Article
Thermodynamics
Idris Cesur
Summary: The use of alternative fuels is effective in reducing pollutant emissions from spark-ignition engines. However, water injection during combustion can further reduce emissions and improve engine performance. In this study, a gasoline-methanol blend was used as the fuel and water injection was applied at different rates. The results show that water injection can decrease HC and NOx emissions while also increasing the effective power of the engine.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mii Betchaku, Yoshinao Nakagawa, Masazumi Tamura, Mizuho Yabushita, Yasutomo Miura, Shinya Iida, Keiichi Tomishige
Summary: Reforming of toluene with model exhaust gas was conducted at 773K using Ni-M/Mg/Al (Ni 12 wt%, M = Fe, Co, Cu). NiFe/Mg/Al showed higher performance in terms of activity, cokedeposition resistance and stability compared to Ni/Mg/Al. Ni-Fe/Mg/Al demonstrated high coke-deposition resistance and suppressed substrate decomposition and CO disproportionation.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
S. T. P. Purayil, Mohammad O. Hamdan, S. A. B. Al-Omari, M. Y. E. Selim, E. Elnajjar
Summary: Rapid depletion of conventional fossil fuels and increasing environmental concern have led to an urgent need for research on finding an alternative fuel with minimal environmental impacts. Hydrogen is considered as an important fuel for the future, as it addresses the aforementioned pressing issues. This review critically analyzes the combustion performance, emission, and cyclic variation characteristics of a hydrogen-gasoline dual fuel engine. According to scientific literature, hydrogen-gasoline dual fuel engines exhibit good thermal efficiency at low and partial loads, but their performance deteriorates at high loads.
Article
Energy & Fuels
B. Karpanai Selvan, Soni Das, M. Chandrasekar, R. Girija, S. John Vennison, N. Jaya, P. Saravanan, M. Rajasimman, Yasser Vasseghian, N. Rajamohan
Summary: The study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of various biomass blends in a diesel engine. The results show that the AO10D blend performs well with higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions at 50% load.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lukasz Wargula, Piotr Lijewski, Mateusz Kukla
Summary: This study conducted emission tests on five small spark-ignition engines used in road infrastructure development and operation. The results showed that innovative solutions reduced CO, CO2, and hydrocarbon emissions but increased NOx compounds.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wooyeong Kim, Chansoo Park, Choongsik Bae
Summary: Dual-fuel combustion using natural gas and diesel has potential benefits in terms of cleaner combustion and better fuel economy, with varying natural gas/diesel mixture qualities impacting the spatial distribution of flame regimes.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ameer Suhel, Norwazan Abdul Rahim, Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman, Khairol Amali Bin Ahmad
Summary: The influence of magnetite nanoparticles and hydrogen induction on the combustion performance and exhaust emissions of CFME20 blend was evaluated in a 1-cylinder dual DICI engine. Results showed a significant reduction in emissions, especially oxides of nitrogen, with the nano-additive fuel. Performance parameters improved with escalating nanoparticles dosage. Hydrogen induction further decreased emissions and enhanced the BTE, although oxides of nitrogen increased with higher hydrogen flow rates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yasir Hussain Siddiqui, Muhammad Shakaib, Adnan Rasheed, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Syed Mohammad Rizwan Azeem, Athar Husain Siddique, Muhammad Shafiq
Summary: The present study investigates the effectiveness of graphite and iron oxide nanofuel additives on exhaust emissions and performance of a gasoline engine. Results show that graphite blends have higher brake power, brake thermal efficiency, and torque, as well as lower brake-specific fuel consumption, NOx, and CO2 emissions compared to iron oxide blends. However, graphite blends produce more CO and HC emissions. Overall, graphite nanoparticles are more engine and environment friendly than iron oxide fuel additives.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Erol Gultekin, Alper Calam, Mukerrem Sahin
