Journal
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 152, Issue 12, Pages 4620-4629Publisher
ENDOCRINE SOC
DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1074
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Funding
- Type 1 Diabetes Repository at The Jackson Laboratory (National Institutes of Health) [DK-75000]
- National Institutes of Health [DK-46266]
- Cancer Center [CA34196]
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International [JDRF489 JD-01]
- Flemish Research Foundation
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Vitamin D exerts important regulatory effects on the endocrine and immune systems. Autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) development in the inbred NOD mouse strain can be accelerated by vitamin D insufficiency or suppressed by chronic treatment with high levels of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3. Consequently, a report that T1D development was unaffected in NOD mice genetically lacking the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was unexpected. To further assess this result, the mutant stock was imported to The Jackson Laboratory, backcrossed once to NOD/ShiLtJ, and progeny rederived through embryo transfer. VDR-deficient NOD mice of both sexes showed significant acceleration of T1D. This acceleration was not associated with alterations in immune cells targeting pancreatic beta-cells. Rather, the capacity of beta-cells to produce and/or secrete insulin was severely impaired by the hypocalcaemia developing in VDR-deficient NOD mice fed a standard rodent chow diet. Feeding a high-lactose calcium rescue diet that circumvents a VDR requirement for calcium absorption from the intestine normalized serum calcium levels, restored beta-cell insulin secretion, corrected glucose intolerance, and eliminated accelerated T1D in VDR-deficient NOD mice. These findings suggest that calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation may improve disease outcomes in some T1D-prone individuals that are calcium deficient. (Endocrinology 152: 4620-4629, 2011)
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