Article
Food Science & Technology
Jiachen Liang, Baodong Zheng, Yi Zhang, Hongliang Zeng
Summary: This article systematically reviews the immunoglobulin E mechanisms in food allergies, the structures of intestinal microorganisms, the microbiota mechanisms alleviating food allergies, and the mechanisms of dietary components alleviating food allergies. Imbalanced helper T cell and microbiota ratios are the cause of food allergies, and the microbiota alleviate food allergies through different mechanisms. Carbohydrates, proteins, high-fat diets, and polyphenols can all alleviate food allergies by modulating microbiota and immune cells.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alexandru Cosmin Pantazi, Cristina Maria Mihai, Adriana Luminita Balasa, Tatiana Chisnoiu, Ancuta Lupu, Corina Elena Frecus, Larisia Mihai, Adina Ungureanu, Mustafa Ali Kassim Kassim, Antonio Andrusca, Maria Nicolae, Viviana Cuzic, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Simona Claudia Cambrea
Summary: The intestinal microbiota is a diverse and complex microecosystem that stabilizes by the age of three and plays a crucial role in human health, particularly in early childhood. Dysbiosis has been linked to the development of allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergies. Next-generation sequencing methods have improved our understanding of the relationship between dysbiosis and allergic diseases. This review paper aims to synthesize the current knowledge on the development of the intestinal microbiota, its long-term impact on health, and the connection between dysbiosis and allergic diseases, as well as interventions for prevention and treatment.
Review
Microbiology
Caroline Jensen, Marie Fagervik Antonsen, Gulen Arslan Lied
Summary: The prevalence of food allergies has increased, and the modulation of gut microbiota is proposed as a potential strategy for prevention and treatment. This systematic review found differences in gut microbiota profiles between individuals with food allergies and healthy individuals. Fecal microbiota transplantation may be a promising strategy but requires further exploration.
Article
Allergy
Yuan Gao, Jakob Stokholm, Martin O'Hely, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Mimi L. K. Tang, Sarath Ranganathan, Richard Saffery, Leonard C. Harrison, Fiona Collier, Lawrence Gray, David Burgner, John Molloy, Peter D. Sly, Susanne Brix, Hanne Frokiaer, Peter Vuillermin
Summary: Having older siblings can decrease the risk of IgE-mediated food allergy by accelerating the maturation of the infant gut microbiota.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vito Leonardo Miniello, Andrea Miniello, Laura Ficele, Aleksandra Skublewska-D'Elia, Vanessa Nadia Dargenio, Fernanda Cristofori, Ruggiero Francavilla
Summary: The human gastrointestinal tract houses a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms, known as the gut microbiota, which interact with the host organism through molecular communication to maintain a symbiotic relationship. The balance and diversity of the gut microbiota are essential for the host's immune and metabolic homeostasis and protection against pathogens. Dysregulation of the microbiota composition, called dysbiosis, has been linked to the development of various diseases. Dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota using biomodulators such as prebiotics, probiotics, symbionts, and postbiotics has emerged as a promising strategy to restore and maintain a healthy microbiota. Recent advancements in the production of infant formulas have included the addition of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to create formulas that closely resemble the nutritional and biological composition of human milk.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristina A. Malsagova, Arthur T. Kopylov, Alexandra A. Sinitsyna, Alexander A. Stepanov, Alexander A. Izotov, Tatyana V. Butkova, Konstantin Chingin, Mikhail S. Klyuchnikov, Anna L. Kaysheva
Summary: An athlete's diet is influenced by various factors, and it is important to follow recommendations from physicians and nutritionists before training and competition. Studying nutritional strategies and trends used by athletes can help optimize training outcomes and minimize negative symptoms associated with food consumption. Future clinical trials may be conducted to identify specific foods beneficial for athletes.
