Article
Energy & Fuels
Biswajit Samir De, Joshua Cunningham, Neeraj Khare, Jing-Li Luo, Anastasia Elias, Suddhasatwa Basu
Summary: The study demonstrates the tandem operation of a membraneless, two-phase flow microfluidic electrolysis cell and fuel cell, which is a step towards developing an independent micropower source. By controlling the flow rate of electrolyte, gas product mixing and crossover can be avoided. The tandem operation of mu EC-mu FC in acidic and alkaline electrolytes shows stable and efficient characteristics.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mian A. Ali, Graziela C. Sedenho, Jessica C. Pacheco, Rodrigo M. Iost, Asma Rahman, Ayaz Hassan, Daniel R. Cardoso, Roberto S. Gomes, Frank N. Crespilho
Summary: In this study, a membraneless and metal-free ethanol-O2 biofuel cell was developed, which operates efficiently with a redox-active quinone-based catalyst, providing renewable electricity at a lower cost.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Mingjuan Huang, Chunhong Zhou, Ruiting Wen, Jiuying Tian, Wenduo Huang, Haiyue Wei, Jusheng Lu
Summary: A visible-light-driven photocatalytic fuel cell with double photoelectrodes was constructed for simultaneous electricity generation and pollutant degradation. The experimental results showed that the constructed fuel cell exhibited high electricity output and good efficiency for pollutant degradation.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lanka Tata Rao, Satish Kumar Dubey, Arshad Javed, Sanket Goel
Summary: Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a three dimensional porous material with excellent properties, and in this study, a low-cost microfluidic fuel cell with LIG electrodes was proposed. By optimizing parameters, the performance of the fuel cell was enhanced.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yunlong Yang, Peng Xu, Sijia Dong, Yang Yu, Huan Chen, Jibo Xiao
Summary: Using watermelon rind waste and nitrite-containing wastewater as substrates, a study found that a membraneless biocathode microbial fuel cell (MB-MFC) can generate electricity with potential feasibility. The main findings include the rapid fermentation of watermelon rind to organic acids, dominant microbial genera in cathodic and anodic biofilms, and the cooperation of microbes in electricity production and nitrite conversion. Key genes involved in nitrite reduction were also identified.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Fawad Rahim Malik, Hai-Bo Yuan, James C. Moran, Nakorn Tippayawong
Summary: This paper provides a techno-economic and environmental overview of H2 production technologies. Reforming of fossil fuels is still considered as the backbone of large-scale H2 production, while renewable hydrogen has advanced technologically but is expensive. A viable scenario is replacing fossil fuels with solar hydrogen production or biomass gasification, and integrating fuel cells with hydrogen production units for desired results.
ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL-JESTECH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Tanveer, Kwang-Yong Kim
Summary: A novel flow channel configuration of a membraneless microfluidic fuel cell (MMFC) with porous flow-through electrodes was numerically investigated, showing that a hollow structure in the central flow channel coupled with porous electrodes performed the best in terms of peak power density.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ji-Hyun Oh, Muhammad Tanveer, Kwang-Yong Kim
Summary: A novel double-bridge shape was proposed for a membraneless microfluidic fuel cell, leading to improved electrochemical performance. Parameter studies showed that adjusting different channel parameters could optimize power density and enhance energy conversion efficiency in the fuel cell.