Summary: In this study, trimethyl borate was analyzed as a fuel additive for a spark-ignition engine. The results showed that the addition of trimethyl borate can accelerate combustion and improve engine performance and emissions.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xu Liu, Wenjun Zhong, Peng Jiang, Liming Dai, Zhixia He, Qian Wang
Summary: The objective of this study is to explore the challenges associated with the RCCI concept under low loads and to investigate the effects of low-reactivity fuel and direct injection timing. The increase in ethanol content results in longer ignition delay and a displacement of the ignition kernels towards the downstream of the fuel stream. Delaying the DI timing of HCB reduces ignition delay time and creates a higher concentration gradient of the combustible mixture, resulting in a higher apparent heat release rate and shorter combustion duration. Delaying the DI timing substantially impacts the characteristics of flame kernels generation and propagation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mortadha K. Mohammed, Hyder H. Balla, Zaid Maan H. Al-Dulaimi, Zaid S. Kareem, Mudhaffar S. Al-Zuhairy
Summary: The negative effects of traditional engine fuels on climate change have led to a high level of competition in finding alternative fuels that are more environmentally friendly. Alcohol fuels, particularly ethanol, have been found to be practical for blending with traditional engine fuels like gasoline. Research has shown that blending ethanol with gasoline can increase power, efficiency, and reduce harmful exhaust gases. However, ethanol may have a negative impact on volumetric efficiency, while also improving power and efficiency as its concentration increases.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Aaron Yip, Jan B. Haelssig, Michael J. Pegg
Summary: The composition of a multicomponent pool fire changes during burning, affecting key fire properties such as burning rate. Models based on fuel properties and correlations for flame height and temperature are crucial for predicting burning rate and assessing fire hazards in scenarios involving multicomponent fuels.
Article
Thermodynamics
Seyyed Hassan Hosseini, Hajar Rastegari, Mortaza Aghbashlo, Ali Hajiahmad, Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Pouya Mohammadi, Abdollah Jamal Sisi, Esmail Khalife, Junting Pan, Alireza Khataee, Meisam Tabatabaei
Summary: This study investigated the use of metal-organic framework nanoparticles in diesel fuel and found that the nano-emulsion fuel blends performed similarly to diesel in terms of combustion and performance parameters. However, they exhibited significantly lower nitrogen oxide and smoke emissions. These findings are crucial for achieving a more environmentally friendly diesel combustion process.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yan Huo, Miao Chen, Tian Li, Gao-Wan Zou, Hui Dong
Summary: This paper studied the water mist system in the engine room of a deepwater semi-submersible support platform. The effect of water mist on the heat absorption and oxygen insulation of diesel pool fires was analyzed, and the applicable parameters of the water mist fire extinguishing system were determined. The experimental results showed that the hierarchical multi-parameter combined high-pressure water mist system is effective for both shielded and non-shielded fires.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Usman Asad, Prasad S. Divekar, Ming Zheng
Summary: Dual-fuel combustion of ethanol and diesel in a high-compression ratio diesel engine showed improved combustion performance, reduced NOx and soot emissions, and increased net indicated efficiency compared to conventional diesel high-temperature combustion. The use of renewable bio-fuels such as ethanol in dual-fuel combustion can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance the viability of diesel engines for heavy-duty transport applications.
