Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Andreas Pfenning, Sebastian Krueger, Fauzia Jabeen, Lukas Worschech, Fabian Hartmann, Sven Hoefling
Summary: Optical quantum information science and technologies require the ability to generate, control, and detect single or multiple quanta of light. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and single-photon avalanche diodes are currently the top performers in this field, but other promising devices are emerging. This review article focuses on a specific alternative single-photon detector - the resonant tunneling diode - and discusses its advantages, limitations, and potential improvements.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Florian Rothmayr, Edgar David Guarin Castro, Fabian Hartmann, Georg Knebl, Anne Schade, Sven Hoefling, Johannes Koeth, Andreas Pfenning, Lukas Worschech, Victor Lopez-Richard
Summary: Resonant tunneling diode photodetectors show promise for mid-infrared sensing at room temperature due to their simple design. We fabricated devices with GalnAsSb absorbers and achieved significant electrical responsivity. This paper provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the sensor's functionality and performance, including the effects of photogenerated carriers on electrostatic modulation and the control of sensing abilities.
Article
Optics
Tomoki Hiraoka, Takashi Arikawa, Hiroaki Yasuda, Yuta Inose, Norihiko Sekine, Iwao Hosako, Hiroshi Ito, Koichiro Tanaka
Summary: The study focused on the injection-locking properties of a resonant-tunneling-diode terahertz oscillator in the small-signal injection regime, showing that injection locking significantly reduced the emission spectrum linewidth. Experimental results indicated that the locking range was proportional to the injection amplitude, and an increase in injection amplitude led to a decrease in noise component and increase in injection-locked component.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Weikang Zhang, Abdullah Al-Khalidi, Jose Figueiredo, Qusay Raghib Ali Al-Taai, Edward Wasige, Robert H. Hadfield
Summary: Research shows that the dynamic behaviour of resonant tunneling diode-photodetectors is influenced by biasing positions and input perturbation intensity in stochastic spiking behavior. Additionally, these devices are capable of performing optical signal transmission and neuromorphic spike generation simultaneously, suggesting potential for innovative applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zihao Zhang, Baoqing Zhang, Yiming Wang, Mingyang Wang, Yifei Zhang, Hu Li, Jiawei Zhang, Aimin Song
Summary: By varying the active area and perimeter, we found that edge doping plays a dominant role in determining the resonant tunneling and a large area-to-perimeter ratio is necessary to achieve a high PVR. This finding allows the establishment of a new design rule, resulting in a PVR of 14.9, which is 3.8 times higher than previously reported graphene RTDs. Furthermore, a theory is developed to extract the edge doping depth for the first time.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zihao Zhang, Baoqing Zhang, Yiming Wang, Mingyang Wang, Yifei Zhang, Hu Li, Jiawei Zhang, Aimin Song
Summary: By varying the active area and perimeter, we found that edge doping plays a dominant role in determining resonant tunneling, and a high area-to-perimeter ratio is necessary for obtaining a high PVR. This understanding allows for the establishment of a new design rule, resulting in a PVR of 14.9, at least 3.8 times higher than previously reported graphene RTDs. Additionally, a theory is developed to extract the depth of edge doping for the first time.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
John A. Gil-Corrales, Juan A. Vinasco, Miguel E. Mora-Ramos, Alvaro L. Morales, Carlos A. Duque
Summary: In this work, an out-of-equilibrium GaAs/AlGaAs double-barrier resonant tunneling diode system is reviewed. The effects of donor density and external potentials are studied using the finite-element approach and the Landauer formalism. The appearance of negative differential resistance (NDR) is observed, which is a fundamental characteristic of practical applications in devices. The simulation results are compared with experimental data and show good agreement in terms of the resonance peak in the current.
