Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
M. Cortazar, L. Santamaria, G. Lopez, J. Alvarez, M. Amutio, J. Bilbao, M. Olazar
Summary: The study investigated the performance of Fe/olivine catalysts in biomass steam gasification, showing significant efficiency improvement in the gasification process, particularly in tar reduction.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maria Cortazar, Jon Alvarez, Gartzen Lopez, Maider Amutio, Maite Artetxe, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar
Summary: The combination of delocalized units for biomass pyrolysis and centralized units for bio-oil gasification is an economically attractive option for full-scale syngas production. The study focuses on validating a bio-oil feeding device and assessing the effect of gasification temperature on gas properties and conversion efficiency. The results show that increasing temperature promotes tar reduction, carbon conversion efficiency, and gas yield.
Article
Thermodynamics
K. Nicolas Ripoll, Eugene Salgansky, T. Mario Toledo
Summary: Numerical simulations and experimental results showed that increasing coal content favored a normal thermal structure, while increasing steam content led to a shift from normal to inverse thermal structure. The presence of steam significantly affected the temperature and concentration of gaseous products of the combustion wave.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tianle Dai, Cheng Xu, Qingmin Zhang, Xin Liu, Zheshao Chang, Yongping Yang
Summary: By utilizing solar-driven gasification technology, this study successfully improved the energy efficiency and gasification performance of coal. Experimental results demonstrated a significant increase in syngas yield and carbon conversion rate under different parameters.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hongyang Zuo, Kuo Zeng, Dian Zhong, Jun Li, Yi Qiu, Huaqian Xu, Gilles Flamant, Haiping Yang, Hanping Chen
Summary: New numerical models are developed to describe the shrinkage behavior of the packed bed in solar driven gasification reactors. The models account for feedstock consumption and collapse, and are solved using finite element techniques. The models are applied to compare predicted and measured performances of a 5-kW reactor.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michela Costa, Maurizio La Villetta, Daniele Piazzullo, Domenico Cirillo
Summary: A one-dimensional phenomenological model for biomass gasification in downdraft reactors was developed and experimentally validated. The model showed good agreement with locally measured temperature, pressure drop, and gas composition along the reactor axis. Parametric analyses revealed the impact of porosity and biomass moisture content on the gasification process.
Article
Thermodynamics
Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Mubashar Omar, Anjum Munir, Wei li, Muhammad Ajmal, Sajjad Hussain, Syed Amjad Ahmad, Amjad Ali
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of biomass ratios on gasification efficiency, reactor thermal profile, and specific yield of syngas composition and tar contents. The results suggested that the mixture of sugarcane bagasse + coconut shells was a suitable feedstock mixture for gasification.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shakirudeen A. Salaudeen, Bishnu Acharya, Animesh Dutta
Summary: This study numerically investigated the steam gasification of hydrochar derived from fruit wastes using Aspen Plus. The results showed that hydrothermal carbonization increased the CO content and decreased the CO2 content of the syngas, while HHV increased with pressure. Temperature had an impact on the composition of the syngas.
Article
Thermodynamics
Babalola Aisosa Oni, Samuel Eshorame Sanni, Prosper Monday-Ohien Ikhazuangbe, Anayo Jerome Ibegbu
Summary: Steam-air gasification of Cymbopogon citratus was conducted to produce syngas and hydrogen using different steam to biomass ratios and temperatures. The results showed that gasification temperature, equivalent ratio, and steam to biomass ratio all affected the yield of hydrogen and syngas. Syngas can serve as a precursor for hydrogen production, and the equivalent ratio is an important design parameter for steam-air gasification-reactors.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yali Gao, Miao Wang, Abdul Raheem, Fuchen Wang, Juntao Wei, Deliang Xu, Xudong Song, Weina Bao, Ankui Huang, Shu Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: This review systematically examines the effects of biomass feedstock properties and gasification reaction conditions on the properties of syngas produced from biomass gasification. The cracking and reforming of volatile fractions, as well as the catalytic effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals, have a direct impact on syngas yield. Biomass pretreatment, such as torrefaction/hydrothermal carbonization, can reduce moisture content and enhance the energy efficiency and calorific value of syngas. Different gasifier types and temperatures also affect syngas production. Furthermore, the influence of feedstock on syngas production is discussed, along with the importance of studying multiple gasification agents for future syngas production.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhibin Liu, Chuankai Zhao, Longhao Cai, Xinman Long
Summary: A multi-stage model for H-2 rich syngas production from biomass gasification was developed in this study. The results showed that under specific conditions, high H-2 content and carbon conversion efficiency can be achieved.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Cao, Yu Bai, Jiang Du
Summary: Biomass was studied as a potential renewable energy source, and a model was developed to predict gasification characteristics and performances. The study found that gasification temperature significantly influenced gas composition and product yields, while equivalence ratio and steam/biomass ratio affected gasification characteristics.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Di Xie, Yi Zhong, Jingchun Huang, Bo Wang, Zhenqi Wang, Wei Hu, Changxi Zhao, Yu Qiao
Summary: In this study, the steam gasification performance of raw and torrefied mixed food wastes was investigated. Results showed that when cabbage was co-gasified with rice or pork, there was a synergistic promotion of H-2 and CO2 production. However, the interaction between pork and rice led to an inhibition effect on gas formation. Torrefaction pretreatment enhanced the synergistic promotions of H-2, CO2, and CO production for mixtures containing cabbage, and alleviated the inhibitory effect for mixtures of pork and rice. Overall, co-gasification of food waste with high AAEM content with another typical food waste and torrefaction pretreatment were found to improve gasification efficiency.
