Review
Biology
Leonidas N. Diamantopoulos, Markos Kalligeros, Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson, Nikolaos Diamantis, Christos Toumpanakis
Summary: There are various systemic combination regimens being investigated for advanced well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). This review provides an overview of the clinical trials and prospective studies on combination treatments. Results show a wide range of efficacy in reported combinations, and only a few phase 3 trials have shown practice-changing results. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)-based combinations and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent combinations with standard chemotherapy have shown promising results, while immune-checkpoint inhibitor-based combinations have limited applicability.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elisa Lenotti, Andrea Alberti, Francesca Spada, Vito Amoroso, Patrick Maisonneuve, Salvatore Grisanti, Alice Baggi, Susanna Bianchi, Nicola Fazio, Alfredo Berruti
Summary: This study retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of patients with metastatic lung NET treated with first line SSAs in two Italian reference Institutions from 2014 to 2019. The results showed that the long PFS and OS obtained suggest that SSAs could be effective as a first line approach in managing patients with progressive, metastatic pulmonary NET.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Leonidas Nikolaos Diamantopoulos, Faidon-Marios Laskaratos, Markos Kalligeros, Ruchir Shah, Shaunak Navalkissoor, Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Jamie Banks, Jack Smith, Benjamin Jacobs, Michail Galanopoulos, Dalvinder Mandair, Martyn Caplin, Christos Toumpanakis
Summary: In this study, above-label doses of somatostatin analogs showed promising antiproliferative effects in patients with inoperable/metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Symptomatic improvement and disease control were observed in some patients after 3-weekly administration, with certain factors associated with inferior or better progression-free survival. Higher doses of SSAs may be beneficial as a bridge to other treatments, particularly for patients with specific tumor characteristics.
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Teresa Alonso-Gordoa, Ray Manneh, Enrique Grande, Javier Molina-Cerrillo
Summary: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a complex and heterogeneous group of malignancies, with over one-third of patients diagnosed at an advanced stage. Somatostatin analogs (SSA) are the cornerstone in treating advanced well-differentiated NET, but many patients eventually develop resistance to this treatment. Increasing the SSA dose may help control symptoms and tumor growth in some cases, but there are still unanswered questions about the optimal dose, frequency, and patient selection for high-dose SSA use.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Lamiaa Zidan, Amir Iravani, Kira Oleinikov, Simona Ben-Haim, David J. Gross, Amichay Meirovitz, Ophra Maimon, Tim Akhurst, Michael Michael, Rodney J. Hicks, Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg, Grace Kong
Summary: This study retrospectively assessed the efficacy and safety of Lu-177-DOTATATE in treating lung NETs with high SSR expression. The results showed that Lu-177-DOTATATE had a good disease control rate and promising PFS and OS.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Joan Gil, Montserrat Marques-Pamies, Elena Valassi, Guillermo Serra, Isabel Salinas, Gemma Xifra, Paula Casano-Sancho, Cristina Carrato, Betina Biagetti, Gemma Sesmilo, Jennifer Marcos-Ruiz, Helena Rodriguez-Lloveras, Anna Rueda-Pujol, Anna Aulinas, Alberto Blanco, Cristina Hostalot, Andreu Simo-Servat, Fernando Munoz, Marta Rico, Javier Ibanez-Dominguez, Esteban Cordero, Susan M. Webb, Mireia Jorda, Manel Puig-Domingo
Summary: This study evaluated the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers in non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNET) and found that NF-PitNET had an enhanced EMT phenomenon. SSTR3 targeting could be a potential therapeutic option for NF-PitNET, except for silent corticotroph adenomas. PEBP1 could be an informative biomarker for tumor regrowth in NF-PitNET.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Youssef Chahid, Khaled Hashimi, Ewoudt M. W. van de Garde, Heinz-Josef Kluempen, N. Harry Hendrikse, Jan Booij, Hein J. Verberne
Summary: Patients treated with SSA have higher Ga-68-DOTATATE SUVmax TLR values, and the use of SSA is an independent predictor for SUVmax TLR ≥8.1.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jace P. Landry, Brianne A. Voros, Robert A. Ramirez, J. Philip Boudreaux, Eugene A. Woltering, Ramcharan Thiagarajan