Article
Thermodynamics
Alexios Matamis, Sara Lonn, Ludovica Luise, Bianca Maria Vaglieco, Martin Tuner, Oivind Andersson, Marcus Alden, Mattias Richter
Summary: Methanol is a promising candidate for renewable fuels, derived from waste materials with global infrastructure support for adoption and high efficiency. Despite limited research on methanol compression-ignition, its low soot properties make it a viable option for engines.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Silvana Di Iorio, Francesco Catapano, Agnese Magno, Paolo Sementa, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: This study investigates the sub-23 nm particles emitted from a small gasoline engine under different operating conditions and fuel types. The results show a strong dependency of the particle emissions on the engine operation and fuel type, with a moderate impact from the three-way catalyst. The dilution parameters in the sampling system also have a significant effect on the measurement of the sub-23 nm particles, highlighting the importance of defining an appropriate protocol for their measurement.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
F. Catapano, A. Frazzica, A. Freni, M. Manzan, D. Micheli, V. Palomba, P. Sementa, B. M. Vaglieco
Summary: This paper presents an advanced energy system for ships that recovers waste heat from the propulsion system to increase overall efficiency. A prototype integrating electrical production and thermal energy storage has been developed and tested under realistic operating conditions of boat during a winter and summer cruise. The results show that the integrated system can recover enough thermal energy to satisfy hot water demand during the cruise, eliminating the need for auxiliary boilers. Optimal integration and sizing of the thermal energy storage significantly improve thermodynamic, economic, and environmental results for future clean ships.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luigi Sequino, Ezio Mancaruso, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: Thermal management is crucial for the automotive industry to develop high-efficiency and low-impact future vehicles. This study investigates the similarities between the thermal behavior of engine components and batteries, providing insights into the thermal management of new mobility systems. Experimental investigations and modeling are conducted to analyze the thermodynamic processes involved in the operation, with the aim of understanding and improving the thermal control of batteries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Andrea Frazzica, Marco Manzan, Valeria Palomba, Vincenza Brancato, Angelo Freni, Amedeo Pezzi, Bianca M. Vaglieco
Summary: This study presents the development and testing of a hybrid thermal energy storage system that utilizes phase change material as the storage medium, increasing the energy storage density. Two numerical models were also developed for design and optimization of the system.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francesco Catapano, Silvana Di Iorio, Agnese Magno, Paolo Sementa, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: This study focuses on the measurement of sub-23 nm particles emitted from a small DI/PFI spark ignition engine using conventional techniques and innovative systems. The effects of different fuels and operating conditions on particle emissions were analyzed. The results showed that the size and quantity of particles emitted were influenced by the fuel, injection strategy, and operating condition. The sampling system conditions were also found to have a significant impact on particle emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Giovanni Cecere, Adrian Irimescu, Simona Silvia Merola, Luciano Rolando, Federico Millo
Summary: Lean burn spark ignition (SI) engines are effective solutions for improving fuel economy and reducing exhaust emissions. However, lean operation increases cyclic variability and has a negative impact on power output, engine efficiency, roughness, and operating stability. This article investigates the effects of spark plug geometry and electrode orientation on the initial phase of combustion in direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines under lean burn conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Adrian Irimescu, Simona Silvia Merola, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: Spark ignition (SI) engines are commonly used for distributed power generation applications, providing quick deployment and cost-effective electricity. Fixed ignition timing is often employed for small size engines, utilizing wasted spark systems with two spark events per cycle. However, more complex control systems are being applied to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. This study proposes a method for identifying top dead center (TDC) phasing in real-time using current measurements in the secondary ignition circuit. The algorithm was tested on a 50 cm^3 SI unit connected to a 1 kW power generator, achieving a TDC identification success rate over 99.8%.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fadila Maroteaux, Ezio Mancaruso, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) is an important process for internal combustion engines, allowing reduction in NOx and PM emissions while maintaining higher thermal efficiency. This study investigates the effect of engine operating conditions on LTC mode through optical measurements and numerical simulations on a transparent CR diesel engine. The results show that the model accurately describes the initial heterogeneities of the mixture.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Adrian Irimescu, Bianca Maria Vaglieco, Simona Silvia Merola, Vasco Zollo, Raffaele De Marinis