Review
Physics, Applied
Xiufeng Han, Lingling Tao, Hao Wu, Ping Tang, Yaowen Xing
Summary: Resonant tunneling refers to the tunneling of electrons or magnons through resonant states. It is used to design electronic devices like RT diode and has spin-dependent properties in double magnetic tunnel junctions. Electron RT occurs around the Fermi level at low temperatures, while magnon RT can occur at higher temperatures. This review discusses recent advances in electron and magnon RT and possible device implications.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Shuya Iwamatsu, Yosuke Nishida, Masayuki Fujita, Tadao Nagatsuma
Summary: This study proposes integrating two resonant tunneling diode (RTD) oscillators within a single slot-ring antenna, achieving mutual-coupling and radiation simultaneously through an innate phase-locking mechanism. Experimental results show that this double-RTD device exhibits higher output power and excellent performance at 354 GHz.
APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xinlei Yao, Maxime Vonesch, Maiwenn Combes, Jean Weiss, Xiaonan Sun, Jean-Christophe Lacroix
Summary: This study demonstrates the preparation of highly stable single-molecule junctions using diazonium grafting approach. The conductance of porphyrin oligomers is relatively efficient and influenced by the presence of cobalt center, showing a long stability around 10 seconds. Random telegraph signals easily record on/off states of SMJs, indicating the potential applications of this approach in constructing stable molecular junctions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Siyu Chen, Wenlu Shi, W. Ho
Summary: We demonstrate rectification spectroscopy (RS) for single molecules using continuous-wave terahertz (CW THz) radiation at the tunneling junction of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at 8 K. CW THz-RS offers a new technique for studying single-molecule vibrational and magnetic excitation spectroscopy, alongside inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS). By comparing IETS and THz RS, we find that CW THz induces a sinusoidal bias modulation with an amplitude that is linearly dependent on the THz far-field amplitude. This THz-induced bias modulation amplitude appears to be sensitive to the alignment of the THz beam but insensitive to changes in the tunneling gap smaller than the THz wavelength.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lei-Lei Nian, Tao Wang, Jing-Tao Lu
Summary: This study theoretically predicts that the emitted light from the plasmon mode in an STM single molecular junction can be squeezed with reduced quantum fluctuations under external laser drive. By selectively exciting energy levels, the squeezed plasmon can exhibit sub-or superPoissonian statistical properties. It is also demonstrated that the molecular excitonic mode can be squeezed simultaneously.
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Sushree Ipsita, P. K. Mahapatra, P. Panchadhyayee
Summary: Proposed relations for optimal well width, barrier width, and spacer layer width in RTDs can help achieve the highest PVCR based on effective mass and barrier height. The optimal spacer layer width is found to be half of the de-Broglie wavelength associated with the bound state of the corresponding finite quantum well. These relations can be used to design RTDs with any two appropriate materials for achieving the highest PVCR.
PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jue Wang, Mira Naftaly, Edward Wasige
Summary: This paper introduces the applications of terahertz (THz) imaging in the industrial sector and the room temperature THz transceiver technology using resonant tunneling diode (RTD) devices, which provides an effective approach to achieve compact, low-cost THz imaging systems.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Optics
A. Rebey, M. Mbarki, H. Rebei, S. Messaoudi
Summary: The GaAsBiN alloy, known as a highly mismatched alloy, has attracted attention due to its special physical properties. By co-alloying GaAs with Bi and N atoms, it is possible to reduce the bandgap energy quickly and adjust the lattice parameter to the substrate. In this study, a resonant tunneling diode prototype based on a zero mismatched AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs1(-y-z)N(z)Bi(y) quantum structure was developed and optimized to achieve superior performance compared to standard diodes.
