Article
Construction & Building Technology
Christos Tsolkas, Evangelos Spiliotis, Elissaios Sarmas, Vangelis Marinakis, Haris Doukas
Summary: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy cost in the building sector requires effective energy management. This paper proposes a modular methodology that schedules the operating hours of the building's heating/cooling system using thermal comfort forecasts to ensure minimal energy consumption. The approach utilizes indoor air temperature and relative humidity forecasting models, as well as a data-driven algorithm to predict and maintain thermal comfort levels. Empirical evaluation shows improved user satisfaction and significant energy savings.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chris Price, Deokgeun Park, Bryan P. Rasmussen
Summary: This paper presents the implementation of cascaded control architectures for Air Handling Unit chilled water valves in three university campus buildings. The results gathered for more than a year show that cascaded control eliminates hunting, provides better tracking, and consistent performance. The paper also discusses the efficiency losses due to hunting behavior and presents a cost savings analysis from implementing cascaded chilled water valve control.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Man Wang, Borong Lin
Summary: This study proposes two data-driven control strategies for room temperature control in buildings. XGBoost and LSTM are used for energy consumption and room temperature prediction. One strategy predicts parameters for on-off states, while the other predicts parameters for power-on states. Results show that the second strategy successfully trains a usable DDPG model for controlling building HVAC systems.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jiaying Zhang, Chevy C. C. Chan, Helen H. L. Kwok, Jack C. P. Cheng
Summary: This study developed a multi-indicator adaptive ventilation control system using digital twin technology for the management of indoor air quality (IAQ) in heritage buildings. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to demonstrate sensor placement rules for IAQ monitoring and HVAC control. The optimal ventilation system control strategy achieved up to 30% energy savings.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xingbin Lin, Qi Guo, Deyu Yuan, Min Gao
Summary: The use of machine-learning algorithms for optimizing HVAC energy efficiency has been extensively studied. Previous research focused on data-driven model predictive controls and reinforcement learning, but these approaches were not efficient and stable enough for practical applications. This paper proposes a Bayesian optimization framework for HVAC control that achieves near-optimal control performance, high efficiency, and stability for large-scale applications.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Timothy I. Salsbury, Austin P. Rogers, Tim A. Yoder, Stephanie R. Johnson, Xiaoli Duan
Summary: In buildings, energy performance is determined by the control system and its ability to regulate variables and setpoints. Most buildings fail to reach their energy efficiency potential due to deficiencies in control performance. This paper addresses this problem by providing a standardized control score that allows for comparison and analysis of control performance. A prototype tool for displaying scores and results from application to a large building in Minneapolis are presented.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Michael Wetter, Paul Ehrlich, Antoine Gautier, Milica Grahovac, Philip Haves, Jianjun Hu, Anand Prakash, Dave Robin, Kun Zhang
Summary: The current process of specifying, installing, and commissioning building control sequences is manual and lacks formal quality control, resulting in low performance sequences at scale. To address this, a digitized building control delivery workflow with formal verification and a Control Description Language was introduced to allow customization, testing, and improvement of sequences by mechanical designers. This process has led to a proposed standard, ASHRAE 231P, for digitizing the building control delivery process through a standardized format for exchanging control logic.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Maximilian Mork, Nick Materzok, Andre Xhonneux, Dirk Mueller
Summary: This paper presents a nonlinear hybrid Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach for building energy systems based on Modelica. The approach considers the nonlinearities and discontinuities commonly found in building energy systems and uses a time-variant linearization approach to approximated nonlinear optimization problems. The proposed approach demonstrates good control quality and integration of multiple integer characteristics in a simulation study.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wenyi Wang, Guanyu Tian, Qun Zhou Sun, Hongrui Liu
Summary: Commercial buildings are valuable resources for demand response in energy and regulation markets. However, current control methods overlook the influence of fan control on the power consumption of water loop pumps and chillers. This paper presents a complete model of a commercial building HVAC system and develops a two-level control method for tracking energy market signals and frequency regulation signals, resulting in significant improvement in tracking accuracy.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Marjan Savadkoohi, Marcel Macarulla, Miquel Casals
