Article
Thermodynamics
Yanlong Sun, Xinming Qian, Mengqi Yuan, Qi Zhang, Ziyuan Li
Summary: The study investigated the explosion characteristics of methanol-gasoline, including its explosion limit, the influence of temperature on the limit, and flame propagation in a glass container. The lower explosion limit of methanol-gasoline increased with higher methanol volume fraction. Temperature had little effect on the explosion limit, and flame propagation velocity in the container was approximately 0.31 m/s.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Stephen Sakai, David Rothamer
Summary: This study investigated the critical sooting equivalence ratios and particulate formation during spark-ignition combustion for ethanol, isobutanol, and methylbutenol blended with gasoline. The results showed that increasing the alcohol content decreased the chemical sooting tendency and particulate emissions for all alcohol-gasoline blends tested, with methylbutenol showing the lowest sooting tendency. These findings suggest that methylbutenol has potential as a biofuel for blending with gasoline.
Article
Thermodynamics
Song Cheng, S. Scott Goldsborough, Scott W. Wagnon, William J. Pitz
Summary: This study investigates the blending effects of C3-C4 iso-alcohols on the characteristics of intermediate temperature heat release (ITHR) for a research-grade gasoline. Experimental observations show strong promoting and decelerating effects of iso-alcohols on ITHR within the low-temperature regime, with a diminishing influence in the intermediate-temperature regime. Chemical kinetic modeling highlights the importance of fuel-specific and non-fuel-specific reactions in determining ITHR characteristics.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Krishna C. Kalvakala, Pinaki Pal, Jorge Pulpeiro Gonzalez, Christopher P. Kolodziej, Hee Je Seong, Goutham Kukkadapu, Matthew McNenly, Scott Wagnon, Russell Whitesides, Nils Hansen, Suresh K. Aggarwal
Summary: In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to investigate the impact of blending two biofuels, ethanol and n-butanol, with gasoline on combustion phasing and soot emissions in a low load engine. The results showed that both fuel chemistry and physical properties had an influence on combustion and soot emissions, with a greater effect observed at earlier injection timings.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lukas Matejovsky, Petr Baros, Martin Stas, Milan Pospisil, Jan Macak
Summary: This study investigates the effect of different alcohol content in ethanol-gasoline and butanol-gasoline blends on mild steel corrosion, finding that contamination increases the aggressiveness of the fuels against mild steel, particularly in butanol-gasoline blends. It was observed that in ethanol-gasoline blends with an ethanol content of 60% or higher, an initial quasi-passive state was present but not persistent. Pitting corrosion was observed in fuels with ethanol content of 100% and in blends containing 40% or more butanol.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jihad Badra, Faisal Alowaid, Alma Alhussaini, Aqeelah Alnakhli, Abdullah S. AlRamadan
Summary: This study fills the knowledge gap by providing octane number measurements for MTBE blended with various pure components and gasoline fuels. The results show that the blending characteristics of MTBE with different components are not the same, and the octane numbers of the blends are dependent on the composition of the base gasoline fuel. Predictive models are developed to predict and optimize the octane boost caused by MTBE addition to gasoline fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abdullah S. AlRamadan, S. Mani Sarathy, Jihad Badra
Summary: Ethanol is widely used as a gasoline octane booster, and its blending response varies, leading to synergistic, linear, or antagonistic effects. This study provides new research octane number (RON) and motor octane number (MON) measurements of ethanol blended with various gasoline surrogates, helping understand the blending responses.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Petr Baros, Lukas Matejovsky, Jan Macak, Martin Stas, Milan Pospisil
Summary: Bioalcohols are promising renewable alternative fuels to gasoline in road transport. This study evaluated the corrosion aggressiveness of alcohol-gasoline blends to mild steel and stainless steel. It was found that stainless steel exhibited high corrosion resistance in all tested fuels, while mild steel showed good corrosion resistance only in pure alcohol-gasoline blends. Furthermore, butanol-gasoline blends were found to be more aggressive to mild steel, especially after contamination.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yoshua Lian Calvin, Pandega Atana Tamma Hariyanto, Addarda Irsyad Usman, Muchalis Masuku, Cahyo Setyo Wibowo, Maymuchar, Riesta Anggarani, Nur Allif Fathurrahman, Bambang Sugiarto
Summary: The study found that the vapor pressure of GE blends is highly affected by non-ideal vapor-liquid equilibrium mixture, with the initial boiling point gradually increasing as the ethanol concentration rises. Additionally, the addition of ethanol leads to a linear increment in RON, oxygenate content, and density for each type of gasoline.