Article
Microbiology
Shuo Wang, Rui Zhang, Xinyue Li, Yajuan Gao, Nini Dai, Yuan Wei, Luyan Liu, Yan Xing, Zailing Li
Summary: This study aimed to identify characteristics of the maternal gut microbiota in the third trimester and the infant gut microbiota in early life, and their association with infant food allergy. The results showed that maternal carriage of Holdemania in the third trimester strongly predicted the absence of food allergies in infants. Additionally, dynamic fluctuations in the abundance of phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes early in life protected against food allergy.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Jing Bai, Xiaoli Zhao, Maolin Zhang, Xinlei Xia, Anshu Yang, Hongbing Chen
Summary: Food allergy is a global public health problem. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal immune tolerance and allergic reactions. Changing the composition of gut microbiota through the intake of prebiotics and probiotics may serve as an effective adjuvant treatment measure for allergic diseases.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jenny van Odijk, Adina Weisheit, Monica Arvidsson, Nicolae Miron, Bright Nwaru, Linda Ekerljung
Summary: This study aimed to describe the distribution of DAO in a large representative cohort of adults and determine the association between DAO activity and possible associated factors. The results showed that only a few subjects presented reactions upon histamine intake, while 44% had DAO levels below the suggested normal cut-off values. BMI and age were found to have an impact on DAO activity in women, while only increasing age affected DAO levels in men. No association was found between DAO levels and reported symptoms to histamine-rich foods.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alina Kanikowska, Susanne Janisz, Dorota Mankowska-Wierzbicka, Marcin Gabryel, Agnieszka Dobrowolska, Piotr Eder
Summary: The incidence of food hypersensitivity has increased dramatically in both children and adults. It is important for gastroenterologists and other healthcare professionals to be aware of the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment possibilities of food hypersensitivity. Diagnosis is primarily based on medical history and sensitivity tests. Elimination diet and pharmacologic treatment are common therapeutic approaches.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vamsi Krishna, Naveen Kumar, Sugato Banerjee
Summary: The regulation of gut bacteria involves intricate cycles, influencing immune and inflammatory processes, and is closely related to the proportion of human cells. The variance in diversity of gut microbiota may lead to dysbiosis and result in pathological manifestations.
CURRENT DRUG TARGETS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Domenico Gargano, Ramapraba Appanna, Antonella Santonicola, Fabio De Bartolomeis, Cristiana Stellato, Antonella Cianferoni, Vincenzo Casolaro, Paola Iovino
Summary: The narrative review discusses the differences between immune and non-immune adverse reactions to food, emphasizing the importance of correct diagnosis and nutritional control in improving patients' quality of life.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Qiuyu Zhang, Lei Cheng, Junjuan Wang, Mengzhen Hao, Huilian Che
Summary: Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota increases susceptibility and severity of food allergies, possibly due to increased intestinal permeability caused by decreased tight junction proteins and enhanced inflammatory response.
Article
Immunology
Ru-xue Ma, Jia-qian Hu, Wei Fu, Jian Zhong, Can Cao, Chang-chang Wang, Shi-quan Qi, Xiao-Lian Zhang, Guang-hui Liu, Ya-dong Gao
Summary: Long-term intermittent fasting may alleviate food allergy by reducing Th2 inflammation, maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing gut dysbiosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wolfgang J. Schnedl, Dietmar Enko
Summary: Histamine intolerance is primarily caused by a deficiency of the enzyme diamine oxidase in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to improper breakdown and absorption of histamine. Symptoms are non-specific and can affect the GI tract and other organs. Diagnosis is challenging but relies on detailed patient history and potentially low serum DAO values. Dietary intervention and supplementation with DAO capsules can help alleviate HIT symptoms.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marco Vincenzo Lenti, Nicola Aronico, Paola Ilaria Bianchi, Carmela Cinzia D'Agate, Matteo Neri, Umberto Volta, Maria Gloria Mumolo, Marco Astegiano, Antonino Salvatore Calabro, Fabiana Zingone, Giovanni Latella, Antonio Di Sario, Antonio Carroccio, Carolina Ciacci, Francesco Luzza, Carmela Bagnato, Massimo Claudio Fantini, Luca Elli, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Piero Portincasa, Mario Andrea Latorre, Clarissa Petrucci, Claudia Quatraccioni, Chiara Iannelli, Nicoletta Vecchione, Carlo Maria Rossi, Giacomo Broglio, Gianluca Ianiro, Ilaria Marsilio, Stefano Bibbo, Beatrice Marinoni, Donatella Tomaselli, Ludovico Abenavoli, Riccardo Pilia, Giovanni Santacroce, Erica Lynch, Antonella Carrieri, Pasquale Mansueto, Margherita Gabba, Giacomo Alunno, Chiara Rossi, Francesca Onnis, Konstantinos Efthymakis, Nicola Cesaro, Marta Vernero, Federica Baiano Svizzero, Francesco Paolo Semeraro, Marco Silano, Alessandro Vanoli, Catherine Klersy, Gino Roberto Corazza, Antonio Di Sabatino