Summary: Simple neural network architecture is an effective tool for transforming rule-based systems into predictive systems. Thermal comfort in office buildings is crucial, and a high-performance predictive system requires a sufficient training dataset. To overcome the limitation of historical data, a calibrated building model was used to generate, train, and test eight different sizes of datasets. Several key performance indicators were improved, and the impact of preprocessing techniques on prediction accuracy was studied. The results showed that at least 1-4 months of data are needed for accurate predictions, and two heating seasons provide optimal data size for calibration.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Seon Jung Ra, Jin-Hong Kim, Cheol Soo Park
Summary: This paper presents the application results of model predictive control (MPC) using multiple deep neural network (DNN) models in the cooling system of a factory building. The authors developed 10 simulation models to predict the thermal behavior of the HVAC system and indoor environment. The MPC approach successfully reduces the energy consumption of the condensing units while maintaining the cooling set-point temperature.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Cihan Turhan, Silvio Simani, Gulden Gokcen Akkurt
Summary: The study aims to improve thermal comfort and energy savings in HVAC systems by developing a thermal comfort-driven control algorithm, which was tested in a real building and shown to increase thermal comfort satisfaction by 92% and reduce energy consumption by 13.2% compared to a conventional PID controller. This prototype is cost-effective and easily deployable in real environments, distinguishing it from other existing works in the field.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ahmad Esmaeilzadeh, Brian Deal, Aghil Yousefi-Koma, Mohammad Reza Zakerzadeh
Summary: This paper aims to develop a decision-making tool to minimize the environmental footprints of HVAC systems in large commercial buildings. A case study is conducted on an airport terminal, where the initial HVAC system is modeled using hot water boilers, chillers, and air handling units. The decision-making system is then applied to a retrofitted hybrid HVAC system, which combines Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system, Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) unit, and the existing HVAC system.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Mohamed Toub, Chethan R. Reddy, Rush D. Robinett, Mahdi Shahbakhti
Summary: This paper reviews existing research on the combination of MicroCSP and building HVAC systems, and compares it to other thermal-assisted HVAC applications. Different topologies for integrating MicroCSP and building HVAC systems are proposed, alongside explanations of components and control-oriented models of standard MicroCSP systems. Additionally, various control strategies are detailed to optimally manage energy flow from the solar field to the building HVAC system to minimize energy consumption and operational costs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Magdi Rashad, Alina Zabnienska-Gora, Les Norman, Hussam Jouhara
Summary: Energy simulations of buildings provide detailed information on energy demand and enable the selection of optimal solutions. They help optimize architectural and installation solutions, reduce energy consumption, inform design and system decisions, and provide interesting feedback to investors.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Hai Tao, Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy, Omer A. Alawi, Haslinda Mohamed Kamar, Raad Z. Homod, Hussein A. Mohammed, Mustafa K. A. Mohammed, Abdul Rahman Mallah, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: A flat-plate solar collector was used to evaluate the energy and economic estimates through numerical simulation. Two different shapes and concentrations of nanofluids were tested, and hybrid nanocomposites were compared. CuO-Platelets showed the highest pressure drop and thermal enhancement, as well as a reduction in collector size. CuO@Cu-Spherical required a larger collector size. CuO-Platelets, CuO-Cylindrical, Cu-Platelets, and Cu-Cylindrical had the lowest total cost, while the total cost of CuO-Cu-Platelets varied depending on the mixing ratio.
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Hai Tao, Omer A. Alawi, Omar A. Hussein, Waqar Ahmed, Mahmoud Eltaweel, Raad Z. Homod, Ali H. Abdelrazek, Mayadah W. Falah, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: Recent technological advances enable the production of nanometer particles uniformly suspended in traditional solar liquids, enhancing thermo-physical parameters. A three-dimensional flat plate solar collector was constructed using a thin flat plate and a single working fluid pipe, and computational simulations were conducted. The results showed that increasing the working fluid velocity improved heat transfer coefficient, pressure loss, heat gain, and collector efficiency, while decreasing outlet fluid temperature and flat plate surface temperature. Among the evaluated nanofluids, 1%-S2 and 1%-S1 exhibited the highest thermal performance enhancement at Re = 1900, with 44.28% and 36.72% improvement respectively compared to pure distilled water.
