Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
B. Bharathiraja, J. Iyyappan, M. Gopinath, J. Jayamuthunagai, R. PraveenKumar
Summary: Engineering wild genes in algae to enhance productivity and customize final products is seen as a critical solution for addressing the increasing demands for fuel and food due to population growth. The use of powerful genetic engineering strategies in algae allows for faster growth, tolerance to environmental changes, and accelerated biomass accumulation. Algal biofuels have the potential to improve engine performance and have lower environmental impact compared to biofuels from lignocelluloses and crops.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. P. Krivov, G. A. Kireev, A. V. Tenishev, A. V. Davydov, M. V. Skupov, I. D. Solomatin, N. A. Mosunova, E. V. Usov, V. I. Chukhno
Summary: This paper studies the behavior of mixed uranium-plutonium nitride nuclear fuel at high temperatures and finds that plutonium evaporation is the main cause of mass loss in the mixed nitride.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Vishnu Vardhan Byroju, Aisha Shigna Nadukkandy, Marco Cordani, Lekha Dinesh Kumar
Summary: Retinoblastoma is a rare intraocular tumor that affects children and can become life-threatening if not treated early. The survival rate in developed countries is over 95% due to advancements in diagnosis and treatment techniques. Early diagnosis and genetic research are crucial for improving survival rates.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhirui Liang, Robert Mieth, Yury Dvorkin
Summary: This paper proposes a modified cGAN model to generate statistically credible net load scenarios for power systems, conditioned by given labels (e.g., seasons), that are stressful to system operations and dispatch decisions. The proposed OA-cGAN internalizes a DC optimal power flow model and seeks to maximize operating cost by generating worst-case data. The model is trained and tested using historical net load forecast errors.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Erwin de Gelder, Jasper Hof, Eric Cator, Jan-Pieter Paardekooper, Olaf Op den Camp, Jeroen Ploeg, Bart de Schutter
Summary: The article presents a scenario-based assessment method for the performance evaluation of Automated Vehicles (AVs), which achieves representative evaluation of real-world scenarios by generating realistic parameter values.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
B. Wealer, S. Bauer, C. v. Hirschhausen, C. Kemfert, L. Goeke
Summary: This paper reviews trends in third generation nuclear power plants and analyzes global nuclear power plant investments, indicating that cost escalations continue and investing in nuclear power plants is not profitable.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Swanand Kulkarni, Khushi Gupta, Pooja Ratre, Pradyumna Kumar Mishra, Yogesh Singh, Avadh Biharee, Suresh Thareja
Summary: This review provides detailed insights into the etiology, risk factors, and treatment challenges of PCOS, with a focus on current clinical trial medications and those in development. It also explains the benefits of using herbal supplements and improving lifestyle, and discusses emerging therapeutic targets for treating PCOS.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Wenqing Jia, Tao Zhang, Haiyan Huang, Haoran Feng, Shaodong Wang, Zichao Guo, Zhiping Luo, Xiaopin Ji, Xi Cheng, Ren Zhao
Summary: This review provides a brief summary of different categories of colorectal cancer (CRC) vaccines and presents current outcomes of relevant clinical trials. It particularly focuses on recent advances in nanovaccines and neoantigen vaccines, which represent the trend and emphasis in CRC vaccine development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Muhammad Naeem, Hanoof Fahd Alkhodairy, Iqra Ashraf, Amjad Bajes Khalil
Summary: This article discusses the development of recombinant vaccines and the application of CRISPR/Cas9 system in virology and immunology. It highlights the importance of using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate recombinant vaccines and identifies current challenges and issues in the research field.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Cristiano Cervellera, Danilo Maccio, Francesco Rebora
Summary: Urban traffic network models allow running hypothetical scenarios to evaluate the impact of decisions, requiring capturing complex multivariate distributions. A data-driven method based on copula models is introduced to freely choose marginals of single input parameters while maintaining joint dependence structure.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yubin Wang, Yixian Liu, Qiang Yang
Summary: This article develops a generation and forecasting approach using Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) for the characterization of operational uncertainties in integrated energy systems (IES). The proposed solution efficiently generates high-quality IES operational scenarios without explicit statistical assumptions, and can be integrated into a constrained optimization problem for scenario forecasting.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Management
Beatriz Brito Oliveira, Maria Antonia Carravilla, Jose Fernando Oliveira
Summary: Tackling uncertainty is crucial for decision-support, and scenarios can be used to model different outcomes. Besides probability-based methods, alternative approaches can be used to deal with decision-making under uncertainty. A scenario generation methodology based on genetic algorithms is proposed, which aims to obtain a diverse set of scenarios for decision-makers. This method does not require prior knowledge of probability distributions and can be applied to different problems.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kedi Zheng, Huiyao Chen, Yi Wang, Qixin Chen
Summary: This paper proposes a data-driven framework to solve the financial transmission right (FTR) portfolio construction problem by using k-means clustering and quantile regression to predict price distributions. The method is tested on real market data and shows steady performance in node selection and price scenario generation, outperforming other methods.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Sanjula Kammammettu, Zukui Li
Summary: Scenario-based stochastic programming is widely used for optimization under uncertainty. This study focuses on optimal transport and proposes algorithms for scenario reduction and multistage scenario tree generation using entropy-regularized optimal transport. The use of the Sinkhorn-Knopp algorithm decreases solution time and memory burden. The proposed approach generates high-quality scenarios for more accurate solutions in stochastic programming.
COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yi Luo, Yang Zhang, Kun Yang, Xiaolu Zhou, Zongqi Peng
Summary: During summer precipitation, thermal runoff from impervious surfaces flows into urban lakes, causing an increase in surface water temperature. This leads to the short-term effects of cyanobacteria blooms and long-term changes in lake species. Understanding the heat exchange process and formation mechanism of thermal runoff is scientifically significant. Heat transfer models were used to quantify the heating process of surface runoff caused by surface heat load. The study found that initial surface temperature, wind speed, rainfall intensity, thermal conductivity, and permeability of the underlying surface explain most of the observed differences in surface runoff heating and temperature increase rate.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Shane D. Morris, Michael R. Kearney, Christopher N. Johnson, Barry W. Brook
Summary: The study examines the potential physiological effects of climate change on the Tasmanian devil during its extinction window in mid-Holocene, finding no widespread negative impacts of climate on the devil's physiology on the mainland. This suggests that cultural and demographic changes in human populations or competition with dingoes may have played a more significant role in the devil's extinction.
Article
Ecology
Luke A. Yates, Barry W. Brook, Jessie C. Buettel
Summary: The spatial analysis of linear features in ecology is a challenging and rarely attempted problem, with existing methods often being abstract and difficult to apply. This study introduces a concrete method for analyzing spatial patterning of line-segment data, which was validated using fallen tree data from Australian tall eucalypt forest plots.
Article
Ecology
Damien A. Fordham, Stuart C. Brown, H. Resit Akcakaya, Barry W. Brook, Sean Haythorne, Andrea Manica, Kevin T. Shoemaker, Jeremy J. Austin, Benjamin Blonder, Julia Pilowsky, Carsten Rahbek, David Nogues-Bravo
Summary: Research shows that the extinction process of the woolly mammoth involved complex ecological mechanisms and factors such as climate change, with human impact playing a significant role in its demise. Humans began influencing the extinction of woolly mammoths well before the Holocene, exerting lasting effects on their population size and range.
Review
Ecology
Ivan Jaric, Uri Roll, Marino Bonaiuto, Barry W. Brook, Franck Courchamp, Josh A. Firth, Kevin J. Gaston, Tina Heger, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Richard J. Ladle, Yves Meinard, David L. Roberts, Kate Sherren, Masashi Soga, Andrea Soriano-Redondo, Diogo Verissimo, Ricardo A. Correia
Summary: The ongoing global biodiversity crisis not only leads to biological extinctions, but also results in the loss of cultural knowledge and collective memory of species, known as 'societal extinction of species'. This phenomenon is cognitively challenging, but it has significant consequences for conservation policy and management, affecting societal perceptions, support for conservation efforts, and causing the loss of cultural heritage.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Vishesh L. Diengdoh, Stefania Ondei, Rahil J. Amin, Mark Hunt, Barry W. Brook
Summary: Functional connectivity between protected areas in Australia, important for butterfly species, is predicted to decrease in future scenarios of land use, land cover, and climate change. Changes are expected to occur along the edges of species' current distribution. Results can be used for comparisons with other studies and to identify priority areas for conservation.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Luke A. Yates, Zach Aandahl, Shane A. Richards, Barry W. Brook
Summary: Specifying, assessing, and selecting statistical models are crucial for ecological research. We provide a comprehensive and accessible review on the technical aspects of cross validation for model selection, including bias correction, estimation uncertainty, score choice, and overfitting mitigation. Our recommendations include using leave-one-out cross validation or k-fold with bias correction for minimizing bias and using calibrated selection to mitigate overfitting.
ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Tristan Derham, Christopher Johnson, Brianna Martin, Julia Ryeland, Stefania Ondei, Matthew Fielding, Barry W. Brook
Summary: The Tasmanian emu coexisted with Aboriginal people for thousands of years, but rapidly went extinct soon after European colonization. Research suggests that hunting activities played a major role in their extinction, and reintroducing them to Tasmania would require community support.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Matthew C. McDowell, Shane D. Morris, Christopher N. Johnson, Brianna Martin, Barry W. Brook
Summary: This study models the changes in the range of the Broad-toothed rat, Mastacomys fuscus, by using fossil, sub-fossil, and contemporary records. It reveals that Mastacomys fuscus had a wider range and occupied more diverse environmental conditions in the recent past compared to its current distribution. The contraction of the species' distribution on mainland Australia to high-elevation areas occurred rapidly and recently. The research emphasizes the importance of utilizing sub-fossil data in understanding the changes in distribution and habitat occupation of threatened species for conservation planning.
Editorial Material
Ecology
Ivan Jaric, Jessie C. Buettel, Barry W. Brook
Article
Ecology
Ivan Jaric, Ricardo A. Correia, Marino Bonaiuto, Barry W. Brook, Franck Courchamp, Josh A. Firth, Kevin J. Gaston, Tina Heger, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Richard J. Ladle, Yves Meinard, David L. Roberts, Kate Sherren, Masashi Soga, Andrea Soriano-Redondo, Diogo Verissimo, Uri Roll
Summary: Societal awareness and engagement with environmental problems are crucial for effective conservation programs. Research shows that public attention to cultural products decreases over time, which could also limit motivation for conservation efforts. This study addresses the concept of attention transience in conservation, discusses its drivers and mechanisms, and provides an overview of conservation issues for which it is particularly relevant. Attention transience allows conservationists a brief opportunity to focus public awareness and mobilize support, emphasizing the importance of tailored marketing campaigns, targeted communication, and efforts to refocus attention on key issues.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Ecology
E. M. Ringwaldt, B. W. Brook, J. C. Buettel, C. X. Cunningham, C. Fuller, R. Gardiner, R. Hamer, M. Jones, A. M. Martin, S. Carver
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics and drivers of landscape-scale wildlife disease using the case of sarcoptic mange in bare-nosed wombats in Tasmania, Australia. The research finds that the Tasmanian landscape is almost universally suitable for wombats, except in areas with high mean annual precipitation. However, the clinical signs of sarcoptic mange are widespread but heterogeneously distributed. The disease is most likely to occur in areas with high host habitat suitability, low annual precipitation, near freshwater sources, and minimal topographic roughness.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Barry W. Brook, Stephen R. Sleightholme, Cameron R. Campbell, Ivan Jaric, Jessie C. Buettel
Summary: The Thylacine, or Tasmanian tiger, has become a symbol of human-induced extinction. Despite the last captive animal dying in 1936, reports of possible ongoing survival in remote regions of Tasmania capture public interest. Analysis of observational records suggests the Thylacine most likely became extinct in the late 20th century, but there is a small chance of persistence in remote areas.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Cherico Wanger, Barry W. Brook, Theodore Evans, Teja Tscharntke
Summary: The use of pesticides on tropical crops has increased significantly in recent decades, posing a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services. While amphibians and reptiles are common in tropical agricultural landscapes, there are few field studies that measure the impacts of pesticides on these species. This study conducted a year-long field experiment in Indonesia and found that pesticide application cannot predict the diversity patterns of amphibians and reptiles in cocoa plantations. However, exposure to herbicides and insecticides in vegetable gardens resulted in the elimination of amphibians, while reptiles were less impacted by insecticides and unaffected by herbicides. The loss of a common amphibian species due to pesticide use suggests a strong indirect negative effect of pesticides on their role as pest-control agents. The authors recommend landscape-based Integrated Pest Management and further ecotoxicological studies on amphibians and reptiles to establish a regulatory framework and ensure the recognition and protection of their ecosystem services.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lucile Leveque, Rahil J. Amin, Jessie Buettel, Scott Carver, Barry Brook
