Article
Environmental Sciences
Robert Maurer, Theodoros Kossioris, Stefan Sterlepper, Marco Guenther, Stefan Pischinger
Summary: The Euro 7 legislation and Zero-Impact Emissions concept aim to improve air quality. This paper develops technical solutions to achieve these goals for a 2030+ vehicle, including the use of new technologies like an electrical heater disc and a burner in the exhaust system. Results show that the expected regulations can be met in extreme scenarios by combining exhaust gas heating with engine power limitation or pre-heating, and even Zero-Impact Emissions can be achieved in most cases.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tak W. Chan, Jill Hendren, Rasto Brezny, Garry C. Gunter, David Lax, Joseph Kubsh
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of two passive regenerating gasoline particulate filters in reducing gaseous and particle phase pollutants from gasoline direct inject vehicles. The study demonstrated the ability of the filters to mitigate pollutants during severe filter regeneration. The significance of this study lies in its findings about the filters' performance during aggressive drive cycle testing.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Michal Vojtisek-Lom, Miroslav Vaculik, Martin Pechout, Frantisek Hopan, Alden Fred Arul Raj, Srinath Penumarti, Jiri Smokeman Horak, Olga Popovicheva, Jakub Ondracek, Barbora Dousova
Summary: The study found that automobile friction brakes generate highly variable nanoparticles, and braking conditions and styles may affect particle production. Improving driving habits and traffic management could help reduce emissions. The research also revealed a complex relationship between nanoparticle emissions during braking and a combination of factors.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Obed Majeed Ali, Omar Rafae Alomar, Omar Mohammed Ali, Naseer T. Alwan, Salam J. Yaqoob, Anand Nayyar, Sameh Askar, Mohamed Abouhawwash
Summary: Fuel quality is crucial for the use of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines. This study found that using naphtha and fusel oil as additives can enhance the performance and emissions of low octane gasoline, with the fuel containing 10% naphtha showing the best engine performance at increasing speeds.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mao Lin, Xiaoteng Zhang, Mingsheng Wen, Chuanqi Zhang, Xiangen Kong, Zhiyang Jin, Zunqing Zheng, Haifeng Liu
Summary: Upgrading fuel quality has become one of the most important trends in the development of internal combustion engines in order to meet stricter emissions and fuel consumption regulations. This study found that adding unconventional additives to gasoline can decrease fuel consumption and gaseous emissions, as well as shorten acceleration time.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Topi Ronkko, Liisa Pirjola, Panu Karjalainen, Pauli Simonen, Kimmo Teinila, Matthew Bloss, Laura Salo, Arindam Datta, Banwari Lal, Rakesh K. Hooda, Sanna Saarikoski, Hilkka Timonen
Summary: This study aims to address air quality issues in India and emphasizes the importance of monitoring particle number concentrations and black carbon (BC) in urban areas, especially in traffic environments, where people can be significantly exposed to fresh exhaust emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Economics
Jiayi Xu, Jie-Sheng Tan-Soo, Yanlai Chu, Xiao-Bing Zhang
Summary: This paper examines the impact of gasoline price on overall automobile sales and type preference of Chinese consumers. The findings show that higher gasoline price leads to reduced sales quantity and a shift towards more fuel-efficient vehicles. However, the effect on greenhouse gas emissions is relatively modest.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hiroyuki Yamada, Taichi Kimura, Hidenori Konno, Yoshinori Kondo
Summary: To evaluate the emissions of regulated gases and solid particle number (SPN) in high-load off-cycle conditions, various vehicles were tested. Diesel vehicles with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, as well as gasoline port fuel injection (PFI) vehicles, were included in the study. The results showed that all vehicles had higher CO2 emissions in the extra-high (Ex-hi) phase compared to other phases. The DPF vehicle exhibited increased NOx and SPN10-23 emissions due to passive regeneration of the DPF, while the urea SCR system was inactive. The gasoline PFI vehicles showed increased CO and SPN emissions in the Ex-hi phase due to enrichment control during high-load operation.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Johannes Buberger, Anton Kersten, Manuel Kuder, Richard Eckerle, Thomas Weyh, Torbjoern Thiringer
Summary: This paper compares the total life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of commercially available passenger cars with different powertrains and energy sources. The results show that conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles emit the highest amount of emissions, while vehicles powered by green electricity, biogas, and fuel cells can significantly reduce emissions.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Thomas Grube, Stefan Kraus, Julian Reul, Detlef Stolten
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive cost analysis of passenger car powertrains and found that fully electric powertrains based on batteries and fuel cells offer the lowest cost solutions, with fuel cell electric vehicles having a slight advantage over battery electric vehicles, and battery electric vehicles achieving break-even point before 2023 compared to internal combustion engine vehicles.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Monika Andrych-Zalewska, Zdzislaw Chlopek, Jerzy Merkisz, Jacek Pielecha
Summary: The article compares exhaust emission test results between the WLTC test and the RDE test conducted on a passenger car. The findings show significant disparities between the two tests, with the WLTC test being particularly affected by cold start-ups. The RDE test, being longer in duration and with higher engine load, shows different emission characteristics. The study suggests further research considering stochastic conditions and real vehicle operation conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tommaso Selleri, Anastasios Melas, Pierre Bonnel, Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa
Summary: Ammonia (NH3) is important in atmospheric chemistry and contributes to PM2.5 levels in urban areas globally. Despite the reduction requirements, road transport emissions of NH3 have increased, and urban emissions of NH3 for passenger cars are underestimated by a factor of 17 in the UK.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ye Liu, Haibo Chen, Chuhan Yin, Matteo Federici, Guido Perricone, Ying Li, Dimitris Margaritis, Yang Shen, Junhua Guo, Tangjian Wei
Summary: This study investigated PM10 emissions generated from brake wear of passenger cars during different driving cycles using a finite element analysis approach. The results showed that the proposed simulation approach could predict PM10 emissions from brake wear, and there was a gradient rise in pad wear from the inner to outer radii. Furthermore, reducing the frequency of high-speed braking was found to be an effective way to decrease PM10 emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiaoteng Zhang, Shouzhen Zhang, Yang Zhao, Jia Liu, Xiangen Kong, Shihai Zhang, Mingsheng Wen, Haifeng Liu
Summary: Using fuel additives is a cost-effective measure to improve fuel quality and reduce emissions. The effects of eleven different additives on the properties of 92# and 95# gasoline and vehicle performance were studied. The results showed that low octane gasoline is more affected by additives. Different types of additives have different effects on the evaporation temperature and drivability of gasoline. All additives improve fuel economy and reduce CO emissions of 92# gasoline, but have no significant effect on 95# gasoline. Additionally, most additives reduce THC emissions of 92# gasoline but increase THC emissions of 95# gasoline. All additives increase NOx emissions of 92# gasoline, except for Iso-butanol, Iso-butyl acetate, and P-methyl phenol which reduce NOx emissions of 95# gasoline. Furthermore, all additives improve the acceleration performance of both 92# and 95# gasoline.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Boya Zhou, Liqiang He, Shijian Zhang, Rui Wang, Luowei Zhang, Mengliang Li, Yu Liu, Shaojun Zhang, Ye Wu, Jiming Hao
Summary: There is a significant divergence between actual fuel consumption and CO2 emissions and type-approval values, emphasizing the importance of considering real-world driving conditions in assessing the fuel economy and GHG reduction of light-duty gasoline vehicles.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
(2023)