Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ruhua Zhang, Wen Zhou, Wenshou Tian, Yue Zhang, Zhenchen Liu, Paxson K. Y. Cheung
Summary: This study re-examines the impact of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the winter stratospheric polar vortex intensity (PVI) and finds that the negative correlation between ENSO and PVI has weakened in recent decades and is no longer statistically significant. This weakening is associated with changes in wave-1 fluxes entering the stratosphere.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lei Wang, Mingfang Ting
Summary: This study demonstrates that the summer North Atlantic Oscillation can be predicted two months in advance based on the strength of the March North Atlantic jet. This extended predictability is influenced by the spring stratosphere-troposphere coupling, contrary to the belief that this coupling is relatively inactive outside the winter season.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Tao Wang, Wenshou Tian, Jiankai Zhang, Mian Xu, Tao Lian, Dingzhu Hu, Kai Qie
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between Arctic total column ozone and surface ocean currents in the North Pacific. It is found that the decrease in Arctic ozone leads to significant anomalies in ocean currents in the northern and central North Pacific. These anomalies are influenced by stratospheric circulation and the North Pacific Oscillation.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hilla Afargan-Gerstman, Bernat Jimenez-Esteve, Daniela I. V. Domeisen
Summary: This study analyzes the contribution of different factors to the downward response of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events using an atmospheric model. The findings suggest that anomalies in polar cap geopotential height in the lower stratosphere and zonal wind anomalies over the northeastern Pacific region explain a significant portion of the tropospheric jet response. Local conditions in the North Atlantic also contribute to the surface response.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
I Wohltmann, P. von der Gathen, R. Lehmann, H. Deckelmann, G. L. Manney, J. Davies, D. Tarasick, N. Jepsen, R. Kivi, N. Lyall, M. Rex
Summary: The winter of 2019/2020 in the Arctic stratosphere had the lowest observed ozone mixing ratios and was characterized by an unusually strong and long-lasting polar vortex. Some aspects of this winter resemble both Antarctic and Arctic conditions, such as the chemical processes and chlorine activation reactions. If the air masses had spent slightly more time below the upper temperature limit for polar stratospheric cloud formation and in sunlight, ozone levels in parts of the vortex could have been reduced to near zero values.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jinlong Huang, Peter Hitchcock
Summary: Using ERA5 reanalysis data, this study identifies seven easily calculable indices of the strength of the Arctic stratospheric vortex and compares their effects on climatological statistics and meteorological properties of strong and weak vortex events. The study also evaluates different definitions of strong vortex events and presents dynamical benchmarks for assessing their representation in climate models. The results highlight the challenges in defining strong vortex events and emphasize the implications of different choices, providing valuable guidance for future studies.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chuan-Chieh Chang, Zhuo Wang, John Walsh, Patrick J. Stoll
Summary: This study examines the impacts of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) on polar low activity in the subarctic North Atlantic. The results show that SSWs can decrease polar low activity over the Labrador Sea, but the impact on the Nordic seas depends on the spatial structure of the SSW event.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chaim I. I. Garfinkel, Ian White, Edwin P. P. Gerber, Seok-Woo Son, Martin Jucker
Summary: An intermediate-complexity moist general circulation model was used to study the factors influencing the surface impact of Southern Hemisphere springtime ozone depletion. The model incorporated full radiation and different surface representations. The study found that stationary waves weaken the circulation response to ozone depletion in both the stratosphere and troposphere, delaying the response until summer. The research also showed that Antarctic surface cooling and shortwave surface effects of ozone are not critical to the poleward shift of the jet.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Xia, Fei Xie, Xiao Lu
Summary: Surface ozone in the Arctic was significantly enhanced during the 2020-2021 winter after the onset of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). The enhanced ozone is primarily due to the strengthening of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport associated with SSW. The SSW also leads to positive anomalies in surface ozone in the northern midlatitudes, which are related to cold air outbreaks.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Wenshou Tian, Jinlong Huang, Jiankai Zhang, Fei Xie, Wuke Wang, Yifeng Peng
Summary: This review summarizes the main advances and new developments in stratosphere-troposphere coupling and stratospheric chemistry-climate interactions. It discusses the challenges of applying stratospheric signals in operational forecast models and the critical role of stratospheric chemistry in global climate change. The review also highlights the importance of considering whole-atmosphere interactions for a better understanding of stratosphere-troposphere coupling and its role in climate change.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Simon H. H. Lee, Andrew J. J. Charlton-Perez, Steven J. J. Woolnough, Jason C. C. Furtado
