Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 112, Issue -, Pages 164-170Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.11.012
Keywords
8-oxodG; DNA damage; Infant; Cadmium; Breast-feeding
Funding
- Swedish Research Council
- Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research
- Karolinska Institute
- AFA Foundation
- European Union [FOOD-CT-2006-016253]
- United Nations
- Swedish International Development Agency
- UK Medical Research Council
- Swedish Research Council, Department for International Development
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B)
- Global Health Research Fund-japan
- Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative
- Uppsala University
- United States Agency for International Development
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Environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) is known to induce oxidative stress, a state of imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability to detoxify them, in adults. However, data are lacking on potential effects in early-life. We evaluated urinary concentrations of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a recognized marker of oxidative DNA damage, in relation to Cd exposure in 96 predominantly breast-fed infants (11-17 weeks of age) in rural Bangladesh. Urinary 8-oxodG was measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and Cd in urine and breast milk by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Median concentration of 8-oxodG was 3.9 nmol/L, urinary Cd 0.30 mu g/L, and breast-milk Cd 0.13 mu g/L. In linear regression analyses, urinary 8-oxodG was positively associated with Cd in both urine (p=0.00067) and breast milk (p=0.0021), and negatively associated with body weight (kg: p=0.0041). Adjustment for age, body weight, socio-economic status, urinary arsenic, as well as magnesium, calcium, and copper in breast milk did not change the association between Cd exposure and urinary 8-oxodG. These findings suggest that early-life low-level exposure to Cd via breast milk induces oxidative stress. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether this oxidative stress is associated with impaired child health and development. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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