Climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture: trends and consequences for Canadian marine biodiversity 1This manuscript is a companion paper to Vander Zwaag et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-013) and Hutchings et al. (doi:10.1139/er-2012-0049) also appearing in this issue. These three papers comprise an edited version of a February 2012 Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel Report.

Life-history correlates of extinction risk and recovery potential

(2012) Jeffrey A. Hutchings et al.   ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

Is Canada fulfilling its obligations to sustain marine biodiversity? A summary review, conclusions, and recommendations 1This manuscript is a companion paper to Hutchings et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-011) and VanderZwaag et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-013) also appearing in this issue. These three papers comprise an edited version of a February 2012 Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel Report.

(2012) Jeffrey A. Hutchings et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS

Comparison of the depletion of emamectin benzoate (SLICE®) residues from skeletal muscle and skin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), for multiple dietary dose regimens at 10°C

(2011) S.K. Whyte et al.   AQUACULTURE

Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations and the productivity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada

(2011) Martin Krkošek et al.   CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES

Influence of suspended and off-bottom mussel culture on the sea bottom and benthic habitats: a review1This review is part of a virtual symposium on current topics in aquaculture of marine fish and shellfish.

(2011) Christopher W. McKindsey et al.   CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Correlates of recovery for Canadian Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)1This review is part of the virtual symposium “Flagship Species – Flagship Problems” that deals with ecology, biodiversity and management issues, and climate impacts on species at risk and of Canadian importance, including the polar bear (Ursus maritimus), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus), and caribou (Rangifer tarandus).

(2011) Jeffrey A. Hutchings et al.   CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Fish farms, parasites, and predators: implications for salmon population dynamics

(2011) Martin Krkošek et al.   ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

Evolutionary and ecological feedbacks of the survival cost of reproduction

(2011) Anna Kuparinen et al.   Evolutionary Applications

Nutrition and income from molluscs today imply vulnerability to ocean acidification tomorrow

(2011) Sarah R Cooley et al.   FISH AND FISHERIES

Acceleration of the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to sea level rise

(2011) E. Rignot et al.   GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS

Carbon emission limits required to satisfy future representative concentration pathways of greenhouse gases

(2011) V. K. Arora et al.   GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS

Potential impacts of future ocean acidification on marine ecosystems and fisheries: current knowledge and recommendations for future research

(2011) K. Denman et al.   ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE

Integrating ecophysiology and plankton dynamics into projected maximum fisheries catch potential under climate change in the Northeast Atlantic

(2011) W. W. L. Cheung et al.   ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE

Do Climate Models Underestimate the Sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere Sea Ice Cover?

(2011) Michael Winton   JOURNAL OF CLIMATE

Evaluating the potential for grey seal predation to explain elevated natural mortality in three fish species in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

(2011) HP Benoît et al.   MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES

Transient dynamics of an altered large marine ecosystem

(2011) Kenneth T. Frank et al.   NATURE

Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: The Bellwether

(2011) Victoria Fabry et al.   OCEANOGRAPHY

Sea Louse Infection of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in Relation to Marine Salmon Farms on Canada's West Coast

(2011) Michael H. H. Price et al.   PLoS One

Effects of parasites from salmon farms on productivity of wild salmon

(2011) M. Krkosek et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Genomic Signatures Predict Migration and Spawning Failure in Wild Canadian Salmon

(2011) K. M. Miller et al.   SCIENCE

Reduced early life growth and survival in a fish in direct response to increased carbon dioxide

(2011) Hannes Baumann et al.   Nature Climate Change

Severe tissue damage in Atlantic cod larvae under increasing ocean acidification

(2011) Andrea Y. Frommel et al.   Nature Climate Change

How Many Species Are There on Earth and in the Ocean?

(2011) Camilo Mora et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

Chemical use in salmon aquaculture: A review of current practices and possible environmental effects

(2010) Les Burridge et al.   AQUACULTURE

Evidence of farm-induced parasite infestations on wild juvenile salmon in multiple regions of coastal British Columbia, Canada

(2010) M. H.H. Price et al.   CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES

Trends in the abundance of marine fishes

(2010) Jeffrey A. Hutchings et al.   CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES

Consequences of farmed–wild hybridization across divergent wild populations and multiple traits in salmon

(2010) Dylan J. Fraser et al.   ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

Canadian species at risk (2006–2008), with particular emphasis on fishes

(2010) Jeffrey A. Hutchings et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS

Changes in Canadian seabird populations and ecology since 1970 in relation to changes in oceanography and food webs

(2010) Anthony J. Gaston et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS

Life-history evolution and elevated natural mortality in a population of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

(2010) Douglas P. Swain   Evolutionary Applications

Defining Overfished Stocks: Have We Lost the Plot?

