Systematic review of some prosthetic risk factors for periimplantitis

Statement of problem. The recent literature underlines a correlation between plaque and the development of periimplantitis but neglects the importance of the prosthetic factors. Purpose. The purpose of this systematic review was to appraise the available literature to evaluate the role played by cement excess and misfitting components on the development of periimplantitis. Material and methods. An electronic search restricted to the English language was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Register up to September 1, 2014, based on a selected search algorithm. Only cohort studies and case-control studies were included without additional restrictions. The presence of periimplantitis and implant failure were considered primary and secondary outcome variables. Results. The search produced 275 potentially relevant titles, of which only 2 were found eligible. They showed a correlation in cemented implant prostheses between cement excess and the presence of periimplant disease, especially in patients with a history of periodontal disease. After cement excess removal by means of debridement, disease symptoms disappeared around most of the implants. Conclusions. Scientific articles on prosthetic risk factors for periimplantitis are scarce. Although the studies found on cement remnants have a high risk for bias, cement excess seems to be associated with mucositis and possibly with periimplantitis, especially in patients with a history of periodontal disease.