Review
Microbiology
Daniel Perez-Zsolt, Dalia Raich-Regue, Jordana Munoz-Basagoiti, Carmen Aguilar-Gurrieri, Bonaventura Clotet, Julia Blanco, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
Summary: Cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 is a highly infectious mechanism that utilizes dendritic cells and lectin receptor Siglec-1 to transfer viral particles. This mechanism can induce immune responses, enhance cellular infection, or promote innate sensing, leading to viral transmission.
Editorial Material
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sylvia Lorek
Summary: Sylvia Lorek argues that addressing sufficiency in a broader sense can address more than just the issue of increasing plastic waste.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Pooneh Rahimi, Rahil Tarharoudi, Alireza Rahimpour, Jalal Mosayebi Amroabadi, Iraj Ahmadi, Enayat Anvari, Seyed Davar Siadat, Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi, Abolfazl Fateh
Summary: The severity of COVID-19 infection was found to be associated with clinical parameters and unfavorable genotypes of IFNL3/IFNL4 SNPs in this study. Further research in different parts of the world is needed to explore the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 infection and host genetic factors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yosuke Fukuda, Tetsuya Homma, Hideki Inoue, Yuiko Goto, Yoko Sato, Hitoshi Ikeda, Chisato Onitsuka, Hiroki Sato, Kaho Akimoto, Takaya Ebato, Hiromitsu Suganuma, Tomoko Kawahara, Hatsuko Mikuni, Yoshitaka Uchida, Shintaro Suzuki, Akihiko Tanaka, Hironori Sagara
Summary: This study found that the expression of type III interferons (IFNs) is associated with disease severity in COVID-19 patients. The low expression of IL-28A/IFN-lambda 2 may predict the severity of COVID-19 and possibly through the mechanism of delayed viral elimination.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Trine H. Mogensen
Summary: This article reviews the major IEIs predisposing to severe or chronic viral infections, discussing the clinical implications for individualized prophylaxis and treatment. Insights into genetic predisposition to viral infections in humans, with a focus on defects related to innate immune responses, are provided.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manlio Tolomeo, Andrea Cavalli, Antonio Cascio
Summary: STAT1 protein plays a crucial role in the immune response against viruses, and its deficiency can result in severe infections and even death. It has been found that some viruses inhibit the activity of STAT1, making it important to search for drugs that can target these viral proteins for the treatment of dangerous viral infections and future viral pandemics, as demonstrated by the clinical results with Paxlovid in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
T. Jared Bunch, Benjamin A. Steinberg
Summary: This editorial discusses the impact of silent brain infarcts on cognitive function in patients with atrial fibrillation, as studied by Kuhne et al.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Konstantinos I. Papadopoulos, Bengt Hallengren
Summary: Sarcoidosis is a mysterious condition with unknown causes that may be associated with various organ- and non-organ-specific autoimmune factors. Early diagnosis is crucial as many associated conditions can be managed effectively. Long-term follow-up and a broad perspective are necessary when dealing with autoimmune diseases in sarcoidosis.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chunmei Cai, Yan-Dong Tang, Guocai Xu, Chunfu Zheng
Summary: Viral infections pose a severe threat to humans, and understanding how the host immune system responds to viral infections has become increasingly important. Gene detection and intracellular sensing can induce immune responses to limit viral infections. The overlap between RNA- and DNA-sensing mechanisms enhances antiviral responses.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Louise Dalskov, Hans Henrik Gad, Rune Hartmann
Summary: Interferons are antiviral cytokines that are essential in the innate immune response to viral infections. They are produced and released by cells in response to viral stimuli, and induce the transcription of numerous genes in neighboring cells. These gene products either directly combat the viral infection or contribute to shaping the immune response.
