Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 158, Issue 6, Pages 2059-2066Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.03.012
Keywords
Metoprolol; beta-Blocker; Invertebrate; Detoxification; Bioaccumulation
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Funding
- Leibniz Association
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Due to increasing amounts of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic environment, their largely unknown effects to non-target organisms need to be assessed. This study examined physiological changes in the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha exposed to increasing concentrations (0.534, 5.34, 53.4 and 534 mu g L(-1)) of the beta-blocker metoprolol in a flow-through system for seven days. The two lower concentrations represent the environmentally relevant range. Surprisingly, metallothionein mRNA was immediately up-regulated in all treatments. For the two higher concentrations mRNA up-regulation in gills was found for P-glycoprotein after one day, and after four days for pi class glutathione S-transferase, demonstrating elimination and biotransformation processes, respectively. Additionally, catalase and superoxide dismutase were up-regulated in the digestive gland indicating oxidative stress. In all treated mussels a significant up-regulation of heat shock protein mRNA was observed in gills after four days, which suggests protein damage and the requirement for repair processes. Metoprolol was 20-fold bioaccumulated for environmentally relevant concentrations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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