Article
Electrochemistry
Keyla Teixeira Santos, Hugo Barbosa Suffredini, Gunther Wittstock, Camilo Andrea Angelucci
Summary: Ionic liquids are considered a new-generation electrolyte for electrochemical devices, forming a liquid-liquid interface with water due to their hydrophobicity. By utilizing the IL-water interface, a membraneless energy generation device combining oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation reactions can be constructed, achieving high open circuit voltage and power density at room temperature. The device has potential for improvement in fuel cell power and design.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yinghui Zhang, David P. Wilkinson, Fariborz Taghipour
Summary: The study found that in an air-breathing micro direct methanol fuel cell, having anode catalysts only on the proton-exchange membrane showed superior performance compared to having anode catalysts on both the membrane and channel walls. Additionally, increasing the anode catalyst loading on channel walls resulted in decreased cathode potential, impacting overall fuel cell performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ji-Hyun Oh, Tien-Dung Vuong, Kwang-Yong Kim
Summary: This work conducted a design optimization study to improve the performance of a membraneless microfluidic fuel cell with a double-bridge cross-section of the flow channel. The governing equations were solved numerically to analyze the electrochemical phenomena and evaluate the performance of the fuel cells. Optimization was performed using a genetic algorithm combined with a surrogate model to maximize the peak power density. The optimal design showed a 57.6% increase in peak power density compared to the reference design.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Dang Dinh Nguyen, Thinh Quy Duc Pham, Muhammad Tanveer, Haroon Khan, Ji Won Park, Cheol Woo Park, Gyu Man Kim
Summary: This study introduces a deep learning-based method to optimize the performance of a membraneless microfluidic fuel cell. By combining artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA), the method achieves a high level of accuracy in determining the optimal inputs for maximum power density.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Heeyeon An, Hyewon Jeon, Jungyeon Ji, Yongchai Kwon, Yongjin Chung
Summary: In this study, an amine-coordinated cobalt phthalocyanine-based anodic catalyst was fabricated by a facile process to enhance the performance of HPFCs and EBCs. The addition of PEI shifted the onset potential of the oxidation reaction, improved the current density, and created a favorable microenvironment for enzyme activity, resulting in significantly improved operational durability and long-term stability of the biocatalyst. The suggested catalyst showed enhanced performance in HPFCs and EBCs, with improved maximum power densities and open-circuit voltages.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Li Li, Lei Ling, Yajun Xie, Shuai Shan, Shaoyi Bei, Yanyun Sun, Keqing Zheng, Qiang Xu
Summary: This study investigates the requirements in geometrical design, electrode material, and operation parameter to achieve significantly improved fuel utilization under high flow rates in microfluidic fuel cells. It is found that simply increasing the electrode width or length cannot bring satisfactory fuel utilization, but optimizing the electrode aspect ratio could simultaneously enhance fuel utilization and current density. Developing advanced electrode material, particularly increasing the specific surface area, is shown to be more promising than geometrical optimization in improving fuel utilization in high flow rate systems where there is a mass transfer limitation.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huong Doan, Thiago Morais, Nino Borchtchoukova, Yair Wijsboom, Ronit Sharabi, Marian Chatenet, Gennadi Finkelshtain
Summary: The study indicates that monometallic catalysts are more susceptible to reversible poisoning and irreversible degradation at low potentials compared to bimetallic catalysts. Monometallic PGM/C experiences significant reversible poisoning and irreversible degradation, while bimetallic Pd-Ni/C exhibits minimal loss of ECSAPGM and HOR activity, making it less affected by carbon corrosion and CO-like species poisoning.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Hae Nyeok Kim, Seung Joong Kim, Woorak Choi, Hyung Jin Sung, Sang Joon Lee
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the shear flow-induced depletion of lubricant impregnated in a single cavity, revealing that a large-scale vortex near the lubricant meniscus dramatically slows down the depletion rate. It was also found that in biomimetic LIS, cavities with smaller opening ratio have better sustainability and less lubricant depletion. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of a robust LIS system for effective and sustainable drag reduction.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Muhammad Afzal, Jinsoo Park, Jessie S. Jeon, Muhammad Akmal, Tae-Sung Yoon, Hyung Jin Sung
Summary: An acoustofluidic method utilizing traveling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) was proposed for triseparation of proteins conjugated with microparticles in a microchannel. The method successfully achieved simultaneous separation of three different kinds of proteins (thrombin, IgE, and mCardinal2) using TSAW-driven acoustic radiation force in the experimental demonstration.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Qian Mao, Jiazhen Zhao, Yingzheng Liu, Hyung Jin Sung
Summary: The hydrodynamic benefits of fixed and flapping pectoral fins were explored using the penalty immersed boundary method. It was found that the vortices generated by the pectoral fins increase the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the plate, resulting in an enhancement of both the cruising speed and thrust. Horizontal flapping pectoral fins with low flapping frequency enhance the propulsive efficiency. Flexible flapping fins enhance the cruising speed. Additionally, the presence of one flapping fin on one side of the flexible plate induces asymmetrical heaving of the plate and increases the lateral forces, which might help fish achieve turning and maintain balance in perturbed flows.
Article
Mechanics
Jiazhen Zhao, Qian Mao, Guang Pan, QiaoGao Huang, Hyung Jin Sung
Summary: The hydrodynamics of a self-propelled flexible plate near the ground were investigated. The interaction between the plate and the ground generates a strong vortex, leading to an increase in cruising speed. The aspect ratio and gap distance from the ground also play a role in determining the performance of the plate.