Article
Microbiology
Rebecca L. Casazza, Drake T. Philip, Helen M. Lazear
Summary: IFN-lambda has antiviral effects during pregnancy, but its effects depend on the gestational stage. Infection with ZIKV earlier in pregnancy enhances transplacental transmission. IFN-lambda signaling in maternal tissues causes fetal resorption and intrauterine growth restriction in dams with robust ZIKV infection. Maternal IFN-lambda signaling also contributes to pregnancy pathology induced by poly(I.C) treatment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vitor Borges, Mariana Perez Duque, Joao Vieira Martins, Paula Vasconcelos, Rita Ferreira, Daniel Sobral, Ana Pelerito, Isabel Lopes de Carvalho, Maria Sofia Nuncio, Maria Jose Borrego, Cornelius Roemer, Richard A. Neher, Megan O'Driscoll, Raquel Rocha, Silvia Lopo, Raquel Neves, Paula Palminha, Luis Coelho, Alexandra Nunes, Joana Isidro, Miguel Pinto, Joao Dourado Santos, Veronica Mixao, Daniela Santos, Silvia Duarte, Luis Vieira, Fatima Martins, Jorge Machado, Vitor Cabral Verissimo, Berta Grau, Andre Peralta-Santos, Jose Neves, Margarida Caldeira, Mafalda Pestana, Candida Fernandes, Joao Caria, Raquel Pinto, Diana Povoas, Fernando Maltez, Ana Isabel Sa, Mafalda Brito Salvador, Eugenio Teofilo, Miguel Rocha, Virginia Moneti, Luis Miguel Duque, Francisco Ferreira Silva, Teresa Baptista, Joana Vasconcelos, Sara Casanova, Kamal Mansinho, Joao Vaz Alves, Joao Alves, Antonio Silva, Miguel Alpalhao, Claudia Brazao, Diogo Sousa, Paulo Filipe, Patricia Pacheco, Francesca Peruzzu, Rita Patrocinio de Jesus, Luis Ferreira, Josefina Mendez, Sofia Jordao, Frederico Duarte, Maria Joao Goncalves, Eduarda Pena, Claudio Nunes Silva, Andre Rodrigues Guimaraes, Margarida Tavares, Graca Freitas, Rita Cordeiro, Joao Paulo Gomes
Summary: An analysis of viral genomes and epidemiological data from the 2022 mpox outbreak in Portugal sheds light on the heterogeneity of early transmission events, with national and international linkages.
Article
Immunology
Andrea Marques Vieira da Silva, Lucia Elena Alvarado-Arnez, Tamiris Azamor, Leonardo Ribeiro Batista-Silva, Thyago Leal-Calvo, Ohanna Cavalcanti de Lima Bezerra, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves, Fernanda de Souza Gomes Kehdy, Patricia Cristina da Costa Neves, Camilla Bayma, Jane da Silva, Alessandro Fonseca de Souza, Marcelo Muller, Elisabete Ferreira de Andrade, Ana Carolina Magalhaes Andrade, Eliane Matos dos Santos, Janaina Reis Xavier, Maria De Lourdes De Sousa Maia, Rolando Paez Meireles, Hugo Nodarse Cuni, Guilherme Becker Sander, Paulo Dornelles Picon, Denise C. S. Matos, Milton Ozorio Moraes
Summary: The study found that specific genotypes in the IFNL3/4 gene region can serve as markers for predicting treatment outcomes for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and observed that certain genotypes may influence immune response and levels of inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Yannis Lombardi, Christophe Ridel, Maxime Touzot
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between AKI and anemia, finding that anemia is both a risk factor for AKI after surgery and may independently lead to mortality.
CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Haeun Shin, Sujin Kim, Ara Jo, Jina Won, Chan Hee Gil, So Yeon Yoon, Hyunkyung Cha, Hyun Jik Kim
Summary: This study demonstrates that interferon lambda can effectively induce innate immune response in the lungs, leading to rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 virus and improvement of lung damage when administered through intranasal inoculation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Clark D. Russell, Ed Whittaker, Dominic P. Dee, Eilidh Farquhar, Alba Saenz de Villaverde, Morgan H. Evans, Ian F. Laurenson, Claire L. Mackintosh, Muge Cevik
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
David A. Dorward, Clark D. Russell, In Hwa Um, Mustafa Elshani, Stuart D. Armstrong, Rebekah Penrice-Randal, Tracey Millar, Chris E. B. Lerpiniere, Giulia Tagliavini, Catherine S. Hartley, Nadine P. Randle, Naomi N. Gachanja, Philippe M. D. Potey, Xiaofeng Dong, Alison M. Anderson, Victoria L. Campbell, Alasdair J. Duguid, Wael Al Qsous, Ralph BouHaidar, J. Kenneth Baillie, Kevin Dhaliwal, William A. Wallace, Christopher O. C. Bellamy, Sandrine Prost, Colin Smith, Julian A. Hiscox, David J. Harrison, Christopher D. Lucas
Summary: In fatal COVID-19 cases, abnormal immune responses were found primarily in the lung and reticuloendothelial system, which were not clearly associated with the virus. Tissue-specific immunopathology in COVID-19 implicates a significant role of immune-mediated, virus-independent mechanisms in severe disease.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erola Pairo-Castineira, Sara Clohisey, Lucija Klaric, Andrew D. Bretherick, Konrad Rawlik, Dorota Pasko, Susan Walker, Nick Parkinson, Max Head Fourman, Clark D. Russell, James Furniss, Anne Richmond, Elvina Gountouna, Nicola Wrobel, David Harrison, Bo Wang, Yang Wu, Alison Meynert, Fiona Griffiths, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Athanasios Kousathanas, Loukas Moutsianas, Zhijian Yang, Ranran Zhai, Chenqing Zheng, Graeme Grimes, Rupert Beale, Jonathan Millar, Barbara Shih, Sean Keating, Marie Zechner, Chris Haley, David J. Porteous, Caroline Hayward, Jian Yang, Julian Knight, Charlotte Summers, Manu Shankar-Hari, Paul Klenerman, Lance Turtle, Antonia Ho, Shona C. Moore, Charles Hinds, Peter Horby, Alistair Nichol, David Maslove, Lowell Ling, Danny McAuley, Hugh Montgomery, Timothy Walsh, Alexandre C. Pereira, Alessandra Renieri, Xia Shen, Chris P. Ponting, Angie Fawkes, Albert Tenesa, Mark Caulfield, Richard Scott, Kathy Rowan, Lee Murphy, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Malcolm G. Semple, Andrew Law, Veronique Vitart, James F. Wilson, J. Kenneth Baillie
Summary: In critically ill patients with COVID-19, host genetic variants associated with antiviral defense mechanisms and inflammatory organ damage were identified through a genome-wide association study. These genetic signals provide potential targets for therapeutic development and repurposing of existing drugs. Large-scale randomized clinical trials will be essential to confirm the effectiveness of targeted treatment strategies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas Parkinson, Natasha Rodgers, Max Head Fourman, Bo Wang, Marie Zechner, Maaike C. Swets, Jonathan E. Millar, Andy Law, Clark D. Russell, J. Kenneth Baillie, Sara Clohisey
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Heather W. Dolby, Philippe Potey, Annika B. Wilder-Smith, Sara Clohisey, Jonathan E. Millar, J. Kenneth Baillie, David A. Dorward, Christopher D. Lucas, Clark D. Russell
Summary: Autopsy studies indicate that thrombosis and vasculitis are frequently present in adults who died from influenza and SARS.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ryan S. Thwaites, Ashley Sanchez Sevilla Uruchurtu, Matthew K. Siggins, Felicity Liew, Clark D. Russell, Shona C. Moore, Cameron Fairfield, Edwin Carter, Simon Abrams, Charlotte-Eve Short, Thilipan Thaventhiran, Emma Bergstrom, Zoe Gardener, Stephanie Ascough, Christopher Chiu, Annemarie B. Docherty, David Hunt, Yanick J. Crow, Tom Solomon, Graham P. Taylor, Lance Turtle, Ewen M. Harrison, Jake Dunning, Malcolm G. Semple, J. Kenneth Baillie, Peter J. M. Openshaw