Summary: This study investigates the impact of forecast error and uncertainty in the polar vortex on predictions of large-scale weather patterns called regimes over North America. The results provide a framework for interpreting the stratospheric influence on North American regime behavior and can be used to improve weather forecast models.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ying Dai, Peter Hitchcock, Isla R. Simpson
Summary: In this study, the mechanisms behind the different surface responses over the North Pacific and North Atlantic basins to sudden stratospheric warmings are investigated using observations and simulations. The study finds that the North Atlantic typically shows a negative NAO response while the response over the North Pacific is muted due to air-sea interactions. Monitoring atmospheric and oceanic conditions in the North Pacific can be helpful in predicting the response of the Pacific westerlies to sudden stratospheric warmings.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jian Rao, Chaim Garfinkel, Ian P. White
Summary: Using the MiMA model, the study investigates the extratropical response to QBO and finds that relaxation of easterly QBO winds near 30 hPa leads to the formation of an E-P flux divergence dipole in the extratropical middle stratosphere, in contrast to the HT mechanism. The response of the meridional circulation to the relaxed QBO winds develops within the first 10 days in seasonally varying and fixed-seasonal experiments.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Martin Jucker, Thomas Reichler
Summary: Based on a multimillennial climate model simulation, it is found that sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) are mainly displacement events forced by wave-1 planetary waves. A surface signature similar to the negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) can be detected up to two months before the onset date, but there is a tendency for a transition from wave 1 before to zonally symmetric anomalies after onset. The weakening of the Amundsen Sea low is identified as a prominent precursor for SH SSWs, and the Indian Ocean dipole is more important than El Nino-Southern Oscillation.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yongjia Lu, Wenshou Tian, Jiankai Zhang, Jinlong Huang, Ruhua Zhang, Tao Wang, Mian Xu
Summary: The study found that the shift of the stratospheric polar vortex towards the Eurasian continent favors the occurrence of the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation, leading to longer and more intense AO events. Additionally, the polar vortex shift results in changes in the intensity of the three action centers in the AO spatial pattern, with an overall westward shift observed during the AO-shift events.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Karen L. Smith, Lorenzo M. Polvani
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Karen L. Smith, Richard K. Scott
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2016)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mark R. England, Lorenzo M. Polvani, Karen L. Smith, Laura Landrum, Marika M. Holland
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2016)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yutian Wu, Karen L. Smith
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2016)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Karen L. Smith, Gabriel Chiodo, Michael Previdi, Lorenzo M. Polvani
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2018)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Karen L. Smith, Lorenzo M. Polvani, L. Bruno Tremblay
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pengfei Zhang, Yutian Wu, Isla R. Simpson, Karen L. Smith, Xiangdong Zhang, Bithi De, Patrick Callaghan
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. G. Virgin, K. L. Smith
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Environmental Sciences
L. M. Polvani, M. Previdi, M. R. England, G. Chiodo, K. L. Smith
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Michael Previdi, Tyler P. Janoski, Gabriel Chiodo, Karen L. Smith, Lorenzo M. Polvani
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sarah Maleska, Karen L. Smith, John Virgin
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2020)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Michael Previdi, Karen L. Smith, Lorenzo M. Polvani
Summary: Arctic amplification (AA) is a prominent feature of climate change, mainly caused by local feedbacks and changes in energy transport. The feedbacks and energy transport changes are highly dependent on the climate system state, with significant implications for past and future climate change.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
K. L. Smith, L. M. Polvani
Summary: Recently established ocean observing arrays in the North Atlantic have revealed high-frequency variability in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), especially in winter. Climate modeling studies have traditionally focused on low-frequency variability in the annual mean of AMOC, but a new study found a distinct interannual variability mode in wintertime AMOC, significantly linked to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yu-Chiao Liang, Lorenzo M. Polvani, Michael Previdi, Karen L. Smith, Mark R. England, Gabriel Chiodo
Summary: Recent research highlights the significant contribution of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) to Arctic warming and sea-ice loss, with ODS causing slightly more than half of the warming and sea-ice loss compared to carbon dioxide (CO2). The Arctic amplification (AA) strength for ODS is 1.44 times larger than that for CO2, mainly due to more positive feedbacks such as Planck, albedo, lapse-rate, and cloud feedbacks. These findings imply that Arctic amplification would have been considerably stronger if the Montreal Protocol had not been signed.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Pengfei Zhang, Yutian Wu, Karen L. Smith