Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhaowen Wang, Xiaojie Li, Lin Xiang, Yuhan Huang, Bing Lang, Xiaobei Cheng, Jie Zhang
Summary: This study compares the spray combustion characteristics of neat diesel, neat RP-3 and RP-3/diesel blends under different conditions. The results show that the blending ratio of RP-3 has significant effects on the spray and combustion processes. RP-3/diesel blends exhibit faster evaporation and lower soot emissions than neat diesel and RP-3 alone.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Korosh Mahmodi, Mostafa Mostafaei, Esmaeil Mirzaee-Ghaleh
Summary: This study used an electronic nose, artificial neural network, and response surface method to analyze various biodiesel and petroleum diesel blended fuels. The results showed that the artificial neural network method achieved a 100% accuracy in classifying and discriminating pure biodiesel fuels, while the response surface method had an accuracy of 92.4%. The artificial neural network method also demonstrated high accuracy in identifying and classifying different blended fuels, with accuracies ranging from 96.5% to 100%.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuwei Zhao, Ting Li, Tianlin Niu, Wenxiu Zheng, Yijing Xie, E. Weibo
Summary: This study investigates the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled by coal-based diesel fuels and their blends with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn). The results showed that the coal-based diesel blends had slightly lower output torques and powers compared to petroleum diesel fuel. The addition of PODEn improved emission characteristics but reduced the engine power and torque.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Matteo Parravicini, Christophe Barro, Konstantinos Boulouchos
Summary: The study experimented with eight fuels, finding that all alternative fuels improved emissions of soot and NOx. Oxygenated fuels mixed faster with air, while the behavior of paraffinic fuels depended on molecular length.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mohammed El-Adawy
Summary: To enhance the performance and combustion attributes of a diesel engine, this study utilizes different blends of diesel, second generation biodiesel, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The addition of ZnO compensates for the poor combustion characteristic of biodiesel, leading to improved engine torque and reduced fuel consumption. The inclusion of ZnO also enhances the engine heat release rate, ignition delay period, and in-cylinder pressure.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Velmurugan Kulanthaivel, Arunprasad Jayaraman, Thirugnanasambantham Rajamanickam, Sugumar Selvam
Summary: Green biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel are being considered as potential solutions to reduce pollutant emissions and decrease society's reliance on fossil fuels. Experimental evaluations on ternary blends of diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol in a diesel engine show improvements in engine performance, optimization of fuel injection timing, and effects of ethanol on combustion delay. Specific conditions of rotation, torque, and fuel injection moments are considered to determine the effects of different ethanol proportions on efficiency in the engine supplied with blends.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jianbo Zhou, Rui Zhang, Wenxiong Xi, Weidong Zhao
Summary: The study focused on exploring alternative fuels for diesel engines to promote environmental sustainability. By using chemical reaction kinetics and simulation software, the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with hydrogenated biodiesel and ethanol were studied. The results showed that the combustion reactions were promoted with an increase in the proportion of ester alcohol diesel mixture, leading to improved cylinder pressure and reduced soot emissions compared to diesel.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dervis Erol, Murat Kadir Yesilyurt, Hayri Yaman, Battal Dogan
Summary: The research evaluated the usability of diesel-biodiesel and diesel-biodiesel-hexanol fuel blends as alternatives to diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted and the sustainability index was calculated. The results showed that the diesel-biodiesel binary fuel blend was the most suitable alternative fuel, with higher thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, and sustainability index values compared to pure diesel fuel. The sustainability index decreased with an increase in alcohol and hexanol ratios in the fuel blends.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Sergii Sagin, Sergey Karianskyi, Volodymyr Madey, Arsenii Sagin, Tymur Stoliaryk, Ivan Tkachenko
Summary: This article presents the results of research on the impact of biofuel on the environmental and economic performance of marine diesel engines. The research used a fuel mixture of diesel fuel RMA10 and FAME biofuel to determine the optimal concentration of biofuel. The findings showed that using biofuel improved the environmental friendliness of diesel engines by reducing nitrogen oxide and carbon oxide emissions. However, the economic efficiency of diesel operation decreased as specific fuel consumption increased when using biofuel. The highest environmental efficiency was achieved with a fuel mixture of 10-15% biofuel at 80% diesel load.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Mechanical