Summary: This study examines the factors influencing the distribution of the Tasmanian native hen and predicts its future distribution changes under climate change. The results show that 37% of Tasmania is currently suitable for the native hens, with low summer precipitation, low elevation, human-modified vegetation, and urban areas being key factors. Urban areas can also serve as "oases" in unsuitable regions, supporting high breeding activity. Under climate change predictions, the native hens are expected to lose only 5% of their occupied range by 2055. Overall, the species is resilient to climate change and benefits from anthropogenic landscape modifications, making it a rare example of a flightless rail adapting to human activity.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Thomas Botterill-James, Calum X. Cunningham, Christopher N. Johnson, Sean Haythorne, Damien A. Fordham, Barry W. Brook, Richard P. Duncan, David M. Forsyth
Summary: Using a validated pattern-oriented model, we demonstrate how the future distribution and abundance of invasive fallow deer in Tasmania can be significantly reduced by targeted increases in harvest and prioritizing removal around high conservation value regions. Our approach can be applied to project the likely effects of management interventions on future distributions and abundances for a range of invasive species.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Economics
Marie-Louise Arlt, David Chassin, Claudio Rivetta, James Sweeney
Summary: This paper examines the impact of real-time pricing and load automation on residential distribution systems. The study finds that implementing real-time pricing can result in an aggregate welfare gain of 39 USD per customer and year. However, it also notes that RTP and load automation may significantly increase peak system load. Introducing a market-based demand management system can further enhance welfare gains and reduce grid investment.
Article
Economics
Javier Jorquera-Copier, Alvaro Lorca, Enzo Sauma, Stefan Lorenczik, Matias Negrete-Pincetic
Summary: As countries update their climate ambitions, low-carbon hydrogen production and use present opportunities for emissions reductions and economic development. A case study for Chile shows that integrating hydrogen and electricity networks can lower system costs and enhance renewable integration, but policy support is needed to address concerns related to water and land use.
Article
Economics
Dawit Guta, Hisham Zerriffi, Jill Baumgartner, Abhishek Jain, Sunil Mani, Darby Jack, Ellison Carter, Guofeng Shen, Jennifer Orgill-Meyer, Joshua Rosenthal, Katherine Dickinson, Rob Bailis, Yuta Masuda
Summary: Household solid fuel use is detrimental to health and the environment. The Indian government's PMUY subsidy has successfully promoted the adoption of LPG by millions of households. However, there is limited understanding of the decision-making process to reduce solid fuel use after transitioning to cleaner fuels. This study found that factors such as household wealth, social status, education level, and the prevalence of LPG use in the village are positively associated with LPG consumption and the discontinuation of solid fuel use. On the other hand, factors such as distance to LPG refill delivery, household size, and the PMUY subsidy are negatively associated with the share of LPG use.
Article
Economics
Nicolas Morell-Dameto, Jose Pablo Chaves-Avila, Tomas Gomez San Roman, Pablo Duenas-Martinez, Tim Schittekatte
Summary: This paper assesses the performance of differently implemented forward-looking network tariff designs and proposes an innovative coordination mechanism to increase predictability in a future with many flexible customers. The study reveals that if large shares of customers synchronize their responses to highly time-varying and locational-specific network charges, it can lead to unexpected reinforcements.
Article
Economics
Alexandra Gritz, Guntram Wolff
Summary: Russia's weaponization of gas supplies shook the energy security of Central and Eastern Europe in 2022. The region responded by increasing alternative energy supplies and developing new gas supply routes. Renewable energy, nuclear energy, and hydrogen play important roles in the long-term. Mitigating the impact of this shock requires the EU to prioritize the integrity of its energy market.