(2010) Ray Hilborn et al.   FISHERIES

Trophic level asynchrony in rates of phenological change for marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments

(2010) STEPHEN J. THACKERAY et al.   GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY

Predicting the number of known and unknown species in European seas using rates of description

(2010) Mark J. Costello et al.   GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY

Fifty-Year Trends in Global Ocean Salinities and Their Relationship to Broad-Scale Warming

(2010) Paul J. Durack et al.   JOURNAL OF CLIMATE

The efficacy of emamectin benzoate against infestations of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in British Columbia

(2010) S M Saksida et al.   JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES

Marine plankton phenology and life history in a changing climate: current research and future directions

(2010) R. Ji et al.   JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH

Global climate change amplifies the entry of tropical species into the eastern Mediterranean Sea

(2010) Dionysios E. Raitsos et al.   LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY

Changes in geochemical foreshore attributes as a consequence of intertidal shellfish aquaculture: a case study

(2010) LI Bendell et al.   MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES

High resolution mapping of community structure in three glass sponge reefs (Porifera, Hexactinellida)

(2010) JWF Chu et al.   MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES

Copenhagen Accord pledges are paltry

(2010) Joeri Rogelj et al.   NATURE

Population diversity and the portfolio effect in an exploited species

(2010) Daniel E. Schindler et al.   NATURE

Central Pacific El Niño and decadal climate change in the North Pacific Ocean

(2010) E. Di Lorenzo et al.   Nature Geoscience

The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño

(2010) Mat Collins et al.   Nature Geoscience

Update on CO2 emissions

(2010) P. Friedlingstein et al.   Nature Geoscience

Triggers and maintenance of multiple shifts in the state of a natural community

(2010) Andrew Rassweiler et al.   OECOLOGIA

From Sea to Sea: Canada's Three Oceans of Biodiversity

(2010) Philippe Archambault et al.   PLoS One

Biodiversity's Big Wet Secret: The Global Distribution of Marine Biological Records Reveals Chronic Under-Exploration of the Deep Pelagic Ocean

(2010) Thomas J. Webb et al.   PLoS One

Marine biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and carbon cycles

(2010) G. Beaugrand et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Relationship of farm salmon, sea lice, and wild salmon populations

(2010) G. D. Marty et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Replenishment of fish populations is threatened by ocean acidification

(2010) P. L. Munday et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The direct effects of increasing CO2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests

(2010) S. D. Connell et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation on sea ice breeding habitats of harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) across the North Atlantic

(2010) Ari S. Friedlaender et al.   PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY

Sea-Level Rise and Its Impact on Coastal Zones

(2010) R. J. Nicholls et al.   SCIENCE

Sensitivity of arctic summer sea ice coverage to global warming forcing: towards reducing uncertainty in arctic climate change projections

(2010) XIANGDONG ZHANG   TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY

Magnitude and Trends in Abundance of Hatchery and Wild Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sockeye Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean

(2010) Gregory T. Ruggerone et al.   Marine and Coastal Fisheries

Application of aerial photography in combination with GIS for coastal management at small spatial scales: a case study of shellfish aquaculture

(2010) Leah I. Bendell et al.   JOURNAL OF COASTAL CONSERVATION

Contemporary Sea Level Rise

(2009) Anny Cazenave et al.   Annual Review of Marine Science

A large, natural infection of sea lice on juvenile Pacific salmon in the Gulf Islands area of British Columbia, Canada

(2009) R. Beamish et al.   AQUACULTURE

Bivalve aquaculture in estuaries: Review and synthesis of oyster cultivation effects

(2009) Barrie M. Forrest et al.   AQUACULTURE

The ecological role of bivalve shellfish aquaculture in the estuarine environment: A review with application to oyster and clam culture in West Coast (USA) estuaries