Article
Thermodynamics
D. T. Pio, L. C. M. Ruivo, L. A. C. Tarelho, J. R. Frade, E. Kantarelis, K. Engvall
Summary: This study investigated the tar concentration in the producer gas from direct gasification of residual forest biomass from eucalyptus, and found that the tar concentration decreased significantly with increasing gasifier operation time.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuhang Song, Ye Tian, Xiong Zhou, Shimang Liang, Xuanyu Li, Yu Yang, Liang Yuan
Summary: This paper presents a kinetic model of biomass gasification for producing H-2-rich syngas using the Aspen Plus process simulator. It is found that gas yield, H-2/CO ratio, carbon conversion efficiency, etc. increase with temperature and equivalence ratio, while air induction decreases the higher heating value of the product gas.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Vikas R. Patil, Fabio Kiener, Adrian Grylka, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: The study investigated the design and testing of a 5 kW solar cavity-receiver with a reticulated porous ceramic structure for high-temperature heat conversion. Experimental results showed that different RPC materials, pore sizes, solar concentration ratios, and air flow rates influenced thermal efficiency and air outlet temperature, with silicon-infused silicon carbide demonstrating the highest efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
B. Bulfin, S. Ackermann, P. Furler, A. Steinfeld
Summary: This article discusses the large-scale thermochemical methane reforming to syngas technology and compares two reforming routes utilizing solar energy and conventional fuel as heat sources, namely redox reforming and catalytic reforming. The analysis highlights that the redox cycle approach could produce a higher quality syngas, but at the expense of additional thermodynamic constraints, which are sensitive to carbon formation, and also lead to a greater energy demand relative to catalytic reforming.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
J. Madhusudhan Naik, Clemens Ritter, Brendan Bulfin, Aldo Steinfeld, Rolf Erni, Greta R. Patzke
Summary: By introducing a novel Ce-substituted lanthanum strontium manganite perovskite-oxide composite, the gap between ceria and perovskite oxide-based materials has been successfully bridged, leading to an improved extent of CO2 splitting conversion and a novel CO2 splitting reaction mechanism has been elucidated.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
B. Bulfin, L. Buttsworth, A. Lidor, A. Steinfeld
Summary: A combination of PSA with a downstream redox chemical looping cycle is proposed for removing trace oxygen from atmospheric air to produce high-purity nitrogen. The nonstoichiometric perovskite SrFeO3-delta is selected for its favorable thermodynamics, rapid oxidation kinetics, and intermediate reduction temperatures. The long term stability of the material was demonstrated over 250 redox cycles via thermogravimetry.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
L. Brinkman, B. Bulfin, A. Steinfeld
Summary: This study analyzed the technical performance of a cyclic reduction and oxidation process of metal oxides as a hydrogen storage route, with iron oxide selected as the most promising candidate. A thermodynamic model was developed to determine favorable process temperatures and the energy demand for storage was calculated to be 27% of the lower heating value of hydrogen. Compared to other hydrogen storage methods, the iron-based storage shows drawbacks for on-board mobile applications but potential advantages for large-scale and long-term storage applications.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Remo Schappi, David Rutz, Fabian Dahler, Alexander Muroyama, Philipp Haueter, Johan Lilliestam, Anthony Patt, Philipp Furler, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: This article discusses the potential of using solar-driven thermochemical processes to produce carbon-neutral transportation fuels by capturing H2O and CO2 from the atmosphere. This method can be effectively implemented in desert regions and has been tested on a pilot scale.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wanxia Zhao, Jan Marti, Aldo Steinfeld, Zeyad T. Alwahabi
Summary: The study investigated the optical properties and scattering behavior of thermographic phosphors using an experimental and numerical analysis approach, comparing the scattering performance of ZnO:Zn and BAM phosphors. It was found that BAM exhibited more significant scattering effects, and smaller particle sizes promoted higher scattering efficiency.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Samantha Reig, Terrence Fong, Jodi Forlizzi, Aaron Steinfeld
