Article
Mechanics
Haibing Peng
Summary: Despite the widespread use of Navier-Stokes equations in computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD), there are still unanswered questions due to the absence of considering the statistical nature of discrete air molecules. In this study, we propose a statistical mechanics-based approach called the volume-element method, which allows for the numerical evaluation of aerodynamic lift and drag. We obtained pressure and friction values as a function of the angle of attack for flat-plate airfoils, and this method can be directly applied to convex-shape airfoils and combined with Monte Carlo simulations for concave-shape airfoils. This approach not only has implications for aerodynamic applications, but also opens up possibilities for further applications in Boson or Fermi gases.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shiyan Wang, Anirudh Venkatesh, Doraiswami Ramkrishna, Vivek Narsimhan
Summary: A Brownian bridge is a continuous random walk guided by an effective drift to control the endpoint of a stochastic process. While widely applicable in chemical science, the main limitation is the difficulty in determining the effective drift and solving the complex Backward Fokker-Planck equation.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Lanndon Ocampo, Joerabell Lourdes Aro, Samantha Shane Evangelista, Fatima Maturan, Leomarich Casinillo, Kafferine Yamagishi, Egberto Selerio
Summary: This study develops a computational platform to evaluate the ecotourism potential of tourist sites. By integrating the CRITIC and WSM methods, the platform generates the composite ecotourism potential index for alternative sites under a stochastic environment.
CURRENT ISSUES IN TOURISM
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jessica N. Castillo, Verny F. Resabala, Luigi O. Freire, Byron P. Corrales
Summary: Research and algorithms are being developed worldwide to predict and estimate the consumption of electrical energy in buildings and other facilities. This particular study developed a mathematical model to simulate the energy consumption of a building's main electrical loads. By collecting and analyzing data, the researchers proposed a solution to optimize the building's energy consumption profile.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Andrew Hong, Aaron Morris
Summary: This study aims to develop a more computationally efficient method for solving flows with non-spherical particles. By extending the direct simulation Monte Carlo method to the rotational relaxation of spherocylinders, the study demonstrates that the proposed modified method, which samples from post-collisional energies and scattering distributions, can improve traditional models.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
John N. Ng'ombe, B. Wade Brorsen
Summary: For decades, researchers have relied on small-scale agronomic experiments to provide input management recommendations to farmers. However, these experiments often have large standard errors and uncertainty about their generalizability. To address these limitations, there has been a movement towards on-farm field experiments. This study used a Bayesian decision-theoretic approach to examine the best methods for conducting these experiments and determining when it is most profitable to quit them.
PRECISION AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jian Wang, Xiang Gao, Zhili Sun
Summary: The paper introduces a method called multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) for time-variant reliability analysis, aiming to enhance computational efficiency while maintaining accuracy and robustness. By discretizing the time interval using a geometric sequence of different timesteps and estimating the cumulative probability of failure with corrections from all levels, the method optimizes the number of random samples at each level to minimize computational complexity. Independently computed corrections at each level allow achieving accuracy at a lower cost compared to crude Monte Carlo simulation, while maintaining robustness to nonlinearity and dimensions.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Giulio Franzese, Dimitrios Milios, Maurizio Filippone, Pietro Michiardi
Summary: In this work, a novel practical method is proposed to make the sg noise isotropic by using a fixed learning rate determined analytically. Extensive experimental validations indicate that the proposal is competitive with the state of the art on sgmcmc.
Article
Environmental Studies
Badrul Azhar, Frisco Nobilly, Alex M. Lechner, Kamil Azmi Tohiran, Thomas M. R. Maxwell, Raja Zulkifli, Mohd Fathil Kamel, Aslinda Oon
Summary: The European Commission criticizes palm oil production for its high ILUC risk, while major palm oil-producing countries claim it will hinder the adoption of sustainable practices. To mitigate this risk, a strategy of mandatory sharing of production land with landless/displaced farmers is proposed, aiming to reduce deforestation and enhance food security in addition to aligning with palm oil certification schemes.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
K. L. Zhang, Z. Song
Summary: The study reveals that applying a nonlocal non-Hermitian perturbation to an Ising chain merges the topological Kramer-like degeneracy in the ferromagnetic phase, with distinct dynamic responses for different quantum phases. The phase diagram at zero temperature is completely preserved at finite temperatures.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Corentin Salaun, Adrien Gruson, Binh-Son Hua, Toshiya Hachisuka, Gurprit Singh
Summary: Monte Carlo integration has two interpretations: estimating the expected value and estimating a constant function corresponding to the original integral. The latter interpretation, based on calculus, has not received much attention, but it suggests the use of more complex functions to construct more efficient estimators.
