Journal
ENERGY
Volume 35, Issue 8, Pages 3364-3374Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.04.022
Keywords
Distributed generation; Fuzzy satisfying method; Soft constraint handling; Immune algorithm; Multi-objective optimization
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This paper presents a dynamic multi-objective model for distribution network expansion, considering the distributed generations as non-wire solutions. The proposed model simultaneously optimizes two objectives namely, total costs and technical constraint satisfaction by finding the optimal schemes of sizing, placement and specially the dynamics (i.e., timing) of investments on DG units and/or network reinforcements over the planning period. An efficient heuristic search method is proposed to find non-dominated solutions of the formulated problem and a fuzzy satisfying method is used to choose the final solution. The effectiveness of the proposed model and search method are assessed and demonstrated by various studies on an actual distribution network. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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