Article
Chemistry, Physical
Noor Ul Hassan, Michael J. Zachman, Mrinmay Mandal, Horie Adabi Firouzjaie, Paul A. Kohl, David A. Cullen, William E. Mustain
Summary: Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have made significant progress in terms of performance, but long-term performance loss is primarily caused by catalyst agglomeration. Additionally, polymer degradation was not significant due to the high hydration state. This study provides valuable information for the design and control of AEMFCs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Noor Ul Hassan, Michael J. Zachman, Mrinmay Mandal, Horie Adabi Firouzjaie, Paul A. Kohl, David A. Cullen, William E. Mustain
Summary: Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have made significant progress in performance, but long-term operation and performance losses are still challenges. This study demonstrates the ability of a high-performance AEMFC to operate for an extended period and investigates the reversibility of performance losses. It was found that suboptimal reaction conditions contribute to reversible performance losses, while catalyst agglomeration is the primary mechanism for long-term performance degradation. Understanding these changes is crucial for the design and control of AEMFC components.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Haoran Yu, Michael J. Zachman, Chenzhao Li, Leiming Hu, Nancy N. Kariuki, Rangachary Mukundan, Jian Xie, Kenneth C. Neyerlin, Deborah J. Myers, David A. Cullen
Summary: This study investigates the type and degree of catalyst degradation achieved by cycling in an aqueous cell compared to a PEMFC MEA, and finds that adjusting experimental parameters can better replicate the degradation observed in MEAs.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haoran Yu, Michael J. Zachman, Kimberly S. Reeves, Jae Hyung Park, Nancy N. Kariuki, Leiming Hu, Rangachary Mukundan, Kenneth C. Neyerlin, Deborah J. Myers, David A. Cullen
Summary: Nanoparticles are important materials with unique properties due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows direct visualization of composition and morphology of nanoparticles with atomic precision. However, traditional manual STEM measurements have limitations in sample size, while automated STEM techniques enable high-resolution characterization of nanoparticle properties at sub-micron length scales.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dan Wu, Samindi Madhubha Jayawickrama, Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
Summary: This study investigates the effect of polymer-coating on the durability of Pt nanoparticles in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The results show that using a polymer-coated catalyst leads to a smaller decrease in maximum power density after accelerated durability tests, indicating the potential of the polymer-coating method to improve PEMFC durability.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kun Wang, Ning Li, Yanan Yang, Shaojie Ke, Zhengping Zhang, Meiling Dou, Feng Wang
Summary: Under simulated automotive load-cycling operation, higher load amplitude leads to more severe degradation of fuel cell performance, mainly due to the faster growth of Pt nanoparticles in the cathodic catalyst layer and resulting degradation of the catalyst. Additionally, detected microstructure changes in the cathodic catalyst layer contribute to performance failure.
CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Amir Peyman Soleymani, Marcia Reid, Jasna Jankovic
Summary: This research implements an epoxy-free ultramicrotome technique on beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-life (EOL) samples of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to observe and analyze the electrode structure in detail. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron tomography (TEM), images of the ionomer network, carbon particles' structure, and Pt distribution are obtained, providing insights into their structural changes over time.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Michael Obermaier, Krzysztof Jozwiak, Markus Rauber, Andreas Bauer, Christina Scheu
Summary: The knowledge gained from fuel cell degradation analysis is critical for achieving durability targets and commercializing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, depending on the dominant degradation mode. This study systematically investigates four potential methods for detecting pinholes in the polymer membrane. Detection limits, material system impacts, and other relevant factors are discussed to optimize defect detection and make recommendations for practical application.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Kiranjit K. Bains, Robert D. Young, Elena Koudouna, Philip N. Lewis, Andrew J. Quantock
Summary: Imaging techniques were used to study the three-dimensional microanatomy and spatiotemporal relationships of cells, extracellular matrix, and vasculature at the corneo-scleral limbus of developing and mature chicken eyes. Results showed the development of structures similar to Palisades of Vogt, associated with characteristics of stem cells, and direct cell-cell associations between corneal epithelial and stromal cells.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Dinesh Kumar Madheswaran, Mohanraj Thangamuthu, Sakthivel Gnanasekaran, Suresh Gopi, Tamilvanan Ayyasamy, Sujit S. Pardeshi
Summary: This comprehensive review examines recent developments in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and assesses their alignment with the ambitious targets set by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Significant advancements have been made in catalysts, membrane technology, gas diffusion layers (GDLs), and bipolar plates. However, the challenge of balancing durability and cost remains, making it difficult to achieve the ultimate DOE goals for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs).