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Ruoyu Chen, Shanbao Tong, Peng Miao
Summary: This study proposes a deep-learning-based strategy for high spatiotemporal resolution three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from a single transilluminated laser speckle contrast image, providing more structural and functional details without multifocus two-dimensional (2D) imaging or 3D optical imaging with point/line scanning. The method utilizes convolution of vessel masks with depth-dependent point spread functions (PSF) to generate a large training dataset, and employs UNet and ResNet for deblurring and depth estimation. The blood flow in the reconstructed 3D vessels is estimated by a depth-dependent contrast model. The proposed method achieves high-fidelity structural reconstruction with a depth-independent estimation of blood flow, and is suitable for real-time monitoring of thick tissue and the diagnosis of vascular diseases.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
G. Peter Lepage
Summary: The VEGAS+ algorithm is more accurate than VEGAS in certain cases, especially for integrands with multiple peaks or structures aligned with diagonals of the integration volume. It can be combined with other integrators for better performance.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Pouria Ildarabadi, Javad Alamatian
Summary: In this paper, the financial risk of construction projects is investigated through proposing a new function based on three design variables, evaluating deviations of these parameters, determining distribution functions and their relative parameters, and verifying efficiency using Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed simulation process helps evaluate economic conditions and financial risks with suitable accuracy.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Peter Stewart Cumber
Summary: This paper explores different methods for calculating view factors and finds that the combination of Monte Carlo method and ray tracing may not be the most efficient strategy. Instead, combining Monte Carlo method or quasi-Monte Carlo method with numerical integration provides more accurate results in the same run-time. For configurations with touching surfaces, a hybrid Monte Carlo method and quasi-Monte Carlo method are demonstrated to be the preferred stochastic methods.
JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Boqiang Lin, Mengqi Yang
Summary: This study explores the influence of personal and social factors on preferences for personal carbon reduction policies. It finds that factors such as affluence, social trust, social norms, self-motivation, and low-carbon behavioral attitudes have an impact on policy preferences. The study compares the differences in influencing factors among three different policies, providing insights for government policy design and promotion.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Bin Xu, Renjing Xu
Summary: This paper explores the issue of carbon intensity in the heavy industry and uses a nonparametric model to obtain several novel findings, including the effects of energy consumption structure, incentive and mandatory environmental regulations, technological progress, foreign direct investment, and economic growth on carbon intensity. These findings have important policy implications.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Business, Finance
Tong Su, Yuning Shi, Boqiang Lin
Summary: This paper examines the role of underwriter reputation in the cost of green bond financing in China from 2016 to 2022. The empirical results show that underwriter reputation is negatively associated with the issuance cost of green bonds. This impact is significantly moderated by enterprise ownership structure and listed conditions, confirming the existence of bonding and information mechanisms. The economic significance is also estimated, highlighting the necessity of selecting reputable underwriters in green bond financing.
FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Business, Finance
Xu Gong, Boqiang Lin
Summary: This study uses dummy variables to measure the influence of day-of-the-week effects and structural breaks on electricity volatility. The results show that day-of-the-week effects improve the fitting ability of HAR models for daily volatility forecasting, while structural breaks improve the in-sample performance of HAR models for daily, weekly, and monthly volatility forecasting. Out-of-sample analysis indicates that both day-of-the-week effects and structural breaks provide additional ex ante information for predicting electricity volatility, with dummy variables measuring structural breaks often containing more predictive information than those measuring day-of-the-week effects. Adding dummy variables to measure these effects can also improve the performance of existing HAR models for volatility forecasting in the electricity market.
JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Boqiang Lin, Chenchen Huang
Summary: The development of renewable energy is essential for achieving carbon neutrality and mitigating climate change. Digitalization is seen as a virtual method for energy transition, but empirical evidence on its role in promoting variable renewable energy integration is lacking. In this study, the contribution of digital industries to the electricity sector in 33 countries was measured, and the moderating effect of digitalization on the relationship between renewable energy installation and generation was examined. The results show that digitalization has a positive moderating effect on renewable energy integration, with the effect being asymmetric and more pronounced when digital input exceeds 4.2659%. The moderating effect of digitalization is present in developed countries but not statistically significant in developing countries. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in promoting renewable energy development and carbon neutrality.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Boqiang Lin, Yongjing Xie
Summary: Digital transformation improves the operational efficiency of power enterprises indirectly by promoting innovation, enhancing capital utilization rates, and easing financial constraints. The impact of digital transformation on operational efficiency is more significant in a fiercely competitive industry environment. Large, state-owned, and growing power firms have benefited more from digital transformation than other types of firms.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ruiyang Ma, Yi Lin, Boqiang Lin
Summary: In the digital era, digitalization has become a strong driver for cities' green economic transformation. It indirectly promotes green transition through industrial structure optimization and green technological innovation. The positive effect of digitalization on green development is more obvious in eastern and economically developed cities.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Boqiang Lin, Ting Pan
Summary: More and more countries have enacted environmental policies to combat climate change and pollution. These policies play a vital role in promoting low-carbon development and green transformation through enterprise financing.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Emre Unal, Boqiang Lin, Shunsuke Managi
Summary: The effects of export goods on CO2 emissions in China were calculated using input-output analysis and the hypothetical extraction method (HEM). The analysis considered China's seven largest export partners: the US, Japan, South Korea, Germany, India, the UK, and the Netherlands. The findings showed that export goods, especially intermediate goods, had the largest growth in emissions and contributed more to emissions efficiency. The US was the largest source of CO2 emissions in China, particularly in terms of final goods, and also played a significant role in emissions efficiency.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Tong Su, Yufang Chen, Boqiang Lin
Summary: The rapid growth of Chinese renewable energy innovation has the potential to improve total-factor carbon productivity (TFCP), but its detailed impact and mechanisms are not well understood. This paper empirically tests the influence mechanism, effect characteristics, and causal configurations based on a sample of 30 provinces from 2006 to 2017. It is found that optimizing the energy structure and improving the efficiency of the full industrial chain of electricity are the key mechanisms through which renewable energy technology innovation improves TFCP. Wind and solar energy technology innovations have relatively larger contributions to the growth of total-factor carbon productivity. The larger the coal consumption, the larger the probability for renewable energy innovation to play a role in improving TFCP. Ultimately, renewable energy innovation acts with other factors to determine the actual levels of regional TFCP.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Boqiang Lin, Hengsong Zhao
Summary: This study investigates the impact of trade policy on carbon-intensive industries and empirically tests the effects of trade barriers on carbon emissions. The findings reveal the existence of asymmetric trade barriers across different countries and provide political and trade explanations. Additionally, the study observes a significant implicit subsidy provided by certain highly developed countries for carbon-intensive imported products.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Economics
Boqiang Lin, Huanyu Jia
Summary: This paper examines the differences in environmental participation between urban residents with different household registration (hukou) identity. The study finds that migrants have lower environmental engagement compared to locals, and factors such as length of residence, household income, and barriers to obtaining local hukou moderate this relationship. The lack of social trust and sense of belonging due to the absence of hukou identity constrains migrants' environmental involvement. The article suggests that further hukou system reform may be necessary to incentivize migrants to play a more proactive role in environmental matters.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Boqiang Lin, Sami Ullah