Letter
Mechanics
Guo-Zhen Ma, Chun-Xiao Xu, Hyung Jin Sung, Wei-Xi Huang
Summary: This paper proposes a roughness scaling method based on the direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow over three-dimensional sinusoidal rough walls in a transitionally rough regime. A new coupling scale is defined and the relationships between various parameters are explored.
Article
Mechanics
Qian Mao, Jiazhen Zhao, Yingzheng Liu, Hyung Jin Sung
Summary: The hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction by a rotationally oscillating cylinder with a flexible filament was explored using the penalty immersed boundary method. The study found that drag reduction is achieved through different mechanisms depending on the oscillation mode.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Seunggyu Kim, Hyeono Nam, Beomseok Cha, Jinsoo Park, Hyung Jin Sung, Jessie S. Jeon
Summary: The cytotoxic response of natural killer (NK) cells in a microreactor to surface acoustic waves (SAWs) is investigated. Results show that SAWs do not damage suspended NK cells, and can increase intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and enhance cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jun-Duo Zhang, Hyung Jin Sung, Wei-Xi Huang
Summary: In this study, the hydrodynamic interaction between the large crescent dorsal fin and caudal fin in tuna was numerically explored. The presence of the dorsal fin substantially enhanced the thrust on the caudal fin, and a constructive interaction between the leading-edge vortex on the caudal fin and the vortices shed from the dorsal fin was identified. The flapping phase of the caudal fin and the Strouhal number had an influence on the dorsal fin-caudal fin interaction, while the Reynolds number did not have a substantial effect.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Qian Mao, Jiazhen Zhao, Yingzheng Liu, Hyung Jin Sung
Summary: This study investigates the hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction by a flexible hairy coating through simulations and experimental data comparison, revealing the importance of flexible hairy coatings in drag reduction and the effects of different parts of the coating on drag reduction.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Min Yoon, Hyung Jin Sung
Summary: This study explores wall-attached structures in a drag-reduced turbulent channel flow and examines their influence on drag reduction. The results show that the population density of wall-attached structures decreases and the friction density reduces with streamwise slip, leading to an overall drag reduction.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Qian Mao, Yingzheng Liu, Hyung Jin Sung
Summary: This study investigated the hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction by flapping a flexible filament behind a stationary cylinder using the penalty immersed boundary method. The effects of filament parameters on drag reduction were examined, and three distinct flapping modes were observed. The oscillation and undulation modes were found to be more beneficial for drag reduction than the vortex-dominated mode.
Article
Mechanics
Qian Mao, Yingzheng Liu, Hyung Jin Sung
Summary: The hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction by flapping flexible filaments behind a cylinder was investigated using the penalty immersed boundary method. The effects of phase difference, attachment height, and flapping amplitude on drag reduction were studied. Flapping filaments weaken vortex shedding through destructive interaction, with out-of-phase filaments showing better drag reduction than in-phase filaments. Minimum drag is achieved at appropriate attachment height and flapping amplitude to avoid filament collision and weaken shear-layer-filament interaction. The clapping filaments are more effective than snaking filaments. The total drag decreases with increasing Reynolds number, transitioning from 2S mode to P + S mode wake pattern.
Article
Mechanics
Guo-Zhen Ma, Chun-Xiao Xu, Hyung Jin Sung, Wei-Xi Huang
Summary: Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) were conducted to investigate the effects of roughness on statistical properties and large-scale coherent structures in turbulent channel flow over three-dimensional sinusoidal rough walls. The study examined the similarities in mean streamwise velocity and Reynolds stresses in the outer layer by varying the roughness Reynolds number and the ratio of roughness height to the half-channel height. Spectral analysis and scale-energy path display were used to explore the energy transfer mechanism of turbulent motions with different sized roughness elements. The results showed that increasing roughness Reynolds number led to a downward shift of the mean velocity profile and decreased intensity of turbulent Reynolds stresses.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Qian Mao, Yingzheng Liu, Hyung Jin Sung
Summary: The flow-induced snap-through dynamics of a buckled flexible filament were studied by using the penalty immersed boundary method. The effects of filament length, bending rigidity, and Reynolds number on the mode transition were systematically investigated. Three different modes were observed when these parameters were varied: equilibrium mode, streamwise oscillation mode, and snap-through oscillation mode. The increase in transverse fluid force induced the snap-through oscillation mode, while a vortex-induced vibration and a self-excited vibration occurred in the streamwise oscillation mode and snap-through oscillation mode respectively.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Hyeono Nam, Jong-Eun Park, Waqas Waheed, Anas Alazzam, Hyung Jin Sung, Jessie S. Jeon
Summary: Traveling surface acoustic waves (SAWs) were used for the lysis of cancer cells without any chemical reagents, followed by Raman spectrum profiling to explore detailed cell-derived data. Mechanical cell lysis was achieved using polystyrene microparticles (PSMPs) and the Raman signals from the lysed cells were enhanced by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through nanogaps formed by the AuNPs. The lysis efficiency was evaluated by varying the size and concentration of the PSMPs.
