Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert Hauffe, Michaela Rath, Wilson Agyapong, Wenke Jonas, Heike Vogel, Tim J. Schulz, Maria Schwarz, Anna P. Kipp, Matthias Bluher, Andre Kleinridders
Summary: The intake of high-fat diets leads to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. The trace element selenium can protect against the development of diet-induced insulin resistance. However, selenium might not be able to attenuate insulin resistance in the presence of obesity.
Article
Cell Biology
Hee-Hoon Kim, Young-Ri Shim, Ha Neul Kim, Keungmo Yang, Tom Ryu, Kyurae Kim, Sung Eun Choi, Min Jeong Kim, Chaerin Woo, Katherine Po Sin Chung, Song Hwa Hong, Hyemi Shin, Jae Myoung Suh, Youngae Jung, Geum-Sook Hwang, Won Kim, Seok-Hwan Kim, Hyuk Soo Eun, Je Kyung Seong, Won-Il Jeong
Summary: Obesity-induced hypoxic stress in white adipose tissue leads to inflammation and interferon-y (IFN-y) production by natural killer (NK) cells. This study reveals that hypoxia promotes glutamate excretion and CXCL12 expression in white adipocytes, recruiting CXCR4+ NK cells. The spatial proximity between adipocytes and NK cells induces IFN-y production by stimulating metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), which triggers inflammatory activation of macrophages and increases xCT and CXCL12 expression in adipocytes. Inhibition of xCT, mGluR5, or IFN-y receptor in adipocytes or NK cells alleviates obesity-related metabolic disorders in mice and elevated glutamate/mGluR5 and CXCL12/CXCR4 levels are observed in obese patients, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Castellano-Castillo, Bruno Ramos-Molina, Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera, Luis Ocana-Wilhelmi, Maria Isabel Queipo-Ortuno, Fernando Cardona
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the changes in H3K4me3 histone mark in human adipose tissue under obesity and insulin resistance conditions. The results showed that H3K4me3 enrichment in gene promoters was closely related to higher mRNA levels, and differentially enriched H3K4me3 could regulate genes in adipose tissue, affecting its function during obesity and insulin resistance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xin Shu, Jiaqi Wu, Tao Zhang, Xiaoyu Ma, Zuoqin Du, Jin Xu, Jingcan You, Liqun Wang, Ni Chen, Mao Luo, Jianbo Wu
Summary: The study suggests that PCSK9 expression in adipose tissue may mediate statin-induced adipocyte insulin resistance. PCSK9 deficiency could protect against statin-induced impairments in insulin signaling.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ignacio Colon-Mesa, Neira Sainz, Patricia Corrales, Maria Collantes, Philipp Kaldis, Jose Alfredo Martinez, Gema Medina-Gomez, Maria Jesus Moreno-Aliaga, Xavier Escote
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of p27 deletion on the activity of brown adipose tissue and the susceptibility to develop obesity and glucose homeostasis disturbances in mice. The results showed that p27 knockout mice were more prone to obesity and insulin resistance. The study suggested that p27 may play a role in brown adipose tissue activation and the development of obesity and insulin resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chao Cao, Han-Chow E. Koh, Stephan Van Vliet, Bruce W. Patterson, Dominic N. Reeds, Richard Laforest, Robert J. Gropler, Bettina Mittendorfer
Summary: This study found that enhanced FFA clearance in people with obesity is negatively correlated with muscle insulin sensitivity, and the stimulatory effect of insulin on FFA clearance is more significant in obese individuals.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nuria Pescador, Vera Francisco, Patricia Vazquez, Eva Maria Esquinas, Cristina Gonzalez-Paramos, M. Pilar Valdecantos, Irma Garcia-Martinez, Andres A. Urrutia, Laura Ruiz, Carmen Escalona-Garrido, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Miguel Angel Fernandez-Moreno, Alfonso L. Calle-Pascual, Maria Jesus Obregon, Julian Aragones, Angela M. Valverde
Summary: Metformin impacts macrophages by inhibiting a HIF1 alpha-dependent proinflammatory program, leading to secondary beneficial effects on insulin-mediated glucose uptake and beta-adrenergic responses in brown adipocytes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lukasz Pilarski, Marta Pelczynska, Anna Koperska, Agnieszka Seraszek-Jaros, Monika Szulinska, Pawel Bogdanski
Summary: This study aimed to determine the association between vaspin concentration and metabolic disorders in obese individuals. The results showed that serum vaspin concentrations were significantly higher in the obese group compared to the control group. The findings suggest that vaspin may be a useful diagnostic parameter for obesity-related complications.