Summary: This study investigated the diagnostic delay in coeliac disease (CD) and identified patient-dependent and physician-dependent factors that contribute to the delay. It highlights the importance of implementing a proper screening strategy for CD.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
William Fusco, Manuel Bernabeu Lorenzo, Marco Cintoni, Serena Porcari, Emanuele Rinninella, Francesco Kaitsas, Elena Lener, Maria Cristina Mele, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Carmen Collado, Giovanni Cammarota, Gianluca Ianiro
Summary: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are crucial for gut health and have implications in various diseases. They are produced by specific bacterial taxa in the gut microbiota and can be influenced by specific foods or supplements. This review provides an overview of SCFAs, their production by bacteria, and potential therapeutic approaches to boost their levels and treat related diseases.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Luigi Boccuto, Jan Tack, Gianluca Ianiro, Ludovico Abenavoli, Emidio Scarpellini
Summary: The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that includes bacteria, viruses, protozoa, archaea, fungi, and yeasts. The gut microbiome refers to the genome of these microbes actively involved in functions such as digestion, immune system regulation, and metabolism. The interaction between the gut microbiome and human genes plays a crucial role in human health and disease.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Marcello Fiorani, Ege Tohumcu, Livio Enrico Del Vecchio, Serena Porcari, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Gianluca Ianiro
Summary: Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and is associated with various gastric and extra-gastric disorders. Colonization of H. pylori affects the gastric microenvironment and gastrointestinal microbiota by regulating factors such as acidity, immune responses, antimicrobial peptides, and virulence factors. Eradication therapies for H. pylori can negatively impact the gut microbiota, but integrating probiotics into the treatment has been shown to mitigate these effects and improve eradication rates and patient compliance. This article provides an overview of the complex interaction between H. pylori and the gastrointestinal microbiota, emphasizing the consequences of eradication therapies and the benefits of probiotic supplementation.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Carlo Airola, Andrea Severino, Serena Porcari, William Fusco, Benjamin H. Mullish, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Cammarota, Francesca Romana Ponziani, Gianluca Ianiro
Summary: The human gut contains various microorganisms that play a crucial role in maintaining health. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is associated with several diseases. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics have been traditionally used to modulate the gut microbiota for beneficial effects. However, other molecules, including rifaximin and natural compounds, have also shown potential in restoring microbiota balance.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Cicchinelli, Federico Rosa, Federica Manca, Christian Zanza, Veronica Ojetti, Marcello Covino, Marcello Candelli, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi, Andrea Piccioni
Summary: Cigarette smoke is a classic risk factor for many diseases, and dysbiosis of the microbiota has been identified as a new risk factor for several illnesses. There is evidence of a cross-interaction between cigarette smoke and dysbiosis, which may explain the pathogenesis of some diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela Saviano, Mattia Brigida, Carmine Petruzziello, Christian Zanza, Marcello Candelli, Maria Rita Morabito Loprete, Faiz Saleem, Veronica Ojetti
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily infects and replicates in the gut epithelial cells through ACE2 receptors, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms. Moreover, it causes hyperactivation of platelets and cytokine storms in the bloodstream, resulting in gut-blood barrier damage, alteration of the gut microbiota, malabsorption, malnutrition, increased disease severity, and potential long-term effects.