Article
Electrochemistry
Abdul Qayoom Mugheri, Shaista Khan, Ali Asghar Sangah, Aijaz Ahmed Bhutto, Muhammad Younis Laghari, Nadeem Ahmed Mugheri, Asif Ali Jamali, Arsalan Ahmed Mugheri, Nagji Sodho, Abdul Waheed Mastoi, Aftab Kandhro
Summary: Green hydrogen has the potential to transition to a pollution-free energy infrastructure. This study proposes a solution to produce hydrogen during the photoelectrochemical process, offering greater stability and control over chemical reactions. Techno-economic assessments show the efficiency and economic feasibility of co-producing value-added chemicals to enhance green hydrogen production.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Danpeng Cheng, Wuxin Sha, Qigao Han, Shun Tang, Jun Zhong, Jinqiao Du, Jie Tian, Yuan-Cheng Cao
Summary: LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (NCM) is a critical cathode material for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The aging of cathode/electrolyte interfaces leads to capacity degradation and long-term cycle instability. A novel neural network model called ACGNet is developed to predict electrochemical stability windows of crystals, allowing for high-throughput screening of coating materials. LiPO3 is identified as a promising coating material with high oxidation voltage and low cost, which significantly improves the cycle stability of NCM batteries. This study demonstrates the accuracy and potential of machine learning in battery materials.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
P. Mohana, R. Yuvakkumar, G. Ravi, S. Arunmetha
Summary: This study successfully fabricates a non-noble CuO/NiO/rGO nanocomposite and investigates its electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline environment. The experimental results demonstrate that the electrocatalyst exhibits high activity and good stability, offering a new synthetic approach for sustainable energy production.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Qiong Qu, Jing Guo, Hongyu Wang, Kai Zhang, Jingde Li
Summary: In this study, a bifunctional electrode host design consisting of carbon nanofibers implanted ordered porous Co-decorated Al2O3 supported on carbon nanotube film (CNTF) was proposed to address the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and dendrite formation of metal lithium anode in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The electrode exhibited excellent conductivity, efficient confinement of LiPSs, and catalytic conversion performance, resulting in high initial capacity and good capacity retention during cycling. As an anode, the electrode showed excellent Li+ diffusion performance and uniform lithium growth behavior, achieving a dendrite-free lithium electrode. The flexible pack cell assembled from these electrodes delivered a specific capacity of 972 mAh g(-1) with good capacity retention.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Hong Zhang, Jin-Peng Yu, Chen Chen, Cheng-Yong Shu, Guang-Yu Xu, Jie Ren, Kai Cui, Wen-Fang Cai, Yun-Hai Wang, Kun Guo
Summary: Spray coating of acetylene black nanoparticles onto stainless steel mesh can enhance its biofilm formation ability and current density, making it a promising electrode material for microbial electrochemical systems. The spray coating method is simple, cost-effective, and suitable for large-size stainless steel electrodes.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Binpeng Hou, Jingjin Chen, Li-Hong Zhang, Xiaowen Shi, Zizhong Zhu
Summary: The electrochemical performance of Li1.20Mn0.44Ni0.32Co0.04O2 and its oxygen-deficient phase Li1.20Mn0.44Ni0.32Co0.04O1.83 was studied through first-principles calculations. The results show that the oxygen-deficient phase has a higher theoretical capacity but lower voltage platform and higher chemical activity compared to the pristine phase.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Yating Du, Sayoko Shironita, Daisuke Asakura, Eiji Hosono, Yoshitsugu Sone, Yugo Miseki, Eiichi Kobayashi, Minoru Umeda
Summary: This study investigates the effect of high- and low-temperature environments on the charge-discharge performance of a Li-ion battery. The deterioration mechanisms of the battery at different temperatures are analyzed through various characterization techniques. The results indicate that the battery performance deteriorates more significantly at a low-temperature environment of 5 degrees C compared to higher temperatures. The understanding of the deterioration mechanisms can contribute to the development of safer battery usage methods.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Si-Si Shi, Zhi-Xiang Yuan, Fei Zhang, Ping Chen