Review
Cell Biology
Zhaohua Cai, Yijie Huang, Ben He
Summary: Obesity is a global epidemic associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Macrophages play a crucial role in obesity-associated inflammation. Recent research has provided insights into the diverse roles of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in obesity and comorbidities. This review summarizes the characterization of different subpopulations of ATMs in obesity, the extensive crosstalk between adipocytes and ATMs, and the extended crosstalk within adipose tissue between perivascular mesenchymal cells and ATMs.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Benedikt Dietz, Juergen Machann, Vaibhav Agrawal, Martin Heni, Patrick Schwab, Julia Dienes, Steffen Reichert, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Hans-Ulrich Haering, Fritz Schick, Norbert Stefan, Andreas Fritsche, Hubert Preissl, Bernhard Schoelkopf, Stefan Bauer, Robert Wagner
Summary: The study indicated that diabetes can be detected through whole-body MRI without additional data, with visceral fat playing a crucial role in diabetes classification. The model identified a high-risk group with increased risk for future diabetes and microalbuminuria.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xi-Ding Yang, Xing-Cheng Ge, Si-Yi Jiang, Yong-Yu Yang
Summary: Epidemic obesity is a significant public health problem associated with an increase in obesity-related metabolic diseases. Adipose tissue plays a vital role in regulating whole-body energy metabolism, and lipolysis, the degradation of triglycerides in adipocytes, is closely linked to obesity and its metabolic disorders. Natural products, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, can regulate lipolysis and potentially contribute to weight loss and improved metabolic conditions associated with obesity. Identifying specific secondary metabolites that are effective in reducing weight and mitigating the health risks associated with obesity and lipolysis regulation is crucial.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. Carmen Navarro-Ruiz, M. Carmen Soler-Vazquez, Alberto Diaz-Ruiz, Juan R. Peinado, Andrea Nieto Calonge, Julia Sanchez-Ceinos, Carmen Tercero-Alcazar, Jaime Lopez-Alcala, Oriol A. Rangel-Zuniga, Antonio Membrives, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Maria M. Malagon, Rocio Guzman-Ruiz
Summary: This study investigated the carbonylome of subcutaneous and omental human adipose tissue in obesity-associated insulin resistance. The results showed differences in carbonylated proteins between different fat depots, highlighting the complexity of oxidative stress at the metabolic level. Furthermore, the study revealed the altered expression and function of carbonylated transferrin, linking oxidative stress to metabolic dysfunction. This research provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying adipocyte dysfunction in obesity and identifies potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaohui Li, Jia Liu, Biao Zhou, Yinhui Li, Zhengyu Wu, Hua Meng, Guang Wang
Summary: Adipose tissue insulin resistance (adipose-IR) in males is higher than in females with similar BMI levels. Adipose-IR increases progressively from overweight to class III obesity in both genders, but is significantly higher in males than females in the class III obesity group. Testosterone levels are negatively correlated with adipose-IR in males, while positively correlated in females. Low testosterone levels may contribute to more severe adipose-IR in obese males.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Allah Nawaz, Yasuhiro Nishida, Akiko Takikawa, Shiho Fujisaka, Tomonobu Kado, Aminuddin Aminuddin, Muhammad Bilal, Ishtiaq Jeelani, Muhammad Rahil Aslam, Ayumi Nishimura, Takahide Kuwano, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Yoshiko Igarashi, Keisuke Okabe, Saeed Ahmed, Azhar Manzoor, Isao Usui, Kunimasa Yagi, Takashi Nakagawa, Kazuyuki Tobe
Summary: Astaxanthin has beneficial effects on adipose tissue in obese mice, reducing oxidative stress and macrophage infiltration, maintaining healthy AT function, and preventing pathological remodeling of AT.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sergio Quesada-Vazquez, Anna Antolin, Marina Colom-Pellicer, Gerard Aragones, Laura Herrero, Josep Maria Del Bas, Antoni Caimari, Xavier Escote
Summary: A specific combination of metabolic cofactors showed promising results in treating obesity in a high-fat diet mouse model. The combination reduced obesity and adiposity, improved glucose and lipid metabolic parameters, increased lipid oxidation, and decreased adipocyte hypertrophy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Charmaine S. Tam, Rima Chaudhuri, Amy T. Hutchison, Dorit Samocha-Bonet, Leonie K. Heilbronn
