvoje Mikulcic
Summary: In this paper, a self-sustaining pyrolysis process is designed for municipal sewage sludge. The simulation results show that by adjusting the parameters of the system, this process can realize the energy self-balance of sludge drying and pyrolysis treatment.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Adam Fisher, Arjun Radhakrishnan, James Kratz, Arthur Levy
Summary: This study introduces a methodology to assess the uncertainties in thermoset composite laminate processing and rank parameters by an influence metric to reduce variability in cure time effectively. The findings suggest that controlling the temperature of the processing equipment is the best investment to reduce curing variability.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu-Chi Cheng, Sheng-Wei Liao, Mohammad Alauddin, Paul Amyotte, Chi-Min Shu
Summary: Petrochemicals are crucial for our everyday life, necessitating large-scale production facilities. However, the additives used in the petrochemical manufacturing process are often overlooked as potential hazards, despite their inherent combustion and explosion characteristics. This study examines the hazard profile of five common powder additives, categorizing them as high-level potential dust explosion risks. Process safety staff and engineers working with petrochemical production should be aware of these risks and implement stringent loss prevention measures.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Aiyuan Jia, Mei Hong, Tao Wei, Tianli Jia, Shuai Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the use of smoldering combustion with vegetable oil as supplemental fuel for the remediation of coal tar-contaminated sand. The results showed that corn oil was a suitable supplemental fuel with higher removal efficiency for coal tar.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Pedro de Atauri, Miriam Tarrado-Castellarnau, Josep Tarrago-Celada, Carles Foguet, Effrosyni Karakitsou, Josep Joan Centelles, Marta Cascante
Summary: This study develops an efficient computational strategy to infer key molecular drivers sustaining metabolic adaptations to complex perturbations by integrating measured changes at systemic and molecular levels and combining metabolic control analysis with linear programming tools. The reprogramming of transporter and enzyme activities is identified as essential for orchestrating the metabolic adaptation to antitumoral drug therapy in colon cancer cells.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pu Liu, Quanlin Xiao, Ning Dai, Zhongbin Liu, Chenlong Wang
Summary: The main reaction range (350-550 degrees C) of oil-based drilling cutting (OBDC) pyrolysis was investigated, and the activation energies were calculated using four different model-free methods. The reaction mechanism was predicted by the Criado method. The study found that residence time, thickness, and heating rate had significant effects on the properties of the pyrolysis products, and the recycled mineral oil can be used to reconfigure oil-based mud (OBM).
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alessandra Toso, Maila Danielis, Carla de Leitenburg, Marta Boaro, Alessandro Trovarelli, Sara Colussi
Summary: This study investigates the impact of different synthesis routes and morphological properties on the passive NOx adsorption (PNA) performance of Pd/CeO2 catalysts. The results indicate that the surface area of Pd/CeO2 materials plays a crucial role in their NOx storage capacity and efficiency, while the morphology and Pd deposition method have minimal effects. However, the Pd deposition method does affect the dynamics of NOx desorption, likely due to Pd-Ce interactions at the nanoscale.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wei Zhang, Xiaowei Wang, Qianshi Song, Qianyi Chen, Haowen Li, Zixin Yang, Xiaohan Wang
Summary: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of inorganic element catalysis and basic fuel properties on pyrolysis kinetics and self-sustained smoldering characteristics of sewage sludge. The study found that the pyrolysis process can be divided into two stages determined by the organic and inorganic components of the fuel. Inorganic components have a significant catalytic effect on volatiles release and decomposition. The smoldering experiment showed different propagation speeds for the smoldering front and the evaporation front. The research findings contribute to the development and optimization of sewage sludge disposal by considering feedstock composition.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ziyu Zou, Ercheng Zhao, Pingzhong Yu, Junjie Jing, Ying Li, Baotong Li, Junxue Wu
Summary: This study investigated the degradation of neonicotinoids in soil using a nanoscale zero-valent iron-activated persulfate process. The results showed that the neonicotinoids could be effectively degraded under optimal conditions, and the degradation pathways were proposed based on identified intermediates.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mhd Anwar Orabi, Aatif Ali Khan, Liming Jiang, Tejeswar Yarlagadda, Jose Torero, Asif Usmani
Summary: This paper introduces the necessary considerations for the performance of tall, composite, and complex buildings in fire, and highlights recent advancements in numerical simulation. By integrating these advancements into a unified simulation environment, the necessity and efficiency of the developed simulation environment for thermomechanical simulation of composite structures in fire are demonstrated.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Bouaza Lafdal, Racha Djebbar, Pascal Boulet, Rabah Mehaddi, ElMehdi Koutaiba, Tarek Beji, Jose Luis Torero
Summary: Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the compartment fire problem with a single door opening. Three combustion regimes were identified based on the average temperature variation inside the compartment, and a linear correlation was found between the maximum heat release rate and the ventilation factor.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wuquan Cui, Yuqi Hu, Guillermo Rein
Summary: Laboratory experiments were conducted to improve the understanding of how peat conditions and the ignition protocol influence the ignition probability. The new ignition protocol of stopping the heat source when 10% mass of the sample is lost was found to be robust in initiating self-sustained smouldering. Results show that moisture content plays a major role in the ignition probability, but bulk density is also important.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Seyed Ziaedin Miry, Marco A. B. Zanoni, Tarek L. Rashwan, Jose L. Torero, Jason I. Gerhard
Summary: A multi-dimensional applied smouldering numerical model was developed and validated, revealing the multi-dimensional effects in applied smouldering systems and providing a new tool for research and optimization of smouldering reactors.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Harry Mitchell, Panagiotis Kotsovinos, Franz Richter, Daniel Thomson, David Barber, Guillermo Rein
Summary: Using mass timber in buildings has advantages in sustainability, aesthetics, construction times, and costs. However, the lack of data on safety and structural performance in fire is hindering its use in medium and high-rise buildings. By reviewing available data from previous experiments, this paper identifies correlations and highlights the need for further research to improve fire-safe design for timber buildings.