Summary: In this study, a new nano-electrocatalyst was prepared, which exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of NO2- to ammonia in a neutral electrolyte, potentially due to the synergistic enhancement between Co3O4-x and Co.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Berna Dalkiran, Havva Bekirog
Summary: This study reports the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on ethylene glycol and urea as low-cost and green electrolytes for enhancing electrochemical detection of natural antioxidants. The study successfully developed a disposable and effective electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA) and gallic acid (GA) using NaOH nanorods on a pencil graphite electrode. The proposed electrode showed improved analytical performance, with higher peak currents and shifted oxidation potentials in DES compared to BR buffer medium.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Sijun Ren, Jianguo Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel bio-inspired nanofibrous WO3/carbon composite was synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. The three-dimensional network structure of the composite alleviated the volume expansion of WO3 nanorods and enhanced the charge-transport kinetics. The optimized composite exhibited superior lithium storage properties.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Zhilong Zheng, Yu Chen, Hongxia Yin, Hengbo Xiao, Xiangji Zhou, Zhiwen Li, Ximin Li, Jin Chen, Songliu Yuan, Junjie Guo, Haibin Yu, Zhen Zhang, Lihua Qian
Summary: This study found that interstitial Zn cations in CoMoO4 can modulate the dissolution kinetics of Mo cations and improve the OER performance. The interstitial Zn cations can prevent the dissolution of Co cations at high potential, enhancing the durability of the catalyst.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Xiaobo Lin, Shern R. Tee, Debra J. Searles, Peter T. Cummings
Summary: Molecular dynamics simulations using the constant potential method were used to investigate the charging dynamics and charge storage of supercapacitors. The simulations revealed that the water-in-salt electrolyte exhibited the highest charge storage and significantly higher capacitance on the negative electrode. The varying contributions of different electrode regions to supercapacitor performance were also demonstrated.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Wiktoria Lipinska, Vita Saska, Katarzyna Siuzdak, Jakub Karczewski, Karol Zaleski, Emerson Coy, Anne de Poulpiquet, Ievgen Mazurenko, Elisabeth Lojou
Summary: The spatial distribution of enzymes on electrodes is important for bioelectrocatalysis. In this study, controlled spatial distribution of gold nanoparticles on Ti nanodimples was achieved. The efficiency of enzymatic O2 reduction was found to be influenced by the size of the gold nanoparticles and their colocalization with TiO2. The highest stability of enzymatic current was observed with the largest gold nanoparticles.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Tariq M. Al-Hejri, Zeenat A. Shaikh, Ahmed H. Al-Naggar, Siddheshwar D. Raut, Tabassum Siddiqui, Hamdan M. Danamah, Vijaykumar V. Jadhav, Abdullah M. Al-Enizi, Rajaram S. Mane
Summary: This study explores a promising self-growth approach for the synthesis of nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) nanosponge-balls on the surface of a nickel-foam (NiF) electrode. The modified NiF electrode, named Ni(OH)2@NiF, shows distinctive nanosponge-ball morphology and demonstrates excellent energy storage capability and electrocatalytic performance in both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Rafael Del Olmo, Gregorio Guzman-Gonzalez, Oihane Sanz, Maria Forsyth, Nerea Casado
Summary: The use of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasingly extensive, and it is important to optimize the devices to achieve their maximum practical specific capacity. In this study, mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) binders based on PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT: PDADMA-TFSI were developed for Li-ion cathodes, and their performance was compared with conventional formulations. The influence of electrode formulations, including the addition of conducting carbon and an Organic Ionic Plastic Cristal (OIPC), was also analyzed. The proposed binders showed improved performance compared to conventional formulations with different electrolyte types and active materials.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)