Review
Food Science & Technology
Felipe Mendes Delpino, Lilian Munhoz Figueiredo
Summary: The systematic review with meta-analysis showed that resveratrol supplementation has protective effects on diabetes parameters. The analysis revealed significant reduction in insulin resistance and glycated hemoglobin, and a significant impact on fasting blood glucose in individuals with diabetes.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eleonora Grespan, Annamaria Guolo, Elza Muscelli, Ele Ferrannini, Andrea Mari
Summary: This study uses a meta-analytic approach to quantify the impairment of the incretin effect (IE) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and investigates the factors associated with this impairment. The results show that IE is significantly impaired in T2D patients and is influenced by age, glucose tolerance, BMI, and fasting GIP.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Milena Cioana, Jiawen Deng, Ajantha Nadarajah, Maggie Hou, Yuan Qiu, Sondra Song Jie Chen, Angelica Rivas, Laura Banfield, Parm Pal Toor, Fangwen Zhou, Ayla Guven, Haifa Alfaraidi, Ahlam Alotaibi, Lehana Thabane, M. Constantine Samaan
Summary: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that obesity is not a universal phenotype in children with T2D. Male participants had a higher risk of obesity compared to female participants, and Asian participants had the lowest prevalence of obesity while White participants had the highest prevalence.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jakub Morze, Clemens Wittenbecher, Lukas Schwingshackl, Anna Danielewicz, Andrzej Rynkiewicz, Frank B. Hu, Marta Guasch-Ferre
Summary: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis found that several plasma and serum metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, are associated with type 2 diabetes risk. However, there were substantial heterogeneity observed for some of the metabolites, indicating the need for further research in this area.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jakub Morze, Clemens Wittenbecher, Lukas Schwingshackl, Anna Danielewicz, Andrzej Rynkiewicz, Frank B. Hu, Marta Guasch-Ferre
Summary: Based on this updated systematic review and meta-analysis, several plasma and serum metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Milena Cioana, Jiawen Deng, Ajantha Nadarajah, Maggie Hou, Yuan Qiu, Sondra Song Jie Chen, Angelica Rivas, Laura Banfield, Haifa Alfaraidi, Ahlam Alotaibi, Lehana Thabane, M. Constantine Samaan
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that approximately 1 in 5 girls with T2D had PCOS. However, further evaluation is needed to assess the associations of obesity and race with PCOS prevalence among girls with T2D.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ioannis Avgerinos, Thomas Karagiannis, Panagiota Kakotrichi, Theodoros Michailidis, Aris Liakos, David R. Matthews, Apostolos Tsapas, Eleni Bekiari
Summary: Sotagliflozin demonstrates efficacy in reducing blood glucose, body weight, and systolic blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes, with beneficial effects on heart failure and myocardial infarction. Its overall safety profile is comparable with other sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Pradipta Paul, Ridhima Kaul, Manale Harfouche, Maryam Arabi, Yousef Al -Najjar, Aparajita Sarkar, Reya Saliba, Ali Chaari
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on glucose homeostasis in diabetic patients. The results showed that these microbiome-modulating nutraceuticals were associated with significant improvements in fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI. However, they did not have a significant effect on C-peptide. The study also identified several factors that influenced the efficacy of these nutraceuticals, such as age, baseline BMI, and trial duration. The findings suggest that probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation can be used as adjunct therapy to improve glycemia and insulinemia in diabetic patients.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Felipe Mendes Delpino, Lilian Munhoz Figueiredo, Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva, Taiciane Goncalves da Silva, Gicele Costa Mintem, Renata Moraes Bielemann, Denise Petrucci Gigante
Summary: The study found that omega-3 supplementation has significant effects in reducing fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance, but not on glycated hemoglobin levels in diabetes.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Qingxiu Tian, Rebecca Upsher, Kirsty Winkley
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on insulin education for type 2 diabetes patients, and found that insulin education can have a small but statistically significant improvement in glycemic levels. However, the quality of evidence was rated low to very low.