Article
Physics, Applied
Katsuhiko Nishiguchi, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Akira Fujiwara, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Gary A. Steele
Summary: We have demonstrated charge detection with single-electron resolution at high readout frequency using a silicon field-effect transistor integrated with double resonant circuits. The transistor, with a channel width of 10 nm, can detect a single electron at room temperature. The transistor is connected to resonant circuits composed of coupled inductors and capacitors, providing two resonance frequencies. By driving the transistor with a carrier signal at the lower resonance frequency, a small signal applied to the transistor's gate modulates the resonance condition, resulting in a reflected signal appearing near the higher resonance frequency. This operation allows for charge detection with a single-electron resolution of 3 x 10(-3) e/Hz(0.5) and a readout frequency of 200 MHz at room temperature.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Amit S. Pawbake, Ruchita T. Khare, Joshua O. Island, Eduardo Flores, Jose R. Ares, Carlos Sanchez, Isabel J. Ferrer, Mahendra Pawar, Otakar Frank, Mahendra A. More, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Andres Castellanos-Gomez, Dattatray J. Late
Summary: The field emission properties of TiS3 nanosheets and nanoribbons synthesized from bulk titanium were investigated. The nanosheets exhibited enhanced field emission behavior with a low turn-on field and delivered a large emission current density at a relatively low applied electric field. The superior field emission performance of TiS3 nanosheets over nanoribbons makes them a propitious field emitter for vacuum nanoelectronics devices.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bowen Fan, Diana Torres Garcia, Marziye Salehi, Matthew J. Webber, Sander I. van Kasteren, Rienk Eelkema
Summary: This report describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of a new dynamic covalent dextran hydrogel as an injectable depot for peptide vaccines. The hydrogel shows shear-thinning and self-healing capabilities, enabling hydrogel injection. The hydrogels deliver peptides without modifying their immunogenicity and demonstrate potential as a sustained-release material for the delivery of peptide vaccines.
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Serhii Volosheniuk, Damian Bouwmeester, Chunwei Hsu, H. S. J. van der Zant, Pascal Gehring
Summary: Thermocurrent flowing through a single-molecule device provides valuable information about its quantum properties, electronic and phononic excitation spectra, and entropy. Experimentally measuring the thermoelectric heat-to-charge conversion efficiency can help select suitable molecules for highly efficient energy conversion devices predicted by theoretical studies. A superconductor-normal metal-superconductor Josephson junction thermometer is incorporated into the single-molecule device to accurately determine the temperature bias. This device architecture enables precise thermoelectric experiments on individual molecules at millikelvin temperatures.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Chunwei Hsu, Michael Rohde, Gabriela Borin Barin, Guido Gandus, Daniele Passerone, Mathieu Luisier, Pascal Ruffieux, Roman Fasel, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Maria El Abbassi
Summary: Creating a good contact between electrodes and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) has been a long-standing challenge in the search for the next generation GNR-based nanoelectronics. This study successfully transfers armchair-edged GNRs grown on Au(111)/mica substrates to pre-patterned platinum electrodes, resulting in polymer-free field-effect transistor devices. The devices exhibit significantly lower resistance compared to previous reports, and density functional theory calculations show that platinum has strong coupling and higher transmission compared to graphene.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Irene Piergentili, Thomas Hilberath, Benjamin Klemm, Frank Hollmann, Rienk Eelkema
Summary: In this study, a diphenylalanine (FF) derivative with a thioether phenyl moiety was developed to form supramolecular hydrogels at neutral and mildly acidic pH. The thioether can be oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) to form the corresponding sulfoxide, resulting in hydrogel disintegration. Peroxidases were incorporated to enhance ROS sensitivity, enabling the hydrogels to collapse with lower concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anastasiia Sharko, Benjamin Spitzbarth, Thomas M. Hermans, Rienk Eelkema
Summary: This article introduces shunts in chemical reaction networks (CRNs), which are widely distributed in nature, allowing adaptability to both external and internal stimuli. By using weak oxidants, access to two shunts with different kinetics and fewer side reactions compared to the main cycle driven by strong oxidants can be achieved in this CRN. Additionally, a strategy is proposed to recycle one of the main products under flow conditions to partially reverse the CRN and control product speciation over time. These findings provide new levels of control in artificial CRNs driven by redox chemistry, bridging the gap between synthetic and natural systems.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Mattias Matthiesen, Jorrit R. Hortensius, Samuel Manas-Valero, Itzik Kapon, Dumitru Dumcenco, Enrico Giannini, Makars Siskin, Boris A. Ivanov, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Eugenio Coronado, Alexey B. Kuzmenko, Dmytro Afanasiev, Andrea D. Caviglia
Summary: The research focuses on investigating optical methods for generating coherent magnons in antiferromagnetic insulators. It is found that orbital transitions are key targets for magnetic control in insulators with zero orbital angular momentum.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Huanhuan Liu, Robin A. Nadar, Retna Putri Fauzia, Adrianus C. Laan, Britt Doeswijk, Runze Wang, Astrid van de Meer, Quenteijn van Cooten, Elizabeth C. M. Carroll, Rienk Eelkema, Antonia G. Denkova
Summary: This study explores the combination of chemotherapy and radionuclide therapy using polymeric micelles as a delivery vehicle. The results show that the micelles can penetrate deep into the tumor spheroid and mainly accumulate around or in the lysosomes. Furthermore, the combined therapy achieves a superior therapeutic outcome compared to single treatments.
ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guotai Li, Yucheng Wan, Reece W. Lewis, Bowen Fan, Rienk Eelkema
Summary: Living systems can respond to environmental stimuli through signal transduction cascades. Researchers have developed a synthetic material that forms a supramolecular network responsive to nucleophilic chemical signals through a reaction-assembly cascade. This work opens up new possibilities for signal-responsive synthetic materials and interactions with biological systems.
CELL REPORTS PHYSICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jian Zhang, Gabriela Borin Barin, Roman Furrer, Cheng-Zhuo Du, Xiao-Ye Wang, Klaus Muellen, Pascal Ruffieux, Roman Fasel, Michel Calame, Mickael L. Perrin
Summary: Bottom-up synthesized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are of interest due to their atomically controlled structure and customizable physical properties. However, understanding the relationship between cryogenic charge transport and the number of GNRs in a device is challenging due to lack of precise control over GNR length and location.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lujun Wang, Sotirios Papadopoulos, Fadil Iyikanat, Jian Zhang, Jing Huang, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Michel Calame, Mickael L. Perrin, F. Javier Garcia de Abajo, Lukas Novotny
Summary: The authors demonstrate exciton-assisted resonant electron tunnelling in van der Waals heterostructure tunnel junctions. They reveal tunnelling mechanisms involving indirect or direct excitons and optical emission driven by inelastic electron tunnelling. The study highlights the importance of materials with well-defined interfaces and the potential for van der Waals material-based optoelectronic devices.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Emese Lantos, Gergo Motyan, Eva Frank, Rienk Eelkema, Jan van Esch, Dezso Horvath, Agota Toth
Summary: In living systems, the presence of nonlinear responses in chemical networks is necessary for adaptive regulation. Positive feedbacks can lead to autocatalytic bursts and oscillatory dynamics. pH regulation is essential for the functioning of enzymes as it provides selectivity through the stabilization of stereostructure with hydrogen bonds. This study demonstrates that the interaction between acid-base equilibria and simple reactions with pH-dependent rate can result in the emergence of positive feedback in hydroxide ion concentration during the hydrolysis of certain Schiff bases in the physiological pH range. The underlying reaction network can also support bistability in an open system.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gabriele Baglioni, Roberto Pezone, Sten Vollebregt, Katarina Cvetanovic Zobenica, Marko Spasenovic, Dejan Todorovic, Hanqing Liu, Gerard J. Verbiest, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Peter G. Steeneken
Summary: This study investigates the acoustic response of suspended graphene membranes for microphone applications using laser vibrometry. It demonstrates superior mechanical sensitivities and a lower limit of detection compared to current MEMS microphones.
Article
Polymer Science
Reece W. W. Lewis, Aswin Muralidharan, Benjamin Klemm, Pouyan E. E. Boukany, Rienk Eelkema
Summary: Polycationic carriers have potential for low-cost and scalable gene therapy treatments, but their inefficient unpacking of genetic cargo limits transfection efficiency. Charge-reversing polycations offer targeted intracellular DNA release. We describe a new class of charge-reversing polycation that undergoes cationic-to-neutral conversion through a reaction with cellular nucleophiles. This allows for decationization of the carrier slowly in the extracellular space and rapidly in the intracellular milieu for DNA release, leading to improved transfection and reduced cytotoxicity.