Article
Thermodynamics
Lis Corral-Gomez, Guillermo Rubio-Gomez, David Rodriguez-Rosa, Andrea Martin-Parra, Daniel de la Rosa-Urbalejo, Simon Martinez-Martinez
Summary: Knock remains a major limitation in improving the efficiency of spark-ignition engines. Alcohol-gasoline blends, particularly methanol and ethanol, are effective in reducing knock and allowing for higher compression ratios. However, recent attention has shifted to butanol blends, which have been found to be less knock resistant. Testing the knock performance of different blends provides valuable insights into their ability to mitigate knock.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Budi Waluyo, Muji Setiyo, Saifudin, I. N. G. Wardana
Summary: This study investigates the fuel performance of stable homogeneous gasoline-methanol-ethanol blends. Results showed that after adding ethanol, the mixture no longer separated. In performance tests, the G-90 and G-95 blends exhibited the highest torque output.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alexis Tanner, William Hallett
Summary: This study investigates the evaporation behavior of blends of biodiesel with 1-propanol and 1-pentanol as single droplets, using experimental data and numerical models. The phase equilibrium of the alcohol-biodiesel mixture is modeled using activity coefficients from the UNIFAC method. The diffusion-limited model is found to best represent the droplet evaporation process, and bubble formation is observed due to the large difference in boiling point between the alcohol and biodiesel components.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Weidi Huang, Raditya Hendra Pratama, Mitsuharu Oguma, Koichi Kinoshita, Yoshinaka Takeda, Shunsuke Suzuki
Summary: The near-nozzle spray dynamics of synthetic dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-gasoline blends were examined using X-ray phase contrast imaging. Increasing DMC content enlarged the spray spreading angle and reduced the near-nozzle spray velocity. Pure DMC had the largest Sauter mean diameter and least droplet number, but their values became consistent as the ambient gas temperature increased. The existing empirical correlation was feasible to predict the SMD of DMC-gasoline blends, but tuning of the constants was necessary. Within the experimental conditions, the DMC-gasoline blends underwent the same spray breakup regime.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mortadha K. Mohammed, Hyder H. Balla, Zaid Maan H. Al-Dulaimi, Zaid S. Kareem, Mudhaffar S. Al-Zuhairy
Summary: The negative effects of traditional engine fuels on climate change have led to a high level of competition in finding alternative fuels that are more environmentally friendly. Alcohol fuels, particularly ethanol, have been found to be practical for blending with traditional engine fuels like gasoline. Research has shown that blending ethanol with gasoline can increase power, efficiency, and reduce harmful exhaust gases. However, ethanol may have a negative impact on volumetric efficiency, while also improving power and efficiency as its concentration increases.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Trost, Adam Polcar, Dorin Boldor, Divine Bup Nde, Artur Wolak, Vojtech Kumbar
Summary: The study investigates the effects of blending biobutanol into gasoline and finds that blends with 5% and 10% biobutanol exhibit very similar fluid properties to pure gasoline, while blends with 85% biobutanol show distinct fluid properties from gasoline, especially in negative temperatures. Mathematical polynomial multivariate models were created for practical applications, and three-dimensional graphs were constructed based on these models.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ole John Nielsen, Merete Bilde
Summary: The two articles offer a clear description of stratospheric ozone depletion and its chemical reactions, leading to the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole and the political actions taken through the Montreal Protocol and its amendments, marking the beginning of a new scientific era.