Summary: This study investigates the possibility of converting a small-size passenger car to run on hydrogen fuel. The initial evaluation shows that the concept is feasible and comparable to electric vehicles in terms of powertrain performance. However, adjustments in fuel delivery timing and interaction with the electronic control unit are crucial to prevent backfire and improve conversion efficiency. Additional requirements are also identified compared to standard conversion kits for LPG or CNG fueling.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Silvana Di Iorio, Francesco Catapano, Agnese Magno, Paolo Sementa, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: Electrification is seen as a long-term solution for decarbonization, but in the medium term, propulsion systems will still dominate urban mobility and require a shift to low carbon fuels. The EU's goal of carbon neutrality by 2050 is encouraging the use of innovative fuels and powertrains. This study investigates the effects of ethanol/methanol blends on the performance and emissions of a turbocharged direct injection spark ignition engine. Different alcohol blends were tested, and it was found that emissions decreased with higher alcohol content, with particle emissions decreasing for ethanol blends and increasing for blends with methanol.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Adrian Irimescu, Bianca Maria Vaglieco, Simona Silvia Merola, Vasco Zollo, Raffaele De Marinis
Summary: In this study, the conversion of a small-size passenger car to hydrogen fueling was evaluated based on achievable range and peak power. The concept was found to be feasible and comparable to a fully electric vehicle. Cylinder imbalance was identified as a possible issue compared to gasoline operation. The study also investigated the impact of cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) on vehicle dynamics and noise-harshness-vibration (NHV), and found that hydrogen fuel can significantly improve stability while cylinder imbalance remained a main source of variability.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yong Cheng, Fukai Song, Lei Fu, Saishuai Dai, Zhiming Yuan, Atilla Incecik
Summary: This paper investigates the accessibility of wave energy absorption by a dual-pontoon floating breakwater integrated with hybrid-type wave energy converters (WECs) and proposes a hydraulic-pneumatic complementary energy extraction method. The performance of the system is validated through experiments and comparative analysis.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jing Gao, Chao Wang, Zhanwu Wang, Jin Lin, Runkai Zhang, Xin Wu, Guangyin Xu, Zhenfeng Wang
Summary: This study aims to establish a new integrated method for biomass cogeneration project site selection, with a focus on the application of the model in Henan Province. By integrating Geographic Information System and Multiple Criterion Decision Making methods, the study conducts site selection in two stages, providing a theoretical reference for the construction of biomass cogeneration projects.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mert Temiz, Ibrahim Dincer
Summary: The current study presents a hybrid small modular nuclear reactor and solar-based system for sustainable communities, integrating floating and bifacial photovoltaic arrays with a small modular reactor. The system efficiently generates power, hydrogen, ammonia, freshwater, and heat for residential, agricultural, and aquaculture facilities. Thermodynamic analysis shows high energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as large-scale ammonia production meeting the needs of metropolitan areas. The hybridization of nuclear and solar technologies offers advantages of reliability, environmental friendliness, and cost efficiency compared to renewable-alone and fossil-based systems.
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Wojciech Stanek, Wojciech Adamczyk
Article
Thermodynamics
Desheng Xu, Yanfeng Li, Tianmei Du, Hua Zhong, Youbo Huang, Lei Li, Xiangling Duanmu
Summary: This study investigates the optimization of hybrid mechanical-natural ventilation for smoke control in complex metro stations. The results show that atrium fires are more significantly impacted by outdoor temperature variations compared to concourse/platform fires. The gathered high-temperature smoke inside the atrium can reach up to 900 K under a 5 MW train fire energy release. The findings provide crucial engineering insights into integrating weather data and adaptable ventilation protocols for smoke prevention/mitigation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Da Guo, Heping Xie, Mingzhong Gao, Jianan Li, Zhiqiang He, Ling Chen, Cong Li, Le Zhao, Dingming Wang, Yiwei Zhang, Xin Fang, Guikang Liu, Zhongya Zhou, Lin Dai
Summary: This study proposes a new in-situ pressure-preserved coring tool and elaborates its pressure-preserving mechanism. The experimental and field test results demonstrate that this tool has a high pressure-preservation capability and can maintain a stable pressure in deep wells. This study provides a theoretical framework and design standards for the development of similar technologies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Aolin Lai, Qunwei Wang