Summary: As climate change worsens over time, the importance of green growth and green innovation in reducing environmental pollution and promoting cleaner economic growth and a healthy environment becomes increasingly evident. However, existing research studies have not adequately examined the impact of green growth, green innovation, and information and communication technology (ICT) on CO2 emissions. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating how green growth influences CO2 emissions in Pakistan, specifically in relation to green innovation and ICT. The findings highlight the significant contribution of green growth and green innovation to improving environmental sustainability in Pakistan, while also revealing a positive relationship between ICT and CO2 emissions. The study emphasizes the need for policymakers and regulators to prioritize the promotion of a green growth agenda and green innovation to mitigate CO2 emissions and achieve sustainable development goals.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Boqiang Lin, Sami Ullah
Summary: According to Pakistan's Nationally Determined Contribution, the country aims to reduce its emissions by 50% by 2030, with 15% coming from domestic resources and 35% contingent on international grant financing, requiring USD 101 billion for energy transition. This study examines the impact of energy depletion, green growth, technological cooperation grants, and labor force on CO2 emissions in Pakistan. The findings suggest that energy depletion leads to environmental contamination in the long run, while green growth, technological cooperation grants, and labor force contribute to the reduction of environmental contaminations.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Business, Finance
Rui Bai, Boqiang Lin
Summary: This paper applies evolutionary game analysis and empirical research to conclude that green finance plays a significant role in promoting green innovation. The conclusions are robust even after using alternative measurement and estimation methods. By considering endogeneity, the paper treats the establishment of green finance reform pilot zones as a quasi-natural experiment and analyzes the policy effect of green finance on green innovation using the Differences-in-Differences model. Furthermore, the paper finds that green finance has a stronger positive effect on green innovation when firms have a lower risk-taking level.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF ECONOMICS & FINANCE
(2024)
Article
Economics
Marie-Louise Arlt, David Chassin, Claudio Rivetta, James Sweeney
Summary: This paper examines the impact of real-time pricing and load automation on residential distribution systems. The study finds that implementing real-time pricing can result in an aggregate welfare gain of 39 USD per customer and year. However, it also notes that RTP and load automation may significantly increase peak system load. Introducing a market-based demand management system can further enhance welfare gains and reduce grid investment.
Article
Economics
Javier Jorquera-Copier, Alvaro Lorca, Enzo Sauma, Stefan Lorenczik, Matias Negrete-Pincetic
Summary: As countries update their climate ambitions, low-carbon hydrogen production and use present opportunities for emissions reductions and economic development. A case study for Chile shows that integrating hydrogen and electricity networks can lower system costs and enhance renewable integration, but policy support is needed to address concerns related to water and land use.
Article
Economics
Dawit Guta, Hisham Zerriffi, Jill Baumgartner, Abhishek Jain, Sunil Mani, Darby Jack, Ellison Carter, Guofeng Shen, Jennifer Orgill-Meyer, Joshua Rosenthal, Katherine Dickinson, Rob Bailis, Yuta Masuda
Summary: Household solid fuel use is detrimental to health and the environment. The Indian government's PMUY subsidy has successfully promoted the adoption of LPG by millions of households. However, there is limited understanding of the decision-making process to reduce solid fuel use after transitioning to cleaner fuels. This study found that factors such as household wealth, social status, education level, and the prevalence of LPG use in the village are positively associated with LPG consumption and the discontinuation of solid fuel use. On the other hand, factors such as distance to LPG refill delivery, household size, and the PMUY subsidy are negatively associated with the share of LPG use.
Article
Economics
Nicolas Morell-Dameto, Jose Pablo Chaves-Avila, Tomas Gomez San Roman, Pablo Duenas-Martinez, Tim Schittekatte
Summary: This paper assesses the performance of differently implemented forward-looking network tariff designs and proposes an innovative coordination mechanism to increase predictability in a future with many flexible customers. The study reveals that if large shares of customers synchronize their responses to highly time-varying and locational-specific network charges, it can lead to unexpected reinforcements.
Article
Economics
Alexandra Gritz, Guntram Wolff
Summary: Russia's weaponization of gas supplies shook the energy security of Central and Eastern Europe in 2022. The region responded by increasing alternative energy supplies and developing new gas supply routes. Renewable energy, nuclear energy, and hydrogen play important roles in the long-term. Mitigating the impact of this shock requires the EU to prioritize the integrity of its energy market.
Article
Economics
Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Marion Collewet, Matthew DiGiuseppe, Hendrik Vrijburg
Summary: Economic costs are a major political obstacle to investing in climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. The method of financing plays a crucial role in determining public opposition to government green investments, with debt financing being less opposed than broad-based taxes. This study suggests that credit market tools, such as green bonds and debt for climate swaps, can be politically efficient in increasing support for green financing. Carbon taxes and wealth taxes are found to be the most preferred options.
