Journal
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
Volume 62, Issue -, Pages 123-130Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.04.001
Keywords
Fuel cell; Battery; Super-capacitors; Control state; Energy management system
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This paper presents the multi-sources energy models and ruled based feedback control algorithm of an energy management system (EMS) for light electric vehicle (LEV), i.e., scooters. The multiple sources of energy, such as a battery, fuel cell (FC) and super-capacitor (Sc), EMS and power controller. DC machine and vehicle dynamics are designed and modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The developed control strategies continuously support the EMS of the multiple sources of energy for a scooter under normal and heavy power load conditions. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed and compared with that of the ECE-47 test drive cycle in terms of vehicle speed and load power. The results show that the designed vehicle's speed and load power closely match those of the ECE-47 test driving cycle under normal and heavy load conditions. This study's results suggest that the proposed control algorithm provides an efficient and feasible EMS for LEV. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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