Summary: This study assesses the impact of China's de-capacity policy on renewable energy development efficiency (REDE) using the Global-MSBM model and the difference-in-differences method. The findings indicate that the policy significantly enhances REDE, promoting technological advancements and marketization. Moreover, regions with stricter environmental regulations experience a higher impact.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mostafa Ghasemi, Hegazy Rezk
Summary: This study utilizes fuzzy modeling and optimization to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). By simulating and analyzing experimental data sets, the ideal parameter values for increasing power density, COD elimination, and coulombic efficiency were determined. The results demonstrate that the fuzzy model and optimization methods can significantly improve the performance of MFCs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhang Ruan, Lianzhong Huang, Kai Wang, Ranqi Ma, Zhongyi Wang, Rui Zhang, Haoyang Zhao, Cong Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a grey box model for fuel consumption prediction of wing-diesel hybrid vessels based on feature construction. By using both parallel and series grey box modeling methods and six machine learning algorithms, twelve combinations of prediction models are established. A feature construction method based on the aerodynamic performance of the wing and the energy relationship of the hybrid system is introduced. The best combination is obtained by considering the root mean square error, and it shows improved accuracy compared to the white box model. The proposed grey box model can accurately predict the daily fuel consumption of wing-diesel hybrid vessels, contributing to operational optimization and the greenization and decarbonization of the shipping industry.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huayi Chang, Nico Heerink, Junbiao Zhang, Ke He
Summary: This study examines the interaction between off-farm employment decisions between couples and household clean energy consumption in rural China, and finds that two-paycheck households are more likely to consume clean energy. The off-farm employment of women is a key factor driving household clean energy consumption to a higher level, with wage-employed wives having a stronger influence on these decisions than self-employed ones.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hanguan Wen, Xiufeng Liu, Ming Yang, Bo Lei, Xu Cheng, Zhe Chen
Summary: Demand-side management is crucial to smart energy systems. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to understand the relationship between energy consumption patterns and household characteristics for better DSM services. The proposed method uses a clustering algorithm to generate optimal customer groups for DSM and a deep learning model for training. The model can predict the possibility of DSM membership for a given household. The results demonstrate the usefulness of weekly energy consumption data and household socio-demographic information for distinguishing consumer groups and the potential for targeted DSM strategies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinglan Hou, Xiuping Zhong, Shuaishuai Nie, Yafei Wang, Guigang Tu, Yingrui Ma, Kunyan Liu, Chen Chen
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of utilizing a multi-level horizontal branch well heat recovery system in the Qiabuqia geothermal field. The research systematically investigates the effects of various engineering parameters on production temperature, establishes mathematical models to describe their relationships, and evaluates the economic viability of the system. The findings demonstrate the significant economic feasibility of the multi-level branch well system.
Article
Thermodynamics
Longxin Zhang, Songtao Wang, Site Hu
Summary: This investigation reveals the influence of tip leakage flow on the modern transonic rotor and finds that the increase of tip clearance size leads to a decline in rotor performance. However, an optimal tip clearance size can extend the rotor's stall margin.
Article
Thermodynamics
Kristian Gjoka, Behzad Rismanchi, Robert H. Crawford
Summary: This paper proposes a framework for assessing the performance of 5GDHC systems and demonstrates it through a case study in a university campus in Melbourne, Australia. The results show that 5GDHC systems are a cost-effective and environmentally viable solution in mild climates, and their successful implementation in Australia can create new market opportunities and potential adoption in other countries with similar climatic conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianwei Li, Guotai Wang, Panpan Yang, Yongshuang Wen, Leian Zhang, Rujun Song, Chengwei Hou
Summary: This study proposes an orientation-adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester by introducing a rotatable bluff body, which allows for self-regulation to cater for changing wind flow direction. Experimental results show that the output power of the energy harvester can be greatly enhanced with increased rotatory inertia of the rotating bluff body, providing a promising solution for harnessing wind-induced vibration energy.