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yuguo Gao, Ihab M. T. A. Shigidi, Masood Ashraf Ali, Raad Z. Homod, Mohammad Reza Safaei
Summary: Using various machine learning methods, this study predicted the thermophysical properties of phase change materials (PCM) containing three nanoparticles. Experimental data from the literature were used to establish the relationship between PCM and nanoparticles. The regression algorithms used in this research accurately predicted the properties of the materials.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2023)
Correction
Thermodynamics
Waqar Ahmed, Omer A. Alawi, Ali H. Abdelrazek, Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Mayadah W. Falah, Omar A. Hussein, Mahmoud Eltaweel, Raad Z. Homod, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Waqar Ahmed, Omer A. Alawi, Ali H. Abdelrazek, Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Mayadah W. Falah, Omar A. Hussein, Mahmoud Eltaweel, Raad Z. Homod, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik
Summary: In this study, the heat transfer performance of different concentrations of zinc nanosphere-based nanofluids in a heat exchanger was evaluated using both experimental and numerical methods. The results showed that the highest concentration of nanofluids exhibited the best energy transportation. The findings are of great significance for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in the chemical and petrochemical industries.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohamed Boujelbene, Marjan Goodarzi, Masood Ashraf Ali, Ihab M. T. A. Shigidi, Rami Adel Pashameah, Raad Z. Homod, Eman Alzahrani, Mohammad Reza Safaei
Summary: This study used XGBoost, Bayesian ridge, and SVR algorithms to optimize a cooling system design for a Li-ion battery arrangement. The results showed that the Bayesian ridge algorithm performed well in forecasting temperatures, making it suitable for future studies. The XGBoost algorithm was also employed to calculate temperatures over time.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Hasani Malekshah, Hikmet S. Aybar, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Raad Z. Homod
Summary: This paper focuses on the entropy production of natural convection in a simplified thermal storage using alumina-water nanofluid. The lattice Boltzmann method and Immersed Boundary Method are combined for accurate numerical simulation. The results show the streamlines, temperature field, and the influences of various factors.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ahmed Kadhim Hussein, Mohammed El Hadi Attia, Husham Jassim Abdul-Ammer, Muesluem Arici, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Obai Younis, Raad Z. Homod, Awatef Abidi
Summary: In this research, low-cost energy storage materials were used to enhance the performance of single-slope solar distillers. The conventional distiller was modified by adding salt balls and sponges to the basin at different water depths. The findings showed that using these energy storage materials significantly increased the productivity of the modified solar distillers.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hussein Togun, Hakim S. Sultan, S. Hamidatou, Hayder Mohammed, Raad Z. Homod, Muataz S. Alhassan, Jameel M. Dhabab, Abdellatif M. Sadeq, Zaher Mundher Yaseen, K. Deghoum, A. Hadjad
Summary: This research numerically analyses the thermal improvement of nanofluid flow in forward-facing reduction channels with and without hybrid ribs. The study shows that triangular ribs have a significant influence on the system's thermal efficiency, with an increase in Nusselt number near the top of the rib before decreasing towards the heating surface. The Nusselt number increases from 5400 to 5600 as the concentration of nanofluids increases from 1 vol% to 4 vol%. Overall, the flow rate, nanofluid concentration, unit configuration, and ribs strongly affect the Nusselt number behavior and the unit's thermal performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sameh E. Ahmed, Aissa Abderrahmane, As'ad Alizadeh, Maria Jade Catalan Opulencia, Obai Younis, Raad Z. Homod, Kamel Guedri, Hussein Zekri, Davood Toghraie
Summary: This study quantitatively investigates the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection in a three-dimensional (3D) lid-driven cavity loaded with a power-law nanofluid using the Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM). The findings demonstrate the influence of various parameters on flow, heat transfer, and entropy generation.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, Basil H. Jasim, Ali M. Jasim, Vladimir Bures, Arshad Naji Alhasnawi, Raad Z. Homod, Majid Razaq Mohamed Alsemawai, Rabeh Abbassi, Bishoy E. Sedhom
Summary: This study investigates the impact of household appliance energy management on electricity providers in terms of electricity demand and generation. By using the Improved Cockroach Swarm Optimization Algorithm (ICSOA) and the Innovative Apartments Appliance Scheduling (IAAS) framework, the cost of electricity reduction, user comfort maximization, and peak-to-average ratio reduction for apartment appliances are analyzed. The results show that the proposed ICSA algorithm performs better than the BFOA and W/O scheduling cases, providing advantages to both utilities and consumers.
Article
Thermodynamics
Fadhel Noraldeen Al-Mousawi, Raad Z. Homod, Nabeel S. Dhaidan, Raya AL-Dadah, Saad Mahmoud, Eman Elsayed, Peter Youssef, Basim K. Nile, Ahmed Elsayed
Summary: Adsorption technology can generate drinkable water and electricity simultaneously by utilizing thermal energy, such as solar thermal energy. The use of modern adsorbents with high water uptake, like MIL101 Cr, can produce a large amount of potable water and electric power. The study demonstrates the feasibility of a two-bed adsorption cycle for this purpose, with MIL101 Cr exhibiting the best performance in terms of adsorption/desorption and overall efficiency.