Summary: The study evaluated the metastatic potential of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors (ANETs) < 2 cm diameter and found that smaller tumors had metastatic capability. Factors like patient age, tumor characteristics were associated with metastatic diseases. Appendectomy alone was deemed sufficient for most ANETs patients, regardless of tumor size.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Azusa Yamato, Hidekazu Nagano, Yue Gao, Tatsuma Matsuda, Naoko Hashimoto, Akitoshi Nakayama, Kazuyuki Yamagata, Masataka Yokoyama, Yingbo Gong, Xiaoyan Shi, Siti Nurul Zhahara, Takashi Kono, Yuki Taki, Naoto Furuki, Motoi Nishimura, Kentaro Horiguchi, Yasuo Iwadate, Masaki Fukuyo, Bahityar Rahmutulla, Atsushi Kaneda, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Yusuke Kawashima, Osamu Ohara, Tetsuo Ishikawa, Eiryo Kawakami, Yasuhiro Nakamura, Naoko Inoshita, Shozo Yamada, Noriaki Fukuhara, Hiroshi Nishioka, Tomoaki Tanaka
Summary: This study integrates the genetic alterations, protein expressions, and clinical characteristics of growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas/somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors to identify molecules associated with acromegaly characteristics. The results reveal a biological connection between GNAS mutations and the clinical and biochemical characteristics of acromegaly, providing potential targets for medical treatment efficacy.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sabrina Chiloiro, Antonio Bianchi, Antonella Giampietro, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Gerald Raverot, Laura De Marinis
Summary: This review provides an overview of the second-line therapies for acromegaly, summarizing the evidence on clinical, molecular, and morphological aspects that can predict the response to these treatments and advocating for a patient-tailored therapeutic approach in clinical practice.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Celeste Cantone, Alessandra Dicitore, Giovanni Vitale
Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a diverse family of tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells throughout the body. Despite being relatively rare, their incidence and prevalence are increasing due to improved diagnosis and patient management. Medical options, including somatostatin analogues, are available when surgery is not curative, especially for patients with metastatic disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
E. Vitali, S. Piccini, G. Trivellin, V Smiroldo, E. Lavezzi, A. Zerbi, G. Pepe, A. G. Lania
Summary: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Pan-NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTs), with SST2 being the main target for somatostatin analogs (SSAs). SSAs are effective in controlling hormone secretion, tumor proliferation, and other key processes through the binding to SST2. The interaction between SST2 and its associated proteins plays a crucial role in regulating signaling pathways and responsiveness to treatment in Pan-NETs.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kimberly Perez, Jennifer Chan
Summary: This review summarizes the recent developments in the medical treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms, including the management of symptoms related to hormone hypersecretion and therapeutic control of disease progression, as well as systemic therapy options and the role of new targeted therapies, sequencing of therapy, and immunotherapy.
CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES AND OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rosaria M. Ruggeri, Irene Aini, Stefano Gay, Erika Maria Grossrubatscher, Camilla Mancini, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Virginia Zamponi, Andrea M. Isidori, Annamaria Colao, Antongiulio Faggiano
Summary: With the increasing incidence of neuroendocrine tumors, interest in gender-driven management has grown. However, current studies have not shown substantial differences between males and females in the efficacy and toxicity of SSTR-targeted therapies.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Mohammed B. Allaw, Jeffrey M. Switchenko, Lana Khalil, Christina Wu, Olatunji B. Alese, Mehmet Akce, Amber Draper, Aaron T. Jones, Bassel El-Rayes, Walid Shaib
Summary: This study compared the PFS and OS of patients with GEP-NETs treated with somatuline or octreotide LAR. The results showed no difference in PFS between the two treatments for patients with well-differentiated, metastatic GEP-NETs.