Summary: With the integration of computing technology into various settings, scholars in human-computer interaction have started to explore the implications of smart environments. Previous research often focused on smart homes, examining user values, interaction methods, stakeholder needs, and user trust. However, future smart environments will not be limited to homes and will require a systemic, user experience design-oriented approach. This survey article reviews prior research and proposes research directions for smart environments.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Wild, Lorenz Luond, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: This study presents a modular, high-temperature thermochemical energy storage system based on reversible gas-solid reactions, demonstrating good cycling stability and high energy storage capacities. The experimental results showed promising performance of the reactor prototype with specified gravimetric and volumetric heat storage capacities.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Stefan Zoller, Erik Koepf, Dustin Nizamian, Marco Stephan, Adriano Patane, Philipp Haueter, Manuel Romero, Jose Gonzalez-Aguilar, Dick Lieftink, Ellart de Wit, Stefan Brendelberger, Andreas Sizmann, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: This article reports on an experimental demonstration of producing kerosene from H2O and CO2 using concentrated solar energy, with a setup relevant to industrial implementation. This is a significant milestone towards the production of sustainable aviation fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alon Lidor, Yves Aschwanden, Jamina Haseli, Pit Reckinger, Philipp Haueter, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: The solar splitting of H2O and CO2 through a thermochemical redox cycle is a viable way to produce sustainable fuels for transportation. The ability to recover and reuse heat during the process is crucial for achieving high solar-to-fuel energy efficiency.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
S. Capstick, B. Bulfin, J. M. Naik, M. Gigantino, A. Steinfeld
Summary: A redox chemical looping process using a non-stoichiometric perovskite oxide Sr0.8Ca0.2FeO3-δ was investigated as an add-on deoxygenation unit for the production of high-purity nitrogen from air. The material exhibited fast kinetics and a greater oxygen capacity compared to state-of-the-art SrFeO3. Experimental testing and modeling were conducted to validate the performance and scalability of the technology, showing good performance and lower energy demand compared to existing nitrogen production technologies. This technology has the potential to significantly expand the usable oxygen impurity range for nitrogen production using pressure swing adsorption systems.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
B. Bulfin, M. Zuber, O. Graub, A. Steinfeld
Summary: Chemical reactions can have thermodynamic limits on species conversion, leading to negative impacts on process design. Unconverted feedstock often needs to be separated and recycled, which increases energy demand, process complexity, and cost. Countercurrent reactor systems, similar to heat exchangers, can improve the thermodynamic limits and conversion of species. This work introduces a countercurrent redox reactor system, called a regenerative reactor, which utilizes the unique properties of non-stoichiometric oxides in a packed-bed chemical-looping reactor to store favorable oxygen potential inclines. The concept is demonstrated and validated for the reverse water-gas shift reaction, a critical step in synthetic e-fuel processing, achieving a CO2-to-CO molar conversion of 88%, compared to a thermodynamic limit of 58% for the conventional process at the same conditions. Modelling results suggest that this method can approximately double the ideal thermodynamic conversion.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sebastian Sas Brunser, Fabio L. Bargardi, Rafael Libanori, Noemi Kaufmann, Hugo Braun, Aldo Steinfeld, Andre R. Studart
Summary: Fuel produced from CO2 and H2O using solar energy can contribute to making aviation more sustainable. A study presents the design and 3D-print of hierarchically channeled structures to enable volumetric radiative absorption of ceria, improving the solar-to-fuel energy efficiency. The channeled structures achieve a higher and more uniform temperature profile, doubling the volume-specific fuel yield for the same solar flux input.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mario Zuber, Moritz Patriarca, Simon Ackermann, Philipp Furler, Ricardo Conceicao, Jose Gonzalez-Aguilar, Manuel Romero, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: The study discusses the use of drop-in fuels made with solar energy for sustainable transportation, particularly in the long-haul aviation industry heavily dependent on jet fuel. The researchers experimentally test a solar reactor that utilizes concentrated solar energy to produce syngas, a precursor for the synthesis of kerosene and other liquid hydrocarbon fuels. They find that the solar-driven redox reforming process yields a peak CH4 molar conversion of 70% and a peak H2 selectivity of 68%, with a solar-to-fuel energy efficiency of 27%, making it a promising option for sustainable transportation.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2023)