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wenting Xie, Fugui Su, Guizhong Wang, Zichong Peng, Yaomin Xu, Yi Zhang, Ningning Xu, Kaijian Hou, Zhuping Hu, Yan Chen, Rongping Chen
Summary: Berberine has glucose-lowering effects in type 2 diabetes and its efficacy is related to the baseline fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels of patients. Treatment with berberine does not increase the risk of adverse events or hypoglycemia.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Li Liu, Fang-Hong Shi, Hua Xu, Yue Wu, Zhi-Chun Gu, Hou-Wen Lin
Summary: Ertugliflozin is effective and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to placebo or other hypoglycemic agents, with the exception of an increased risk of genital mycotic infection.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hamda Memon, Fatima Abdulla, Tea Reljic, Saif Alnuaimi, Fadila Serdarevic, Zelija Velija Asimi, Ambuj Kumar, Sabina Semiz
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the outcomes of metformin plus probiotics versus metformin alone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that the addition of probiotics to metformin therapy led to significant decreases in fasting glucose and HbA1c levels and reduced the occurrence of gastrointestinal adverse events.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jielin Zhou, Yan Lin, Yong Liu, Keyang Chen
Summary: The study revealed a link between antibiotic exposure and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in individuals over the age of 50. This suggests that caution should be exercised by physicians when prescribing antibiotics to potentially reduce the risk of T2DM.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Paschalis Karakasis, Dimitrios Patoulias, Konstantinos Pamporis, Djordje S. Popovic, Panagiotis Stachteas, Konstantinos I. Bougioukas, Nikolaos Fragakis, Manfredi Rizzo
Summary: This study summarizes the evidence from recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of newly developed once-weekly basal insulin analogues in terms of glycaemic control. The results suggest that once-weekly insulins are more effective in reducing HbA1c and achieving a greater time in range compared to once-daily insulin analogues. The study concludes that once-weekly basal insulin analogues are at least equally effective and safe in glycaemic management as once-daily injections in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Prashant Parulekar, James Powys-Lybbe, Thomas Knight, Nicholas Smallwood, Daniel Lasserson, Gavin Rudge, Ashley Miller, Marcus Peck, Jonathon Aron
Summary: This study evaluated the application of combined lung ultrasound and Focused UltraSound for Intensive Care heart (FUSIC Heart) in COVID-19 ICU patients. The severity of lung ultrasound score was associated with right ventricular dysfunction and mortality. Combined scanning can aid in clinical decision making and prognosis.
JOURNAL OF THE INTENSIVE CARE SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Oyungerel Byambasuren, Laetitia Hattingh, Mark Jones, Mila Obuccina, Louise Craig, Justin Clark, Tammy Hoffmann, Paul Glasziou, Magnolia Cardona
Summary: Quality use of anti-hypertensive and cholesterol-lowering medications is critical, but there is wide practice variation and lack of adherence to guidelines for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Overuse of medications and procedures was reported in some studies, while underuse was found in others, indicating the need for further investigation and intervention to improve adherence to guidelines.
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Siddhant Wahi, Zoe A. Michaleff, Paige Lomax, Adam Brand, Madeleen Van Der Merwe, Mark Jones, Paul Glasziou, Gerben Keijzers
Summary: The aim of this study was to describe the documentation of ABCD2 scores in patients with an ED diagnosis of TIA. The results showed that less than half of the patients had a documented ABCD2 score, and when documented, clinicians were generally accurate with their calculation and application.
EMERGENCY MEDICINE AUSTRALASIA
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anna Mae Scott, Paul Glasziou, Justin Clark
Summary: This study introduces a 2-week systematic review methodology (2weekSR) for completing comprehensive systematic reviews in a shorter time frame. The 2weekSR methodology can be adapted for larger and more complex reviews, and it accommodates team members with varying levels of experience. Compared to traditional systematic reviews, the 2weekSR methodology offers time-saving benefits without relying on methodological shortcuts associated with rapid reviews.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sharon Sanders, Elizabeth Gibson, Paul Glasziou, Tammy Hoffmann
Summary: The study aims to investigate the completeness of reporting of behavioral, environmental, social, and system interventions (BESSI) for reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in randomized trials. The researchers assessed the completeness of reporting using the TIDieR checklist and contacted investigators for missing intervention details. The results show that incomplete reporting of BESSI is a significant problem, leading to wasted research resources and a lack of essential information for implementing interventions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Rachael Nightingale, Krishan Yadav, Laura Hamill, Paul Glasziou, Anna Mae Scott, Justin Clark, Gerben Keijzers
Summary: Background Cellulitis is often misdiagnosed due to the lack of gold standard diagnostic criteria. This review analyzed the proportion of misdiagnosis and identified the common alternative diagnoses in primary or unscheduled care settings.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Elizabeth T. Thomas, Sarah T. Thomas, Rafael Perera, Peter J. Gill, Susan Moloney, Carl Heneghan
Summary: This study aims to assess the quality of paediatric guidelines for the diagnosis of three common conditions in primary care: fever, gastroenteritis, and constipation. The overall quality of the included guidelines was moderate, with constipation guidelines rated the highest and fever guidelines rated the lowest. Major weaknesses included lack of consideration of guideline applicability, lack of involvement of parent representatives, and inadequate declaration or addressing of competing interests.
JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Rehabilitation
Natalia Krzyzaniak, Magnolia Cardona, Ruwani Peiris, Zoe A. Michaleff, Hannah Greenwood, Justin Clark, Anna Mae Scott, Paul Glasziou
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials found no significant differences in pain, function, quality of life, and satisfaction between telehealth and face-to-face consultations for musculoskeletal conditions. However, the evidence is limited due to the small number of included studies and sample size.
PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Sunil Aggarwal, Reshma Shanmugam, Thomas Knight, Catherine Atkin, Sarbjit Clare, Nicholas Smallwood, Daniel Lasserson
Summary: Recent changes to the Acute Internal Medicine curriculum in the UK highlight the importance of point-of-care ultrasound in acute care. However, there is uncertainty regarding how existing training infrastructure can accommodate these changes.
ULTRASOUND JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Oyungerel Byambasuren, Hannah Greenwood, Mina Bakhit, Tiffany Atkins, Justin Clark, Anna Mae Scott, Paul Glasziou
Summary: This study compared telephone and video telehealth consultations and found no notable differences in the management of patients with an established diagnosis. However, the study also highlighted a significant lack of telehealth research in primary care settings.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Peter White, Susan Abbey, Brian Angus, Harriet A. Ball, Dedra S. Buchwald, Christine Burness, Alan J. Carson, Trudie Chalder, Daniel J. Clauw, Jan Coebergh, Anthony S. David, Barbara A. Dworetzky, Mark J. Edwards, Alberto J. Espay, John Etherington, Per Fink, Signe Flottorp, Beatrice Garcin, Paul Garner, Paul Glasziou, Willie Hamilton, Peter Henningsen, Ingrid Hoeritzauer, Mujtaba Husain, Anne-Catherine M. L. Huys, Hans Knoop, Kurt Kroenke, Alexander Lehn, James L. Levenson, Paul Little, Andrew Lloyd, Ira Madan, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Alastair Miller, Maurice Murphy, Irwin Nazareth, David L. Perez, Wendy Phillips, Markus Reuber, Winfried Rief, Alastair Santhouse, Tereza Serranova, Michael Sharpe, Biba Stanton, Donna E. Stewart, Jon Stone, Michele Tinazzi, Derick T. Wade, Simon C. Wessely, Vegard Wyller, Adam Zeman
Summary: Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a disabling long-term condition of unknown cause. The recent guideline from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) sparked controversy by recommending against graded exercise therapy (GET) and downgrading the importance of cognitive-behavioural therapy for recovery. The anomalies in evidence processing and interpretation by the NICE committee, such as creating a new definition, omitting data, and deviating from accepted practices, contributed to this controversy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anna Mae Scott, Ruwani Peiris, Tiffany Atkins, Magnolia Cardona, Hannah Greenwood, Justin Clark, Paul Glasziou
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effectiveness of telehealth and face-to-face delivery of care to patients with insomnia. The results showed no significant differences in insomnia severity, quality of life, and satisfaction between the two delivery methods. Telehealth may be a viable alternative to face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia.
JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Robert O. Barker, Catherine Atkin, Barbara Hanratty, Andrew Kingston, Tim Cooksley, Adam L. Gordon, Mark Holland, Thomas Knight, Christian P. Subbe, Daniel S. Lasserson
Summary: This study examined the ability of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) to predict outcomes for care home residents after hospital admission. The findings revealed that residents with higher NEWS2 scores had increased risks of prolonged hospitalization and death compared to those with lower scores.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Elizabeth T. Thomas, Sarah T. Thomas, Rafael Perera, Peter J. Gill, Susan Moloney, Carl J. Heneghan
Summary: This study evaluates the quality of guidelines for diagnosing childhood asthma in primary care. Results show that the quality of the guidelines is variable and there is a lack of high-quality evidence supporting diagnostic recommendations. Guidelines generally recommend spirometry and reversibility testing, but there are disagreements in specific thresholds for diagnosis. Poor adherence to guidelines and variation in testing may be a result of the variable quality of guidelines and lack of evidence.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michael N. Armitage, Aishah Z. Aishah, Christopher C. Huntley, Daniel Lasserson, Michael Newnham
Summary: The incidence of subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE) has increased with improvements in imaging technology. The prevalence of SSPE was found to be 3.8% of all diagnosed cases of pulmonary embolism (PE). The study also revealed that the majority of SSPE patients had additional radiological findings.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS
(2023)