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Ghazwan Noori Saad Jreou, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Amjad Almusaed, Ahmed Kadhim Hussein, Wael Al-Kouz, Hussein Togun, Muneer A. Ismael, Hussein Alawai Ibrahim Al-Saaidi, Omer A. Alawi, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: Due to the influence of nonlinearities and high delay time, a hybrid model combining white-box and black-box approaches is developed to handle the behavior of a complex oil field system in Iraq. This model effectively represents the large data sets and achieves optimal fitness to measured values. The conversion of fuzzy rules into a multilayer perceptron network and the use of clustering technique and Gauss-Newton regression enhance the predictive performance of the hybrid model.
GEOENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Omer A. A. Alawi, Haslinda Mohamed Kamar, Mayadah W. W. Falah, Omar A. A. Hussein, Ali H. H. Abdelrazek, Waqar Ahmed, Mahmoud Eltaweel, Raad Z. Z. Homod, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: Mono, hybrid, and ternary nanofluids were tested in plain and twisted-tape pipes using k-omega shear stress transport turbulence models. The thermal performance and pressure drop of different nanofluids were compared at varying Reynolds numbers. Results showed that the twisted pipe had a higher outlet temperature and better energy utilization than the plain pipe. SiO2/DW exhibited improved heat transfer performance and reduced pressure drop at Re = 9,000. Overall, nanofluids showed superior thermohydraulic performance compared to distilled water, with DW having a higher thermohydraulic efficiency at Re = 15,000.
NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Basil Sh. Munahi, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Aissa Abderrahmane, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, A. S. Albahri, Hussein Togun, Umar F. Alqsair, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: In this study, the control problem of the multiple-boiler system (MBS) is formulated as a dynamic Markov decision process and a deep clustering reinforcement learning approach is applied to obtain the optimal control policy. The proposed strategy, based on bang-bang action, shows superior response and achieves more than 32% energy saving compared to conventional fixed parameter controllers under dynamic indoor/outdoor actual conditions.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Samiran Khorat, Debashish Das, Rupali Khatun, Sk Mohammad Aziz, Prashant Anand, Ansar Khan, Mattheos Santamouris, Dev Niyogi
Summary: Cool roofs can effectively mitigate heatwave-induced excess heat and enhance thermal comfort in urban areas. Implementing cool roofs can significantly improve urban meteorology and thermal comfort, reducing energy flux and heat stress.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Qi Li, Jiayu Chen, Xiaowei Luo
Summary: This study focuses on the vertical wind conditions as a main external factor that limits the energy assessment of high-rise buildings in urban areas. Traditional tools for energy assessment of buildings use a universal vertical wind profile estimation, without taking into account the unique wind speed in each direction induced by the various shapes and configurations of buildings in cities. To address this limitation, the study developed an omnidirectional urban vertical wind speed estimation method using direction-dependent building morphologies and machine learning algorithms.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaojun Luo, Lamine Mahdjoubi
Summary: This paper presents an integrated blockchain and machine learning-based energy management framework for multiple forms of energy allocation and transmission among multiple domestic buildings. Machine learning is used to predict energy generation and consumption patterns, and the proposed framework establishes optimal and automated energy allocation through peer-to-peer energy transactions. The approach contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and enhances environmental sustainability.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ying Yu, Yuanwei Xiao, Jinshuai Chou, Xingyu Wang, Liu Yang
Summary: This study proposes a dual-layer optimization design method to maximize the energy sharing potential, enhance collaborative benefits, and reduce the storage capacity of building clusters. Case studies show that the proposed design significantly improves the performance of building clusters, reduces energy storage capacity, and shortens the payback period.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Felix Langner, Weimin Wang, Moritz Frahm, Veit Hagenmeyer
Summary: This paper compares two main approaches to consider uncertainties in model predictive control (MPC) for buildings: robust and stochastic MPC. The results show that compared to a deterministic MPC, the robust MPC increases the electricity cost while providing complete temperature constraint satisfaction, while the stochastic MPC slightly increases the electricity cost but fulfills the thermal comfort requirements.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Somil Yadav, Caroline Hachem-Vermette
Summary: This study proposes a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of a Double Skin Facade (DSF) system and its impact on indoor conditions. The model considers various design parameters and analyzes their effects on the system's electrical output and room temperature.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ruijun Chen, Holly Samuelson, Yukai Zou, Xianghan Zheng, Yifan Cao
Summary: This research introduces an innovative resilient design framework that optimizes building performance by considering a holistic life cycle perspective and accounting for climate projection uncertainties. The study finds that future climate scenarios significantly impact building life cycle performance, with wall U-value, windows U-value, and wall density being major factors. By using ensemble learning and optimization algorithms, predictions for carbon emissions, cost, and indoor discomfort hours can be made, and the best resilient design scheme can be selected. Applying this framework leads to significant improvements in building life cycle performance.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