Article
Economics
Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Marion Collewet, Matthew DiGiuseppe, Hendrik Vrijburg
Summary: Economic costs are a major political obstacle to investing in climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. The method of financing plays a crucial role in determining public opposition to government green investments, with debt financing being less opposed than broad-based taxes. This study suggests that credit market tools, such as green bonds and debt for climate swaps, can be politically efficient in increasing support for green financing. Carbon taxes and wealth taxes are found to be the most preferred options.
Article
Economics
Kun Guo, Liyuan Luan, Xiaoli Cai, Dayong Zhang, Qiang Ji
Summary: This paper investigates China's energy trade stability using a survival analysis approach. It finds that the energy trade linkages between China and 153 other countries are complex and unstable, with short periods of trade with many countries. Geopolitically risky regions, such as the Middle East and Africa, have the lowest trade stability. Climate risks have significant effects on energy trade stability. The paper proposes several policy options to improve energy trade stability in China, with special attention to increasing global climate risks.
Article
Economics
Simona Bigerna, Piyush Choudhary, Nikunj Kumar Jain, Silvia Micheli, Paolo Polinori
Summary: This study estimates the willingness to pay of Indian urban consumers for a continuous supply of electricity using contingent valuation method. The findings show that the amount consumers are willing to pay depends on the duration of power outages, with households preferring shorter outages. Income and environmental attitude also positively influence higher willingness to pay. These insights can inform policymakers in designing more reliable and customer-centric energy generation and distribution models.
Article
Economics
Temilade Sesan, Unico Uduka, Lucy Baker, Okechukwu Ugwu, Ewah Eleri, Subhes Bhattacharyya
Summary: This study examines the impact of the regulatory framework on rural electrification and universal energy access goals in Nigeria's mini-grid sector. The findings suggest that while the current framework has fostered sector growth, additional measures are necessary to ensure equitable distribution of access among rural populations.
Article
Economics
Rui Shan, Noah Kittner
Summary: Energy storage is a cornerstone in decarbonization planning as it reduces operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions, while enhancing resilience and renewables integration. However, storage developers in different regions have varying economic and environmental considerations, thereby requiring policy intervention to achieve long-term emission reductions.
Article
Economics
Tung Durmaz, Sevil Acar, Simay Kizilkaya
Summary: This study investigates the phenomenon of strategic capacity withholding in the Turkish electricity market and its relationship with the capacity remuneration mechanism. The empirical results provide strong evidence of strategic capacity withholding and show that the capacity mechanism contributes to the duration of failures. The study offers important insights for policymakers, including the implementation of a random verification mechanism and restructuring of the capacity mechanism in Turkey.
Article
Economics
Tii N. Nchofoung
Summary: The study finds that oil price shocks have a negative impact on Africa's energy transition, particularly in rural areas and net crude oil exporting countries. However, oil price shocks cannot explain the urban-rural differences in clean energy access. Therefore, increasing investment in clean energy and technologies in rural areas is necessary to enhance the resilience of the energy sector to oil price shocks.
Article
Economics
Najia Saqib, Muhammad Usman, Ilhan Ozturk, Arshian Sharif
Summary: This study examines the impact of environmental technologies, financial growth, and energy use on ecological footprint and green growth. Environmental innovation and renewable energy deployment contribute to green growth, while financial expansion and non-renewable energy use have negative effects on the environment. The study also identifies causal relationships between different factors.
Article
Economics
Yessica C. Y. Chung, Noxolo Kunene, Hung-Hao Chang
Summary: The Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) is considered an innovative technology for building a green society. This study investigates the impact of REC purchases on stock return and volume in Taiwan between 2017 and 2021. The findings suggest that REC purchases have a positive effect on stock returns of manufacturing firms but not service firms. The frequency of REC purchases is also an important factor in the relationship between REC purchase and firm value. Additionally, the study reveals that public attention to environmental pollution plays a crucial role in positive stock returns and volume, while ESG disclosure is negatively associated with returns and volume.
Article
Economics
Seife Ayele, Wei Shen, Yacob Mulugetta, Tadesse Kuma Worako
Summary: This paper addresses the challenges of governing energy procurement from a mix of non-hydropower renewable energy sources supplied by independent producers. Building on political economy analysis and five case studies of independent producer projects from Ethiopia, it seeks to understand the root causes of the protracted delays and limited extent of procurement by independent producers. The key contestations lie in managing long term contracts, risk, uncertainty and in developing the institutional and human capacity to transition.