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2017)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Prabin Gyawali, Sean A. Martin, Leonie K. Heilbronn, Andrew D. Vincent, Anne W. Taylor, Robert J. T. Adams, Peter D. O'Loughlin, Gary A. Wittert
ACTA DIABETOLOGICA
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prabin Gyawali, Sean A. Martin, Leonie K. Heilbronn, Andrew D. Vincent, Alicia J. Jenkins, Andrzej S. Januszewski, Anne W. Taylor, Robert J. T. Adams, Peter D. O'Loughlin, Gary A. Wittert
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Albert Wu, Zumin Shi, Sean Martin, Andrew Vincent, Leonie Heilbronn, Gary Wittert
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amy T. Hutchison, Bo Liu, Rachel E. Wood, Andrew D. Vincent, Campbell H. Thompson, Nathan J. O'Callaghan, Gary A. Wittert, Leonie K. Heilbronn
Article
Biology
Charlotte C. Gupta, Stephanie Centofanti, Jillian Dorrian, Alison Coates, Jacqueline M. Stepien, David Kennaway, Gary Wittert, Leonie Heilbronn, Peter Catcheside, Manny Noakesh, Daniel Coro, Dilushi Chandrakumar, Siobhan Banks
CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2019)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lijun Zhao, Amy T. Hutchison, Gary A. Wittert, Campbell H. Thompson, Kylie Lange, Bo Liu, Leonie K. Heilbronn
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Leonie K. Heilbronn, Prashant Regmi
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bo Liu, Amy T. Hutchison, Campbell H. Thompson, Kylie Lange, Gary A. Wittert, Leonie K. Heilbronn
Summary: Intermittent fasting (IF) has different effects on lipid metabolism compared to caloric restriction (CR), leading to more weight and fat loss, but also reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes. However, fasting can cause insulin resistance and increased PLIN5 expression, possibly reflecting transient lipid storage.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Julien Bensalem, Kathryn J. Hattersley, Leanne K. Hein, Xiao Tong Teong, Julian M. Carosi, Sofia Hassiotis, Randall H. Grose, Celia Fourrier, Leonie K. Heilbronn, Timothy J. Sargeant
Summary: Autophagic flux, a critical cellular process, can be increased by targeting nutrition-related biochemical signaling. This study introduces a method to directly measure human autophagic flux from blood samples by treating whole blood and using isolated cells to measure LC3B-II protein. The method is valuable for evaluating intra-individual variation induced by interventions.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ruben Fernandez-Rodriguez, Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino, Arthur E. Mesas, Blanca Notario-Pacheco, Maria Medrano, Leonie K. Heilbronn
Summary: Intermittent fasting (IF) has positive effects on depression scores in the general population, but does not significantly affect anxiety or mood state.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kai Liu, Bo Liu, Gary A. Wittert, Campbell H. Thompson, Amy T. Hutchison, Leonie K. Heilbronn
Summary: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is increased with acute fasting in animals and reduces food intake in rodents. This study examined the changes in GDF15 levels following intermittent fasting (IF) and caloric restriction (CR), and its associations with energy intake. Results showed that IF led to a greater weight loss compared to CR, but the increased GDF15 levels in IF were not related to energy intake. Therefore, the rise in GDF15 is unlikely to be the cause of energy intake restriction during IF.
OBESITY RESEARCH & CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Julien Bensalem, Xiao Tong Teong, Kathryn J. Hattersley, Leanne K. Hein, Celia Fourrier, Kai Liu, Amy T. Hutchison, Leonie K. Heilbronn, Timothy J. Sargeant
Summary: Previously, preclinical data have shown that autophagy can delay age-related diseases. However, this study is the first to measure the changes in basal autophagic flux in humans and found that it actually increases with age. This discovery is significant for future clinical research.
Article
Ergonomics
Jillian Dorrian, Steven Hursh, Lauren Waggoner, Crystal Grant, Maja Pajcin, Charlotte Gupta, Alison Coates, David Kennaway, Gary Wittert, Leonie Heilbronn, Chris Della Vedova, Siobhan Banks
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION
(2019)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bo Liu, Amanda J. Page, George Hatzinikolas, Miaoxin Chen, Gary A. Wittert, Leonie K. Heilbronn