Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Hossein Jabbari Khamnei, Sajad Nikannia, Masood Fathi, Shahryar Ghorbani
Summary: This study aims to develop appropriate models for income distribution in Iran from 2006 to 2018 using the econophysics approach. The research results indicate that the income distribution in Iran does not follow the Pareto and Lognormal distributions in most years but follows the generalized Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution function. The generalized Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution fits the actual income data better than both Pareto and Lognormal distributions.
MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
History
Eugene Heath
Summary: In his lectures, Foucault examines different versions of liberalism that suggest an invisible market free from government intervention. He analyzes the ideas of Adam Smith and Adam Ferguson, critiquing Smith's emphasis on the invisibility of the economy and his attribution of egoism to economic agents. Foucault also explores Ferguson's concept of civil society but finds it lacking. However, he is intrigued by Ferguson's use of conjectural history to explain social change.
JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Goedele van den Broeck, Talip Kilic, Janneke Pieters
Summary: The study examines the effects of structural transformation on gender equality, particularly equal pay, in Sub-Saharan Africa. It finds that women in urban areas earn 40 to 46 percent less than men, while the gender pay gap in rural areas ranges from 12 percent to 77 percent. The analysis reveals that differences in workers' characteristics explain a significant portion of the gender pay gap in rural areas, suggesting that equalizing characteristics would eliminate most of the gap. In urban areas, however, country differences are larger and characteristics account for a smaller portion of the pay gap, indicating the need for gender-sensitive policies.
Article
Economics
Rafael Wildauer, Karsten Kohler, Adam Aboobaker, Alexander Guschanski
Summary: This paper presents a model that examines the distributional effects of energy price shocks through conflict inflation. The study finds that periods of high inflation often lead to significant redistribution of income, both between workers and firms and between different sectors of the economy. Using a three-sector model calibrated to US sectoral data, the research shows that the recent inflationary episode is a result of a price-wage spiral. Furthermore, the study compares three antiinflationary policies and finds that redistributing windfall profits to workers is the most effective in reducing inflation without negative impacts on employment and labor shares.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
N. Liprandi-Cortes, A. Nunez-Ramirez, M. del Castillo-Mussot
Summary: Magazine Expansion annually releases its ranking of the top 500 leading companies in Mexico. The distribution of sales per employee follows a two-class pattern, with a quasi-Pareto power-law distribution in the higher range and an exponential distribution in the lower range, similar to income and wealth distributions in many countries. This suggests a correlation between employees' wages/salaries and their employers' sales revenue per employee. The privatization of most state-owned enterprises in Mexico has resulted in a relatively small number of SOEs on this list.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thitithep Sitthiyot, Kanyarat Holasut
Summary: This study introduces a method for benchmarking fair income distribution based on the concepts of procedural justice, distributive justice, and authority's power in professional sports. It demonstrates how the benchmark can be used to quantitatively gauge fair income shares for a particular value of the Gini index.
Article
Economics
Brandon Dupont, Yvonne Durham
Summary: Students in introductory economics often hear about the concept of the invisible hand, but the information they receive is often flawed due to its lack of historical context. Recent research on Smith's metaphor is described in this paper, along with suggestions for instructors to use it in a more informed way. Simple classroom experiments are also discussed as aids for these discussions.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF ECONOMICS EDUCATION
(2021)
Article
Economics
Anwar Shaikh, Amr Ragab
Summary: The econophysics two-class approach introduces a novel theoretical and empirically robust relation for calculating the per capita income of the bottom fraction of the population. This method does not rely on social welfare functions and can be used for different inequality-adjusted measurements.
Article
Economics
Ming Qin, Lin-feng Fan, Jing Li, Yi-fei Li
Summary: The strengthening of environmental regulations has had a negative impact on wage growth and inequality, especially in cities with heavier pollution. This impact is more significant in high-polluting industries, and is more pronounced for un-skilled labor in central and eastern China.
JOURNAL OF ASIAN ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Political Science
Gustav Egede Hansen, Germa Bel, Ole Helby Petersen
Summary: This study examines the impact of government contracting out on workers' wages and employment in the public and private sectors. The findings show a significant decline in work income and employment for workers overall, with major differences among different groups. Female, low-skilled, and younger workers are more adversely affected by government contracting out.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH AND THEORY
(2023)
Article
Business
Rosa Santero-Sanchez, Belen Castro Nunez
Summary: Despite the increase in women in the labor market, equal pay for equal work remains a challenge, as shown in the study on Spain's gender wage gap (GWG) and its relationship to gender diversity in management positions. The results suggest that the GWG decreases with higher female participation in management, potentially due to reduced information asymmetry and barriers to promotion associated with entry-level and low-qualified positions.
BRQ-BUSINESS RESEARCH QUARTERLY
(2022)
Article
Philosophy
Nicole Whalen
Summary: In this article, two competing republican ideals of a free society of equals in the eighteenth century are examined. The author argues that while the value of nondependency was significant for both Adam Smith and Richard Price in their economic outlooks, their evaluations of free-market practices were remarkably distinct. This article introduces a new interpretation of republican typologies in the eighteenth century.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Yongwei Chen, Dahai Fu, Xinyue Ye
Summary: The article suggests that people care more about distributional fairness than relative income disparity when comparing incomes. By decomposing individual income into fair and unfair components, the study finds a significant negative relationship between income unfairness and happiness. Additionally, the research highlights a positive relationship between relative income gap and income unfairness, providing a new perspective on the income-happiness paradox.
AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS
(2021)
Article
Economics
Lilian N. Rolim, Carolina Troncoso Baltar, Gilberto Tadeu Lima
Summary: This study investigates the impact of labor productivity growth, workers' bargaining power, and legal minimum wage revision rules on income distribution. The findings suggest that the coevolutionary interaction between workers' bargaining power and productivity growth is crucial for understanding income inequality dynamics and its relationship with output.
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Economics
Maximilian Longmuir
Summary: The omission of pension wealth distorts international wealth distribution comparisons. Augmented wealth, which includes the present value of social security pension wealth, resolves this limitation. This article analyzes augmented wealth in Australia from 2002 to 2018 and compares it with Germany, Switzerland, and the United States. It also explores the relationship between Superannuation dissaving rates and the means-tested public pension scheme, Age Pension, and its distributional implications.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC INEQUALITY
(2023)