Review
Cell Biology
Carsten Gruendker, Guenter Emons
Summary: The HPG axis regulates the female menstrual cycle through GnRH, which can impact ovarian cancer either indirectly through the HPG axis or directly through receptors on the surface of tumor cells.
Review
Cell Biology
Gunter Emons, Carsten Gruendker
Summary: Endometrial cancer expresses GnRH and its receptor, which can regulate proliferation, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. GnRH agonists are used in fertility preserving therapy for early EC, but show limited activity in advanced or recurrent EC. Further clinical trials exploring the GnRH-system in EC may be beneficial.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Santosh Rijal, Seon Hui Jang, Dong Hyu Cho, Seong Kyu Han
Summary: This study found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as signaling molecules to regulate the excitability of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, and adult GnRH neurons are sensitive to increased ROS concentration.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Tasuku Harada, Yutaka Osuga, Yusuke Suzuki, Masaki Fujisawa, Motoko Fukui, Jo Kitawaki
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of 40-mg relugolix compared with leuprorelin in treating endometriosis-associated pain. The results demonstrated that relugolix was noninferior to leuprorelin in relieving pelvic pain, and both medications had comparable safety profiles.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mattia Camera, Isabella Russo, Valentina Zamboni, Alessandra Ammoni, Simona Rando, Alessandro Morellato, Irene Cimino, Costanza Angelini, Paolo Giacobini, Roberto Oleari, Federica Amoruso, Anna Cariboni, Isabelle Franceschini, Emilia Turco, Paola Defilippi, Giorgio R. Merlo
Summary: The absence of the p140Cap gene in mice leads to abnormalities in fertility, puberty development, and hormone secretion. This may be due to its role in the development of the hypothalamic gonadotropic system and modulation of glutamatergic signaling.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Yutaka Osuga, Yoshifumi Seki, Masataka Tanimoto, Takeru Kusumoto, Kentarou Kudou, Naoki Terakawa
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of relugolix in treating endometriosis-associated pain, showing that oral administration of relugolix alleviated pain in a dose-response manner and was generally well tolerated. Relugolix demonstrated efficacy and safety comparable to leuprorelin, another treatment option.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Mor Kishner, Libat Habaz, Lana Meshnik, Tomer Dvir Meidan, Alexandra Polonsky, Anat Ben-Zvi
Summary: This study found that GnRH receptors in Caenorhabditis elegans regulate protein homeostasis in different somatic tissues during the transition to adulthood. They modulate the activity of transcription factors and affect reproductive capacity. This suggests that GnRH-like signaling plays a crucial regulatory role in controlling reproduction and quality control.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Georgia Biniari, Christos Markatos, Agathi Nteli, Haralambos Tzoupis, Carmen Simal, Alexios Vlamis-Gardikas, Vlasios Karageorgos, Ioannis Pirmettis, Panagiota Petrou, Maria Venihaki, George Liapakis, Theodore Tselios
Summary: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a key role in regulating human reproduction and fertility. GnRH receptor type I (GnRHR I), expressed on both healthy and cancer cells, is a potential target for anti-cancer drugs. This study synthesized a series of anthraquinone/mitoxantrone-GnRH conjugates and found promising results in terms of binding affinity and potential for further pharmacological evaluation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Dorota Walkiewicz, Zofia Wicik, Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
Summary: The study identified pathways associated with age-related changes in human B lymphocytes, including the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) pathway, which is involved in both aging and lymphocyte activation. Inhibition of the GnRHR pathway reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and led to decreased immunoglobulin G synthesis in B lymphocytes, with a more pronounced effect in centenarian cells compared to young cells.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Julia Schutz, Jurn Rudolph, Adrian Steiner, Esther Rothenanger, Jurg Husler, Gaby Hirsbrunner
Summary: The study successfully postponed puberty in beef heifers using the Improvac(R) vaccine, preventing unwanted pregnancies and inbreeding. None of the vaccinated calves exceeded a progesterone value >1 ng/mL until the scheduled age of slaughter, compared to 56.5% in the control group.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Takuya Murata, Shuichi Chiba, Mitsumori Kawaminami
Summary: The study shows that activin A can downregulate the expression of Anxa5 but not Anxa1 in L beta T2 cells, while also increasing Nr4a3 expression and slightly reducing GnRHa-induced Nr4a3 increase. This suggests a differential regulation mechanism in gonadotrope cells for Anxa1 and Anxa5 expression in response to activin A signaling.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Takuya Murata, Shuichi Chiba, Mitsumori Kawaminami
Summary: In this study, the researchers found that activin A has differential effects on the expression of Anxa1 and a5 in L beta T2 cells. Activin A suppresses Anxa5 expression while increasing Nr4a3 expression, whereas activin A and GnRH synergistically stimulate Anxa1 expression. These findings suggest that the mechanism regulating Anxa1 and a5 expression is differentially coupled with activin A signal transduction in gonadotrope cells.
Article
Biology
Chirine Toufaily, Jerome Fortin, Carlos A. Alonso, Evelyne Lapointe, Xiang Zhou, Yorgui Santiago-Andres, Yeu-Farn Lin, Yiming Cui, Ying Wang, Dominic Devost, Ferdinand Roelfsema, Frederik Steyn, Aylin C. Hanyaloglu, Terence E. Hebert, Tatiana Fiordelisio, Derek Boerboom, Daniel J. Bernard
Summary: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) controls reproduction by stimulating FSH and LH synthesis via its receptor GnRHR, but the lack of Ctail in mammalian GnRHR may not provide an advantage for LH surge generation. In transgenic mice, addition of Ctail resulted in reduced FSH production and fertility, suggesting a potential role of Ctail in normal reproductive function.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Christina Resta, Athanasios Moustogiannis, Eirini Chatzinikita, Dimitris Malligiannis Ntalianis, Konstantinos Malligiannis Ntalianis, Anastasios Philippou, Michael Koutsilieris, Nikolaos Vlahos
Summary: Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder that is diagnosed through laparoscopy. Non-surgical treatment options include oral contraceptives, progestogen preparations, androgenic hormones, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
George A. Stamatiades, Chirine Toufaily, Han Kyeol Kim, Xiang Zhou, Iain R. Thompson, Rona S. Carroll, Min Chen, Lee S. Weinstein, Stefan Offermanns, Ulrich Boehm, Daniel J. Bernard, Ursula B. Kaiser
Summary: GnRH regulates gonadal function by stimulating gonadotropin production. The pulse frequency of GnRH differentially regulates FSH and LH synthesis and secretion. The GnRHR activates G alpha (q/11) signaling, but can also couple with G alpha (s).