Review
Immunology
Carmine Petruzziello, Angela Saviano, Veronica Ojetti
Summary: Acute appendicitis is a common reason for admission to the Emergency Department (ED), affecting a large portion of the population. Traditionally, surgical appendectomy has been the main treatment option, but recent studies have explored the use of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy for uncomplicated cases. This review aims to summarize the findings of clinical studies on probiotics in acute appendicitis and discuss the limitations and future directions of this research.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela Saviano, Carmine Petruzziello, Mattia Brigida, Maria Rita Morabito Loprete, Gabriele Savioli, Alessio Migneco, Veronica Ojetti
Summary: Celiac disease is a chronic inflammation of the small intestine triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota may play a role in the development of this disease. Dysbiosis, an alteration in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, can lead to a dysregulated immune response and contribute to the development of gluten intolerance in susceptible individuals with celiac disease. Studies on patients with celiac disease have shown different microbiome profiles in fecal samples, indicating a potential link between gut microbiota and disease activity.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniele Balducci, Michele Montori, Federico De Blasio, Alessandro Di Bucchianico, Maria Eva Argenziano, Gianluca Svegliati Baroni, Emidio Scarpellini
Summary: Liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is highly prevalent, with its incidence influenced by the rising prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Treatment for HCC involves surgical and nonsurgical approaches, potentially bridged by the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The safety and effectiveness of TIPS placement in HCC patients have been evaluated, showing high success rates and low complication rates in several studies.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michele Montori, Gialuca Svegliati Baroni, Pierangelo Santori, Catia Di Giampaolo, Francesca Ponziani, Ludovico Abenavoli, Emidio Scarpellini
Summary: COVID-19 pandemic waves have led to pulmonary and gastrointestinal symptoms, including acute liver damage. Acute liver damage is common in COVID-19 patients and is generally self-limiting. However, patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease, such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), have a less favorable prognosis. Early recognition, monitoring, and treatment of liver damage are crucial. Recognition of acute hepatic decompensation due to the virus and/or drugs used for COVID-19 treatment is essential in the ongoing pandemic.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ludovico Abenavoli, Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata, Emidio Scarpellini, Luigi Boccuto, Rocco Spagnuolo, Bruno Tilocca, Paola Roncada, Francesco Luzza
Summary: Metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a newly named condition that links non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with metabolic dysfunction. Its diagnosis is still debated and is generally associated with steatosis and at least one pathological condition among overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic dysregulation. The pathogenesis of MAFLD involves changes in the gut microbiota, which has also been investigated in other diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and NAFLD. However, only a few studies have specifically correlated gut dysbiosis with MAFLD.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Matteo Vitali, Stefano Marasco, Tatsiana Romenskaya, Angela Elia, Yaroslava Longhitano, Christian Zanza, Ludovico Abenavoli, Emidio Scarpellini, Alessandro Bertuccio, Andrea Barbanera
Summary: Traumatic brain injury is a severe pathology with significant social and economic concerns. Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving surgical option for treating elevated intracranial hypertension. This narrative review summarizes the literature and discusses key issues related to indication, timing, surgical procedure, outcome, and complications in adult patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ludovico Abenavoli, Rocco Spagnuolo, Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata, Emidio Scarpellini, Luigi Boccuto, Francesco Luzza
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using ultrasound examination. The results showed that the prevalence of NAFLD in IBD patients was 23%, with higher values of age, body mass index, waist circumference, disease duration, and age at onset observed in NAFLD patients. Additionally, NAFLD patients also exhibited a higher percentage of hypertension and metabolic comorbidities.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Angela Saviano, Christian Zanza, Yaroslava Longhitano, Veronica Ojetti, Francesco Franceschi, Abdelouahab Bellou, Antonio Voza, Iride Francesca Ceresa, Gabriele Savioli
Summary: Delirium is a commonly overlooked acute neurological disorder among older patients in the emergency department. While there are screening tools available for assessing delirium in other settings, their validation and application in the ED have not been established. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on screening tools for delirium in the context of the ED.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