FIRE AND MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Panagiotis Kotsovinos, Eirik G. Christensen, Adam Glew, Eoin O'Loughlin, Harry Mitchell, Rikesh Amin, Fabienne Robert, Mohammad Heidari, David Barber, Guillermo Rein, Judith Schulz
Summary: The use of mass timber in construction offers a solution to the high carbon footprint of traditional construction materials, but fire safety standards need to catch up. Encapsulation is commonly used to protect timber surfaces and reduce fire risks.
FIRE AND MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhenwen Hu, Xuanze He, Francesco Restuccia, Guillermo Rein
Summary: Recent studies have shown that self-heating ignition can occur when Lithium-ion batteries are stacked in large numbers during storage. The understanding of this ignition type is limited and current studies mainly rely on numerical modelling. This study benchmarks COMSOL Multiphysics and Gpyro, two modelling tools commonly used in thermal-electrochemical behaviour and solid fuel ignition modelling, respectively, and finds that both tools can accurately predict the critical conditions for self-heating ignition, validating their use in studying LIB safety.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Matthew Bonner, Wojciech Wegrzynski, Guillermo Rein
Summary: This paper presents a novel algorithm, Visual Fire Power, which utilizes video footage captured by two cameras to measure the heat release rate of a turbulent flame. By measuring the time-averaged volume of the fire, this algorithm provides an alternative method for measuring heat release rate and comparing flame performances in different scenarios.
Article
Thermodynamics
Andrea Lucherini, Juan P. Hidalgo, Jose L. Torero, Cristian Maluk
Summary: This research study presents a heat transfer model for estimating the thermal and physical response of intumescent coatings. The study demonstrates the importance of coating swelling and thermal conditions at the coating-substrate interface in governing heat conduction within intumescent coatings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Harry Mitchell, Steve Gwynne, Enrico Ronchi, Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos, Guillermo Rein
Summary: The hazards of wildfires are significantly increased when it reaches the wildland-urban interface. This paper presents a framework for developing evacuation triggers that take into account both fire spread and community evacuation. By coupling wildfire and evacuation models, the PERIL tool was applied to real communities, demonstrating its potential to inform safer strategies for protecting rural communities threatened by wildfires.
Editorial Material
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
R. Lovreglio, X. Wang, G. Rein
Article
Forestry
Dwi M. J. Purnomo, Sebastian Apers, Michel Bechtold, Parwati Sofan, Guillermo Rein
Summary: This study simulated peatland wildfires at the field scale, taking into account daily variations of peat moisture. The results showed that considering the daily moisture variations can significantly impact the size and severity of the wildfires.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Muhammad A. Santoso, Eirik G. Christensen, Guillermo Rein
Summary: This study demonstrates the influence of pulsating wind on the transition from smouldering to flaming. The transition occurs, on average, approximately 39% earlier with pulsating wind compared to continuous wind. Pulsating wind enhances the transition by temporarily eliminating the cooling and dilution effects of the wind.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Andrea Franchini, Carmine Galasso, Jose L. Torero
Summary: This paper introduces a structural design optimization methodology for minimizing the consequences of a fire. The methodology considers the trade-off between implementing passive fire protection measures and enhancing a structure's inherent fire capacity. The feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated through a case study on the fire safety design of a steel girder bridge. The optimization process generates multiple Pareto-optimal solutions for minimizing the maximum bridge deflection after a given fire exposure time.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Simona Dossi, Birgitte Messerschmidt, Luis Mario Ribeiro, Miguel Almeida, Guillermo Rein
Summary: The study develops a Wildfire Resistance Index (WRI) to assess the relationship between building features and wildfire damage. The index is validated using data from California, USA, and Portugal. The results show a significant correlation between WRI and wildfire damage in both regions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
(2023)