Article
Economics
Kun Guo, Liyuan Luan, Xiaoli Cai, Dayong Zhang, Qiang Ji
Summary: This paper investigates China's energy trade stability using a survival analysis approach. It finds that the energy trade linkages between China and 153 other countries are complex and unstable, with short periods of trade with many countries. Geopolitically risky regions, such as the Middle East and Africa, have the lowest trade stability. Climate risks have significant effects on energy trade stability. The paper proposes several policy options to improve energy trade stability in China, with special attention to increasing global climate risks.
Article
Economics
Simona Bigerna, Piyush Choudhary, Nikunj Kumar Jain, Silvia Micheli, Paolo Polinori
Summary: This study estimates the willingness to pay of Indian urban consumers for a continuous supply of electricity using contingent valuation method. The findings show that the amount consumers are willing to pay depends on the duration of power outages, with households preferring shorter outages. Income and environmental attitude also positively influence higher willingness to pay. These insights can inform policymakers in designing more reliable and customer-centric energy generation and distribution models.
Article
Economics
Temilade Sesan, Unico Uduka, Lucy Baker, Okechukwu Ugwu, Ewah Eleri, Subhes Bhattacharyya
Summary: This study examines the impact of the regulatory framework on rural electrification and universal energy access goals in Nigeria's mini-grid sector. The findings suggest that while the current framework has fostered sector growth, additional measures are necessary to ensure equitable distribution of access among rural populations.
Article
Economics
Rui Shan, Noah Kittner
Summary: Energy storage is a cornerstone in decarbonization planning as it reduces operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions, while enhancing resilience and renewables integration. However, storage developers in different regions have varying economic and environmental considerations, thereby requiring policy intervention to achieve long-term emission reductions.
Article
Economics
Tung Durmaz, Sevil Acar, Simay Kizilkaya
Summary: This study investigates the phenomenon of strategic capacity withholding in the Turkish electricity market and its relationship with the capacity remuneration mechanism. The empirical results provide strong evidence of strategic capacity withholding and show that the capacity mechanism contributes to the duration of failures. The study offers important insights for policymakers, including the implementation of a random verification mechanism and restructuring of the capacity mechanism in Turkey.
Article
Economics
Tii N. Nchofoung
Summary: The study finds that oil price shocks have a negative impact on Africa's energy transition, particularly in rural areas and net crude oil exporting countries. However, oil price shocks cannot explain the urban-rural differences in clean energy access. Therefore, increasing investment in clean energy and technologies in rural areas is necessary to enhance the resilience of the energy sector to oil price shocks.
Article
Economics
Najia Saqib, Muhammad Usman, Ilhan Ozturk, Arshian Sharif
Summary: This study examines the impact of environmental technologies, financial growth, and energy use on ecological footprint and green growth. Environmental innovation and renewable energy deployment contribute to green growth, while financial expansion and non-renewable energy use have negative effects on the environment. The study also identifies causal relationships between different factors.
Article
Economics
Yessica C. Y. Chung, Noxolo Kunene, Hung-Hao Chang
Summary: The Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) is considered an innovative technology for building a green society. This study investigates the impact of REC purchases on stock return and volume in Taiwan between 2017 and 2021. The findings suggest that REC purchases have a positive effect on stock returns of manufacturing firms but not service firms. The frequency of REC purchases is also an important factor in the relationship between REC purchase and firm value. Additionally, the study reveals that public attention to environmental pollution plays a crucial role in positive stock returns and volume, while ESG disclosure is negatively associated with returns and volume.
Article
Economics
Seife Ayele, Wei Shen, Yacob Mulugetta, Tadesse Kuma Worako
Summary: This paper addresses the challenges of governing energy procurement from a mix of non-hydropower renewable energy sources supplied by independent producers. Building on political economy analysis and five case studies of independent producer projects from Ethiopia, it seeks to understand the root causes of the protracted delays and limited extent of procurement by independent producers. The key contestations lie in managing long term contracts, risk, uncertainty and in developing the institutional and human capacity to transition.