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jin-Hu Dou, Maxx Q. Arguilla, Yi Luo, Jian Li, Weizhe Zhang, Lei Sun, Jenna L. Mancuso, Luming Yang, Tianyang Chen, Lucas R. Parent, Grigorii Skorupskii, Nicole J. Libretto, Chenyue Sun, Min Chieh Yang, Phat Vinh Dip, Edward J. Brignole, Jeffrey T. Miller, Jing Kong, Christopher H. Hendon, Junliang Sun, Mircea Dinca
Summary: Researchers have successfully grown single crystals of 2D metal-organic frameworks up to 200 µm in size by balancing in-plane and out-of-plane interactions, revealing anisotropic transport and a clear correlation between conductivity and the nature of the metal cation in the sheets.
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Qiang Lin, Yihao Yao, Gang Chen, Xu Chen, Shouwen Shi
Summary: A customized pressure-loaded blister test device was developed to investigate the biaxial fatigue durability of PEM for fuel cells. The study found that increasing pressure and temperature, as well as decreasing humidity, adversely affected the biaxial fatigue lifetime of the membrane. Lowering temperature also led to a transition in the failure mode.
Article
Electrochemistry
Chunmei Wang, Mark Ricketts, Amir Peyman Soleymani, Jasna Jankovic, James Waldecker, Jixin Chen, Chunchuan Xu
Summary: This study compared the performance losses and catalyst degradation of three accelerated startup and shutdown test protocols, with results showing that hydrogen protection helps alleviate these issues, and within the range of 20 to 70 degrees Celsius, low temperatures can reduce catalyst layer degradation.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Paul C. Okonkwo, Oladeji O. Ige, El Manaa Barhoumi, Paul C. Uzoma, Wilfred Emori, Abdelbaki Benamor, Aboubakr M. Abdullah
Summary: This paper summarizes the degradation of platinum catalyst layer in PEMFCs and the improvement strategies, recommends prospects for addressing platinum degradation through further research, and ultimately reduces the high costs associated with replacing catalysts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pratibha L. Gai, Edward D. Boyes
Summary: Real-time in situ visualization and analysis of gas-solid catalyst reactions are crucial for understanding the relationship between dynamic catalyst atomic structure and function. Single atom processes and reaction mechanisms are believed to be important in catalytic reactions, but are not well understood under extreme reaction conditions like gas and temperature.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Amir M. Niroumand, Oldooz Pooyanfar, Natalia Macauley, Jake DeVaal, Farid Golnaraghi
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2015)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Natalia Macauley, Mark Watson, Michael Lauritzen, Shanna Knights, G. Gary Wang, Erik Kjeang
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2016)
Article
Electrochemistry
Natalia Macauley, Roger W. Lujan, Dusan Spernjak, Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Karren More, Rodney L. Borup, Rangachary Mukundana
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2016)
Article
Electrochemistry
Natalia Macauley, Alireza Sadeghi Alavijeh, Mark Watson, Joanna Kolodziej, Michael Lauritzen, Shanna Knights, Gary Wang, Erik Kjeang
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2015)
Article
Electrochemistry
N. Macauley, L. Ghassemzadeh, C. Lim, M. Watson, J. Kolodziej, M. Lauritzen, S. Holdcroft, E. Kjeang
ECS ELECTROCHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2013)
Proceedings Paper
Electrochemistry
Natalia Macauley, Rangachary Mukundan, David Langlois, K. C. Neyerlin, Shyam Kocha, Karren More, Madeline Odgaard, Rodney L. Borup
POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 16 (PEFC 16)
(2016)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)