(2009) Brett R. Dumbauld et al.   AQUACULTURE

Historic marine invertebrate species inventory: case study of a science baseline towards establishing a marine conservation area

(2009) N.A. Sloan et al.   AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS

Prevalence and recurrence of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in eastern North American rivers

(2009) Matthew R.J. Morris et al.   CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES

Effects of local and global change on an inland sea: the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada

(2009) SC Johannessen et al.   CLIMATE RESEARCH

Biogeographic relationships among deep-sea hydrothermal vent faunas at global scale

(2009) C. Bachraty et al.   DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS

Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts under climate change scenarios

(2009) William W.L. Cheung et al.   FISH AND FISHERIES

Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO2-induced ocean acidification

(2009) J. B. Ries et al.   GEOLOGY

Enhanced production of Labrador Sea Water in 2008

(2009) Igor Yashayaev et al.   GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS

A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years?

(2009) Muyin Wang et al.   GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS

Decline in Arctic sea ice thickness from submarine and ICESat records: 1958-2008

(2009) R. Kwok et al.   GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS

Large-scale redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change

(2009) WILLIAM W. L. CHEUNG et al.   GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY

The impact of commercial fishing on the determination of habitat associations for sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus, Gmelin)

(2009) S. J. Smith et al.   ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE

Survival and breeding of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea in relation to sea ice

(2009) Eric V. Regehr et al.   JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY

Projected future changes in surface marine winds off the west coast of Canada

(2009) W. J. Merryfield et al.   JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH

A new sea ice albedo scheme including melt ponds for ECHAM5 general circulation model

(2009) Christina A. Pedersen et al.   JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH

Beaufort Gyre freshwater reservoir: State and variability from observations

(2009) Andrey Proshutinsky et al.   JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH

How does fishing alter marine populations and ecosystems sensitivity to climate?

(2009) Benjamin Planque et al.   JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS

Impacts of climate change on fisheries

(2009) Keith Brander   JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS

Status of the Olympia Oyster,Ostrea luridaCarpenter 1864, in British Columbia, Canada

(2009) Graham E. Gillespie   JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH

Factors Preventing the Recovery of a Historically Overexploited Shellfish Species,Ostrea luridaCarpenter 1864

(2009) Alan C. Trimble et al.   JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH

Biodiversity and rockfish recruitment in sponge gardens and bioherms of southern British Columbia, Canada

(2009) Jeffrey Burton Marliave et al.   MARINE BIOLOGY

Seabird nestling diets reflect latitudinal temperature-dependent variation in availability of key zooplankton prey populations

(2009) DF Bertram et al.   MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES

The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions

(2009) H. Damon Matthews et al.   NATURE

El Niño in a changing climate

(2009) Sang-Wook Yeh et al.   NATURE

Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne

(2009) Myles R. Allen et al.   NATURE

Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2 °C

(2009) Malte Meinshausen et al.   NATURE

Model projections of rapid sea-level rise on the northeast coast of the United States

(2009) Jianjun Yin et al.   Nature Geoscience

September sea-ice cover in the Arctic Ocean projected to vanish by 2100

(2009) Julien Boé et al.   Nature Geoscience

Preliminary studies on the isolation of bacteria from sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, infecting farmed salmon in British Columbia, Canada

(2009) Duane E. Barker et al.   PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH

Changes in biogenic carbon flow in response to sea surface warming

(2009) J. Wohlers et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Global sea level linked to global temperature

(2009) M. Vermeer et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Setting cumulative emissions targets to reduce the risk of dangerous climate change

(2009) K. Zickfeld et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions

(2009) Susan Solomon et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources

(2009) R. L. Naylor et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Global warming benefits the small in aquatic ecosystems

(2009) M. Daufresne et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Decline in top predator body size and changing climate alter trophic structure in an oceanic ecosystem

(2009) N. L. Shackell et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

How sea lice from salmon farms may cause wild salmonid declines in Europe and North America and be a threat to fishes elsewhere

(2009) M. J. Costello   PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Smallest Algae Thrive As the Arctic Ocean Freshens

(2009) W. K. W. Li et al.   SCIENCE

Aragonite Undersaturation in the Arctic Ocean: Effects of Ocean Acidification and Sea Ice Melt

