4.4 Article

Family ties: Maternal-offspring attachment and young adult nonmedical prescription opioid use

Journal

DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
Volume 142, Issue -, Pages 231-238

Publisher

ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.026

Keywords

Nonmedical prescription opioid use; Maternal-child attachment; Sibling fixed effects models; Mediators

Funding

  1. National Institutes of Health [HD057368, HD066963, HD049889, HD060072, DA23610, DA030449]
  2. Centers for Disease Control [R49 CE002096]
  3. U.S. Maternal and Child Health Bureau [MC00001, T71-MC00009]

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Background: Nonmedical prescription drug use is prevalent among young adults, yet little is known about modifiable determinants of use. We examined whether maternal-offspring attachment reported at mean age 21 was associated with nonmedical prescription opioid use at mean age 26, and investigated whether a history of depressive symptoms and substance use played a role in associations between maternal-offspring attachment and nonmedical prescription opioid use. Methods: We used data from the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of United States adolescents followed into young adulthood. Maternal-offspring attachment was reported by young adults and their mothers, and defined as mutual low, mutual medium or high, and dissonant. Analyses were carried out in the full sample using generalized estimating equation models, and in a sibling subsample, using conditional fixed effects models to control for stable aspects of the family environment. Results: Analyses with the full sample and the sibling subsample both showed that mutual medium/high maternal-offspring attachment at age 21 was associated with lower odds of nonmedical prescription opioid use at age 26 (RR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.57-0.97 in full sample). The association was partly mediated by mean age 23 offspring smoking, heavy episodic drinking, and illicit drug use. Conclusions: Promoting reciprocal attachment in the maternal-offspring dyad should be investigated as a strategy to prevent nonmedical prescription opioid use by young adulthood. Even in young adulthood, programs that target both parents and offspring may have greater impact on offspring substance use than programs that target offspring alone. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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