Mahmoud Sayed, Mohamed Elhemaly
Summary: Environmental pollution is a major global issue, and internal combustion engines are a significant source of emissions. Many countries are interested in using biodiesel as an alternative fuel to reduce pollution. Recent studies show that vehicles and equipment can operate with biodiesel blends, with research focusing on reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from diesel engines burning biodiesel blends.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAVY VEHICLE SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
N. C. Kothiyal, Kumar Vaneet, Kumar Naresh, Saruchi, Pandey Sadanand, Sabah Ansar
Summary: The aim of this research was to reduce 16 carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from petrodiesel engine exhaust by blending green diesel with various biodiesel fuels. The study found that blending Jatropha oil green diesel with diesel significantly reduced the concentration of almost all PAHs.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jing Li, Yifei Liang, Shuo Wang, Shaohua Wu, Wenming Yang, Rui Liu
Summary: In this study, the blending of n-octanol with biodiesel was investigated to improve combustion characteristics and reduce emissions in a diesel engine. The simulations showed that blending more n-octanol could lead to a longer ignition delay, lower NOx emissions, higher power output, and decrease in soot emissions. B20/O80 blends were found to achieve more efficient and cleaner combustion in the diesel engine.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ruina Li, Zhong Wang, Chunyi Tang, Xin Meng
Summary: The study found that with the increase of methanol blending ratio, the diameter of particulates decreased, while the H2O and SOF contents increased and the soot content decreased. Additionally, the increase of methanol mixing ratio decreased the activation energy of particulate pyrolysis reaction, making the oxidative reaction of particulates easier to carry out.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ye Min Oo, Jarernporn Thawornprasert, Narong Intaprom, Kammarat Rodniem, Krit Somnuk
Summary: The research compared the engine performance and exhaust emissions of direct injection (DI) and indirect injection diesel (IDI) engines fueled with different types of fuel. Results showed that the DI engine had higher efficiency and lower fuel consumption compared to the IDI engine, particularly at high engine loads. The study also demonstrated that the use of nanoemulsion fuel in the IDI engine significantly reduced NOx emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jinhong Shi, Tie Wang, Haonan Yuwen, Haoya Wang, Guanzuo Ji
Summary: The study revealed that compared with 0# diesel, F-T diesel showed better ignition performance, lower cylinder pressure, and heat release rate, and significantly reduced emissions of CO, HC, NOx, and particulate matter.
Article
Thermodynamics
Alberto Broatch, Pablo Olmeda, Benjamin Pla, Amin Dreif, Angelo Onorati, Andrea Marinoni
Summary: Temperatures in hybrid powertrains play a key role in fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. This study presents a methodology for studying integrated thermal management systems in hybrid propulsion systems, using a combination of experimental measurements and 0D/1D models. The novelty of this work lies in the extensive experimental measurements conducted to develop different models, especially for the internal combustion engine, allowing for the study of thermal integration in hybrid powertrains. The results demonstrate that the integrated thermal management system improves energy consumption during engine warming up under warm and cold conditions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Alberto Broatch, Benjamin Pla, Pau Bares, Augusto Perin
Summary: To improve the efficiency and range of electric vehicles, a prediction-based controller algorithm is proposed to estimate future energy demands and optimize battery temperature. Experimental results show that this method can reduce energy consumption by minimizing the use of battery heater.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Vicente Macian, Bernardo Tormos, Antonio Garcia-Barbera, Adbeel Balaguer
Summary: Fuel dilution in engine oil is a common problem in internal combustion engines, leading to negative effects on oil performance. Traditional detection methods require expensive equipment and specialized personnel. This study proposed an alternative method using UV-vis and NIR spectroscopy for quantifying diesel fuel dilution, and demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy is the most suitable method. Additionally, multivariate calibration methods combined with NIR spectroscopy can predict fuel concentration, with the best predictive model obtained using Partial Least Squares Regression.