Editorial Material
Engineering, Environmental
Mads Peter Sulbaek Andersen, Ole John Nielsen, Jodi D. Sherman
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Eva R. Kjaergaard, Emil Vogt, Kristian H. Moller, Ole John Nielsen, Henrik G. Kjaergaard
Summary: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the reaction of CH3OCF2CHF2 with Cl or OH radicals, revealing the formation of two main products. The experimental results indicated that chlorine radicals predominantly react with CH3OCF2CHF2 by hydrogen abstraction from the -CH3 site.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mads Peter Sulbaek Andersen, Joanna Ohide, Theis Solling, Ole John Nielsen
Summary: In this study, FTIR-smog chamber techniques were used to investigate the reactions of CF3CN under various gas diluents. It was found that the atmospheric lifetime of CF3CN is determined by its reaction with OH, producing COF2 as a major product. The global warming potential of CF3CN was estimated to be 1030 for a 100 year time horizon.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mads Peter Sulbaek Andersen, Ole John Nielsen
Summary: In this study, the photolysis products of CF3CHO were found to be mainly COF2, and no formation of HFC-23 was observed.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Anesthesiology
Jan F. A. Hendrickx, Ole John Nielsen, Stefan De Hert, Andre M. De Wolf
Summary: The EU has proposed to restrict or ban the use of desflurane without prior consultation with major stakeholders, which will impact daily anaesthesia practice. It is important to not overlook methods to reduce wasted potent inhaled anaesthetics despite restrictions or bans on one anaesthetic agent.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mads P. Sulbaek Andersen, Morten Frausig, Ole John Nielsen
Summary: The atmospheric chemistry of CCl2FCH2CF3 (HFCF-234fb) was studied using FT-IR/relative-rate methods. The rate coefficients of CCl2FCH2CF3 reacting with OH and Cl were determined, and the atmospheric lifetime of CCl2FCH2CF3 was estimated to be approximately 21 years.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS
(2023)
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ole John Nielsen
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Indranil Dutta, Rajesh Kumar Parsapur, Sudipta Chatterjee, Amol M. Hengne, Davin Tan, Karthik Peramaiah, Theis I. Solling, Ole John Nielsen, Kuo-Wei Huang
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Physical
Mads Peter Sulbaek Andersen, Joanna Ohide, Theis I. Solling, Ole John Nielsen
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Physical
Mads P. Sulbaek P. Andersen, Aleksandra Volkova, Sofie A. Hass, Jonathan W. Lengkong, Dvien Hovanessian, Theis I. Solling, Timothy J. Wallington, Ole J. Nielsen
Summary: Correction for 'Atmospheric chemistry of (Z)- and (E)-1,2-dichloroethene: kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O-3' by Mads P. Sulbaek Andersen et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 7356-7373, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP04877E.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mads Peter Sulbaek Andersen, Sasha Madronich, Joanna May Ohide, Morten Frausig, Ole John Nielsen
Summary: In this study, the photolysis of CF3CHO and the quantum yields of various products were investigated. The results suggest that the photolytic production of CF3H may occur at stratospheric altitudes and is related to the source of CF3CHO.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Freja Hasager, Ole John Nielsen, Kurt Mikkelsen
Summary: This study presents a computational investigation of geometric parameters, infrared (IR) and Raman frequencies, as well as molecular Rayleigh scattering of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), providing important insights into the subunits of larger graphitic materials. The calculated results exhibit good agreement with experimental and simulated data from the literature.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mads P. Sulbaek Andersen, Aleksandra Volkova, Sofie A. Hass, Jonathan W. Lengkong, Dvien Hovanessian, Theis Solling, Timothy J. Wallington, Ole J. Nielsen
Summary: This study investigates the kinetics and mechanisms of the oxidation of (Z)- and (E)-1,2-dichloroethene under atmospheric conditions. Smog chambers interfaced with in situ FT-IR detection were used to measure the rate constants of different reactions and study the formation of products. The results show that chlorine atom elimination and photochemical ozone creation potential play important roles in the atmospheric chemistry of these compounds.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
T. J. Wallington, M. P. Sulbaek Andersen, O. J. Nielsen
Summary: It is argued that a precise definition of PFAS is needed to focus technical and regulatory discussions on environmental impacts, excluding certain groups and compounds. The focus should be on long-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
(2021)