Summary: The study found that levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines gradually increased with the severity of COVID-19, with IL-6 and GM-CSF playing central roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. Comparisons with samples from fatal influenza patients revealed that GM-CSF was prominent only in COVID-19, further identifying key factors that characterize and distinguish severe and fatal COVID-19.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clark D. Russell, Asta Valanciute, Naomi N. Gachanja, Jillian Stephen, Rebekah Penrice-Randal, Stuart D. Armstrong, Sara Clohisey, Bo Wang, Wael Al Qsous, William A. Wallace, Gabriel C. Oniscu, Jo Stevens, David J. Harrison, Kevin Dhaliwal, Julian A. Hiscox, J. Kenneth Baillie, Ahsan R. Akram, David A. Dorward, Christopher D. Lucas
Summary: Proteomic analysis of lung and splenic tissue from fatal COVID-19 patients revealed insights into the immunopathology of the disease, including antiviral responses, inflammation and disease stages, macrophage involvement, pulmonary thrombosis, splenic B-cell activation, and lymphocyte depletion.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hugh McCaughan, Clark D. Russell, Daire T. O'Shea
Summary: i-DVT in PWID is associated with complications such as bacteremia, groin abscesses, and septic pulmonary emboli. Gram-positive pathogens are predominant while gram-negative pathogens are rare. Oral antimicrobial therapy may be effective in individualized treatment plans.
Article
Immunology
Heather W. Dolby, Sarah A. Clifford, Ian F. Laurenson, Vance G. Fowler, Clark D. Russell
Summary: This study systematically evaluated randomized-controlled trials for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and found heterogeneity in cohort characteristics and reporting, introduction of selection bias through exclusion criteria, and difficulties in meta-analysis due to differences in outcome definitions, which complicate the interpretation and application of the results.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Katharine A. Relph, Clark D. Russell, Cameron J. Fairfield, Lance Turtle, Thushan de Silva, Matthew K. Siggins, Thomas M. Drake, Ryan S. Thwaites, Simon Abrams, Shona C. Moore, Hayley E. Hardwick, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Ewen M. Harrison, Annemarie B. Docherty, Peter J. M. Openshaw, J. Kenneth Baillie, Malcolm G. Semple, Antonia Ho
Summary: Procalcitonin measurements and microbiology results were not clinically significant or diagnostically useful for bacterial coinfection in hospitalized adults with coronavirus disease 2019.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
C. D. Russell, S. Clohisey Hendry
Summary: Successful host defence against infectious disease involves resistance and tolerance. Defects in both of these responses have been identified in the progression from SARS-CoV-2 infection to Covid-19 lung injury. Understanding these responses can help achieve a stratified medicine approach to Covid-19.
QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Bo Wang, Andy Law, Tim Regan, Nicholas Parkinson, Joby Cole, Clark D. Russell, David H. Dockrell, Michael U. Gutmann, J. Kenneth Baillie
Summary: This study evaluates a group of existing methods and their variations for meta-analysis of gene lists, comparing them using simulated and real data. The results of the evaluation show that simulated datasets tend to be too small and lack key features compared to experimental data, highlighting the importance of using real data for accurate evaluation.
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
David H. Dockrell, Clark D. Russell, Brian McHugh, Rupsha Fraser
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Clark D. Russell
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Clark D. Russell, Shao-Ting Jerry Tsang, Maria Dudareva, Alasdair Hamish R. W. Simpson, Rebecca K. Sutherland, Martin A. McNally
Summary: There is limited high-quality evidence on the management of pressure-ulcer related pelvic osteomyelitis. An international survey on orthopedic surgical management was conducted, which explored diagnostic parameters, multidisciplinary input, and surgical approaches. The survey findings identified areas of consensus and disagreement, serving as a starting point for future discussions and research.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