Article
Thermodynamics
Andrea Massimo Marinoni, Angelo Onorati, Gianluca Montenegro, Lorenzo Sforza, Tarcisio Cerri, Pablo Olmeda, Amin Dreif
Summary: This work focuses on the development and application of advanced predictive 0D/1D methodologies for simulating Real Driving Emission (RDE) cycles. A 1D simulation model is validated on steady-state operating points and then used for simulating a typical RDE transient cycle. The results show good predictiveness of the models and the high potential of 0D/1D simulation codes as design tools in this new scenario of demanding testing procedures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Emmanuele Frasci, Ricardo Novella Rosa, Benjamin Pla Moreno, Ivan Arsie, Elio Jannelli
Summary: The sales of Compression-Ignition (CI) engines have been decreasing in recent years due to the higher efficiency of Spark-Ignition (SI) engines. However, lean combustion can improve the efficiency of SI engines by increasing the specific heats ratio and reducing pumping losses. The prechamber ignition concept, known as Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI), is a promising solution for implementing lean combustion in SI engines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
A. Broatch, M. Carreres, J. Garcia-Tiscar, M. Rodriguez-Pastor
Summary: Combustion noise in gas turbine engines has become a relevant source of aircraft noise due to new burner architectures and optimization of other conventional noise sources. The coupling relationship between combustion noise and pressure, axial velocity, and fuel mass fraction is verified through simulation and experimental validation. It is found that the dominant frequency of the pressure signal resonates with the Vortex Breakdown Bubble, but no resonance occurs in the frequency distribution of the OH mass fraction, and there is no feedback interaction between acoustics and combustion, resulting in only combustion noise.
AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ricardo Novella, Joaquin De la Morena, Vincenzo Pagano, Rafael Pitarch
Summary: Pre-chamber spark ignition combustion has advantages in achieving stable operation and increased combustion speed in lean or diluted mixtures. However, it faces challenges in combustion process stratification and sensitivity to pre-chamber geometry variations. Previous works have explored the effects of pre-chamber volume, flow area, and nozzle orifice number and distribution. This study focuses on the effect of orifice orientation on combustion development, flame propagation, and combustion efficiency. Results show that induced swirling motion has a positive impact on subsequent flame propagation and combustion efficiency under ultra-lean conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
S. Gil-Sayas, G. Di Pierro, A. Tansini, S. Serra, D. Curro, A. Broatch, G. Fontaras
Summary: In 2019, global passenger car CO2 emissions reached a peak of 3.2 billion metric tons. Despite efforts to reduce vehicle CO2 emissions, emissions from road vehicles have been steadily increasing. Electrified vehicles have gained market share, but range anxiety and insufficient charging infrastructure remain obstacles. The heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, or Mobile Air-Conditioning (MAC), is found to be the most energy-consuming auxiliary system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Eduardo Tomanik, Antonio J. Jimenez-Reyes, Victor Tomanik, Bernardo Tormos
Summary: In this study, two machine learning models were developed and applied to a truck RDE test and two light-duty vehicle chassis emission tests. Unlike traditional methods, the engine parameters and fuel consumption were acquired from the Engine Control Unit instead of test measurement equipment. By using instantaneous engine data as input, accurate predictions were made using machine learning-based digital twins.
Article
Thermodynamics
M. Piras, V. De Bellis, E. Malfi, R. Novella, M. Lopez-Juarez
Summary: This paper proposes an adaptive energy management strategy (A-EMS) based on speed forecasting for a heavy-duty fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCV) to achieve stable battery charge sustenance in realistic driving conditions. The A-EMS integrates a validated and optimized fuel cell system model and a short-term velocity prediction layer using a LSTM neural network. The results show that A-EMS improves battery charge sustaining compared to the standard ECMS (S-ECMS) in real driving conditions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Tiseira, R. Novella, L. M. Garcia-Cuevas, M. Lopez-Juarez