(2009) M. Yamamoto-Kawai et al.   SCIENCE

Rebuilding Global Fisheries

(2009) B. Worm et al.   SCIENCE

Basin-Scale Coherence in Phenology of Shrimps and Phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean

(2009) P. Koeller et al.   SCIENCE

Large-scale atmospheric circulation changes are associated with the recent loss of Arctic sea ice

(2009) James E. Overland et al.   TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY

Forage Fish: From Ecosystems to Markets

(2008) Jacqueline Alder et al.   Annual Review of Environment and Resources

Ocean Acidification: The Other CO2Problem

(2008) Scott C. Doney et al.   Annual Review of Marine Science

Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: Trends and future prospects

(2008) Albert G.J. Tacon et al.   AQUACULTURE

Plasma concentrations of emamectin benzoate after Slice™ treatments of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Differences between fish, cages, sites and seasons

(2008) Anne-Grethe T. Berg et al.   AQUACULTURE

Effects of off-bottom shellfish aquaculture on winter habitat use by molluscivorous sea ducks

(2008) Ramūnas Žydelis et al.   AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS

ISA virus in Chile: evidence of vertical transmission

(2008) Siri Vike et al.   ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY

Predicted extirpation of the dominant demersal fish in a large marine ecosystem: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

(2008) Douglas P. Swain et al.   CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES

Impacts of environmental change and direct and indirect harvesting effects on the dynamics of a marine fish community

(2008) Hugues P. Benoît et al.   CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES

SEA ICE RETREAT ALTERS THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BERING SEA CONTINENTAL SHELF

(2008) Franz J. Mueter et al.   ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making

(2008) Brendan Fisher et al.   ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS

What drove the dramatic retreat of arctic sea ice during summer 2007?

(2008) Jinlun Zhang et al.   GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS

An improved bathymetric portrayal of the Arctic Ocean: Implications for ocean modeling and geological, geophysical and oceanographic analyses

(2008) Martin Jakobsson et al.   GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS

Sea level budget over 2003–2008: A reevaluation from GRACE space gravimetry, satellite altimetry and Argo

(2008) A. Cazenave et al.   GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE

Declining coral calcification in massive Porites in two nearshore regions of the northern Great Barrier Reef

(2008) TIMOTHY F. COOPER et al.   GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY

Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes

(2008) V. J. Fabry et al.   ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE

Arctic Sea Ice Retreat in 2007 Follows Thinning Trend

(2008) R. W. Lindsay et al.   JOURNAL OF CLIMATE

Lifetime of Anthropogenic Climate Change: Millennial Time Scales of Potential CO2and Surface Temperature Perturbations

(2008) M. Eby et al.   JOURNAL OF CLIMATE

Growth and survival differences among native, introduced and hybrid blue mussels (Mytilus spp.): genotype, environment and interaction effects

(2008) Jody L. Shields et al.   MARINE BIOLOGY

Status of the glass sponge reefs in the Georgia Basin

(2008) Sarah E. Cook et al.   MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon

(2008) V. Ramanathan et al.   Nature Geoscience

Evidence for harvest-induced maternal influences on the reproductive rates of fish populations

(2008) P. A Venturelli et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

“Escapes” of Eggs from Farmed Cod Spawning in Net Pens: Recruitment to Wild Stocks

(2008) Knut E. Jørstad et al.   REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE

ECOLOGY: The Coming Arctic Invasion

(2008) G. J. Vermeij et al.   SCIENCE

Kinematic Constraints on Glacier Contributions to 21st-Century Sea-Level Rise

(2008) W. T. Pfeffer et al.   SCIENCE

Trans-Arctic Invasion in Modern Times

(2008) P. C. Reid et al.   SCIENCE

Evidence for Upwelling of Corrosive "Acidified" Water onto the Continental Shelf

(2008) R. A. Feely et al.   SCIENCE

Regime shifts in marine ecosystems: detection, prediction and management

(2008) Brad deYoung et al.   TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION

A Global Assessment of Salmon Aquaculture Impacts on Wild Salmonids

(2008) Jennifer S Ford et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

The nature of fisheries- and farming-induced evolution

(2007) JEFFREY A. HUTCHINGS et al.   MOLECULAR ECOLOGY