Summary: This study aims to develop a lightweight rotary-winged transport vehicle with a hydrogen-based fuel cell propulsion system to address the need for clean and efficient urban air transport. Two designs were created, capable of carrying 0 or 1 passenger for a distance of 300 km at a cruising altitude of 500 m with a minimum climbing rate of 6 m/s at 1000 m. Depending on the application, the vehicle mass ranges from 416 to 648 kg, with specific ranges and endurance of 46.2-47.8 km/kg and 20.4-21.3 min/kg for design 1, and 33.3-33.8 km/kg and 12.5-13.9 min/kg for design 2.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Alberto Broatch, Pablo Olmeda, Xandra Margot, Sebastian Aceros
Summary: Due to the climate crisis and restriction measures, electric buses are becoming more popular. However, their low autonomy is a significant disadvantage. Many electric buses with PEMFC systems have been developed to address this issue. Thermal management is crucial for fuel cells, and this study investigates different strategies for the integral thermal management system of a fuel cell electric bus. A global model of an FCEB was developed and used to evaluate different strategies, simulating driving cycles in Valencia, Spain under winter weather conditions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Santiago Molina, Ricardo Novella, Josep Gomez-Soriano, Miguel Olcina-Girona
Summary: The increase in global temperature and extreme weather events caused by human activity are critical consequences. Transportation is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, which drive climate change. The European Union aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 and hydrogen is seen as a promising carbon-free energy source. Experimental activities were conducted on a spark-ignition engine fueled with hydrogen to understand the impact of combustion processes on engine performance and pollutant emissions under different conditions. The results provide insights into the potential of hydrogen as a future fuel for transportation.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
R. Novella, J. M. Pastor, J. Gomez-Soriano, I. Barbery
Summary: This research utilizes numerical simulation to study the combustion process of spark-ignition engines with two different pre-chamber designs (tangential holes and radial holes). The results show that the tangential hole design exhibits better combustion stability and more uniform flame distribution, while the radial hole design exhibits unstable behavior and asymmetric flame evolution.
Article
Thermodynamics
Antonio Jose Torregrosa, Alberto Broatch, Pablo Olmeda, Luca Agizza
Summary: A generalized equivalent circuit model for lithium-iron phosphate batteries is proposed in this work, which only relies on the nominal capacity available in the cell datasheet. By utilizing previously characterized cell data, a generalized zeroth-order model is developed. Despite not requiring detailed data on electrical parameters, the model provides an excellent description of the electrical behavior for low-energy and high-energy cells.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yong Cheng, Fukai Song, Lei Fu, Saishuai Dai, Zhiming Yuan, Atilla Incecik
Summary: This paper investigates the accessibility of wave energy absorption by a dual-pontoon floating breakwater integrated with hybrid-type wave energy converters (WECs) and proposes a hydraulic-pneumatic complementary energy extraction method. The performance of the system is validated through experiments and comparative analysis.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jing Gao, Chao Wang, Zhanwu Wang, Jin Lin, Runkai Zhang, Xin Wu, Guangyin Xu, Zhenfeng Wang
Summary: This study aims to establish a new integrated method for biomass cogeneration project site selection, with a focus on the application of the model in Henan Province. By integrating Geographic Information System and Multiple Criterion Decision Making methods, the study conducts site selection in two stages, providing a theoretical reference for the construction of biomass cogeneration projects.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mert Temiz, Ibrahim Dincer
Summary: The current study presents a hybrid small modular nuclear reactor and solar-based system for sustainable communities, integrating floating and bifacial photovoltaic arrays with a small modular reactor. The system efficiently generates power, hydrogen, ammonia, freshwater, and heat for residential, agricultural, and aquaculture facilities. Thermodynamic analysis shows high energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as large-scale ammonia production meeting the needs of metropolitan areas. The hybridization of nuclear and solar technologies offers advantages of reliability, environmental friendliness, and cost efficiency compared to renewable-alone and fossil-based systems.
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Wojciech Stanek, Wojciech Adamczyk
Article
Thermodynamics
Desheng Xu, Yanfeng Li, Tianmei Du, Hua Zhong, Youbo Huang, Lei Li, Xiangling Duanmu
Summary: This study investigates the optimization of hybrid mechanical-natural ventilation for smoke control in complex metro stations. The results show that atrium fires are more significantly impacted by outdoor temperature variations compared to concourse/platform fires. The gathered high-temperature smoke inside the atrium can reach up to 900 K under a 5 MW train fire energy release. The findings provide crucial engineering insights into integrating weather data and adaptable ventilation protocols for smoke prevention/mitigation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Da Guo, Heping Xie, Mingzhong Gao, Jianan Li, Zhiqiang He, Ling Chen, Cong Li, Le Zhao, Dingming Wang, Yiwei Zhang, Xin Fang, Guikang Liu, Zhongya Zhou, Lin Dai
Summary: This study proposes a new in-situ pressure-preserved coring tool and elaborates its pressure-preserving mechanism. The experimental and field test results demonstrate that this tool has a high pressure-preservation capability and can maintain a stable pressure in deep wells. This study provides a theoretical framework and design standards for the development of similar technologies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Aolin Lai, Qunwei Wang
Summary: This study assesses the impact of China's de-capacity policy on renewable energy development efficiency (REDE) using the Global-MSBM model and the difference-in-differences method. The findings indicate that the policy significantly enhances REDE, promoting technological advancements and marketization. Moreover, regions with stricter environmental regulations experience a higher impact.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mostafa Ghasemi, Hegazy Rezk
Summary: This study utilizes fuzzy modeling and optimization to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). By simulating and analyzing experimental data sets, the ideal parameter values for increasing power density, COD elimination, and coulombic efficiency were determined. The results demonstrate that the fuzzy model and optimization methods can significantly improve the performance of MFCs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhang Ruan, Lianzhong Huang, Kai Wang, Ranqi Ma, Zhongyi Wang, Rui Zhang, Haoyang Zhao, Cong Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a grey box model for fuel consumption prediction of wing-diesel hybrid vessels based on feature construction. By using both parallel and series grey box modeling methods and six machine learning algorithms, twelve combinations of prediction models are established. A feature construction method based on the aerodynamic performance of the wing and the energy relationship of the hybrid system is introduced. The best combination is obtained by considering the root mean square error, and it shows improved accuracy compared to the white box model. The proposed grey box model can accurately predict the daily fuel consumption of wing-diesel hybrid vessels, contributing to operational optimization and the greenization and decarbonization of the shipping industry.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huayi Chang, Nico Heerink, Junbiao Zhang, Ke He
Summary: This study examines the interaction between off-farm employment decisions between couples and household clean energy consumption in rural China, and finds that two-paycheck households are more likely to consume clean energy. The off-farm employment of women is a key factor driving household clean energy consumption to a higher level, with wage-employed wives having a stronger influence on these decisions than self-employed ones.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hanguan Wen, Xiufeng Liu, Ming Yang, Bo Lei, Xu Cheng, Zhe Chen
Summary: Demand-side management is crucial to smart energy systems. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to understand the relationship between energy consumption patterns and household characteristics for better DSM services. The proposed method uses a clustering algorithm to generate optimal customer groups for DSM and a deep learning model for training. The model can predict the possibility of DSM membership for a given household. The results demonstrate the usefulness of weekly energy consumption data and household socio-demographic information for distinguishing consumer groups and the potential for targeted DSM strategies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinglan Hou, Xiuping Zhong, Shuaishuai Nie, Yafei Wang, Guigang Tu, Yingrui Ma, Kunyan Liu, Chen Chen
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of utilizing a multi-level horizontal branch well heat recovery system in the Qiabuqia geothermal field. The research systematically investigates the effects of various engineering parameters on production temperature, establishes mathematical models to describe their relationships, and evaluates the economic viability of the system. The findings demonstrate the significant economic feasibility of the multi-level branch well system.
Article
Thermodynamics
Longxin Zhang, Songtao Wang, Site Hu
Summary: This investigation reveals the influence of tip leakage flow on the modern transonic rotor and finds that the increase of tip clearance size leads to a decline in rotor performance. However, an optimal tip clearance size can extend the rotor's stall margin.
Article
Thermodynamics
Kristian Gjoka, Behzad Rismanchi, Robert H. Crawford
Summary: This paper proposes a framework for assessing the performance of 5GDHC systems and demonstrates it through a case study in a university campus in Melbourne, Australia. The results show that 5GDHC systems are a cost-effective and environmentally viable solution in mild climates, and their successful implementation in Australia can create new market opportunities and potential adoption in other countries with similar climatic conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianwei Li, Guotai Wang, Panpan Yang, Yongshuang Wen, Leian Zhang, Rujun Song, Chengwei Hou
Summary: This study proposes an orientation-adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester by introducing a rotatable bluff body, which allows for self-regulation to cater for changing wind flow direction. Experimental results show that the output power of the energy harvester can be greatly enhanced with increased rotatory inertia of the rotating bluff body, providing a promising solution for harnessing wind-induced vibration energy.
