Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Bridget K. Wagner
Summary: A new candidate gene for type 2 diabetes has been identified through a genome-wide CRISPR screen for intracellular insulin content in a human beta-cell line, demonstrating the usefulness of this screening approach in beta-cells.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ehtasham Ahmad, Soo Lim, Roberta Lamptey, David R. Webb, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: Type 2 diabetes accounts for nearly 90% of global diabetes cases, with an increasing number of affected individuals, particularly among young people. Early detection and proactive management are crucial for preventing complications and reducing mortality. Technology and precision medicine offer potential improvements to treatment outcomes but face significant barriers.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jianyi Lv, Yihan Liu, Jia Cui, Hongjuan Fang, Ying Wu, Xiao Zhu, Meng Guo, Changlong Li, Jingtao Dou, Zhenwen Chen, Xiaoyan Du
Summary: This study analyzed the lncRNA profile in leukocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using RNA sequencing. It identified hundreds of significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs, some of which were confirmed to have important biological functions. The findings suggest that these differentially expressed lncRNAs can serve as diagnostic markers or regulators of T2D and contribute to further research on epigenetic mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mi Zhou, Duo Huang, Yangyang Cheng, Yee Man Lau, Wing Hon Lai, Yuk-Ming Lau, JoJo Hai, Chu Pak Lau, Esther W. Chan, Wen Sheng Yue, Ming-Liang Zuo, Li Xue Yin, Yingqing Feng, Ning Tan, Jiyan Chen, Xin Li Li, Hung Fat Tse, Chi Ho Lee, Wing-Sun Chow, Chung Wah Siu, Chun Ka Wong
Summary: This study implemented screening for left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and found a small percentage of patients at high risk for heart failure. Male gender, prior stroke, chronic kidney disease, and newly detected atrial fibrillation were significantly associated with elevated NT-proBNP levels. The study suggests that NT-proBNP and ECG screening can aid in early detection of cardiovascular complications and improve long-term outcomes.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Karina W. Davidson, Michael J. Barry, Carol M. Mangione, Michael Cabana, Aaron B. Caughey, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Chyke A. Doubeni, Alex H. Krist, Martha Kubik, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Douglas K. Owens, Lori Pbert, Michael Silverstein, James Stevermer, Chien-Wen Tseng, John B. Wong
Summary: Diabetes and prediabetes have significant impacts on health, with screening and preventive interventions for overweight or obese adults aged 35 to 70 being recommended to improve health outcomes.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Antonio Ceriello, Doina Catrinoiu, Chanchal Chandramouli, Francesco Cosentino, Annique Cornelia Dombrowsky, Baruch Itzhak, Nebojsa Malic Lalic, Francesco Prattichizzo, Oliver Schnell, Petar M. Seferovic, Paul Valensi, Eberhard Standl
Summary: This review highlights the relationship between type 2 diabetes and heart failure, covering the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment drugs, and the impact on COVID-19 severity.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jacob D. Painter, Omid Akbari
Summary: ILC2s, the innate counterparts of Th2 cells, play a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by responding to external stimuli and controlling the inflammation balance in adipose tissue. Their effector function is associated with increased browning of adipose tissue and an anti-inflammatory immune profile, crucial for tissue homeostasis. The reaction of ILC2s to changes in the metabolic environment is a clear determinant of disease severity, providing a potential avenue for modulation of systemic homeostasis and treatment of T2DM.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kumban Walter Chuck, Seri Hong, Yunhwan Lee
Summary: This study aimed to compare the gastric cancer screening rates between participants with diabetes and those without diabetes in the Korean population. The data of 4284 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019 were analyzed. The results showed that screening for gastric cancer was significantly lower in patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mingzhong Yu, Min Pan, Yebei Liang, Xiaoling Li, Jingyan Li, Li Luo
Summary: The aim of this study was to establish a clinical screening model to identify sarcopenia early in the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that age, sex, BMI, WHR, and heart rate were key factors for detecting sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This novel screening model is an accurate, easy-to-implement, and low-cost tool for early identification of sarcopenia in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jae-Seung Yun, Jaesik Kim, Sang-Hyuk Jung, Seon-Ah Cha, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yu-Bae Ahn, Hong-Hee Won, Kyung-Ah Sohn, Dokyoon Kim
Summary: This study developed and evaluated a deep learning algorithm for screening type 2 diabetes using retinal images. The algorithm showed improved risk stratification when combined with traditional risk factors, making it a useful tool for identifying individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Romana Pylypchuk, Sue Wells, Andrew Kerr, Katrina Poppe, Matire Harwood, Suneela Mehta, Corina Grey, Billy P. Wu, Vanessa Selak, Paul L. Drury, Wing Cheuk Chan, Brandon Orr-Walker, Rinki Murphy, Jim Mann, Jeremy D. Krebs, Jinfeng Zhao, Rod Jackson
Summary: A national screening programme in New Zealand led to a significant shift in the cardiovascular risk profile of patients with diabetes, with many asymptomatic patients being identified. The study found that recent diabetes screening has drastically changed the predicted cardiovascular risk in this population. The introduction of new-generation glucose-lowering medications and increasing obesity necessitate the development of updated risk prediction equations to better differentiate between low-risk and high-risk patients.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Stefano Ciardullo, Michela Vergani, Gianluca Perseghin
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is common in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and can lead to advanced liver fibrosis. Patients with T2D have an increased risk of liver-related complications and mortality. Screening for NAFLD/MASLD and advanced liver fibrosis is recommended in T2D patients. While there are no approved drugs for NAFLD/MASLD, certain antidiabetic drugs have shown positive effects on liver health. Diabetologists have the opportunity to actively treat NAFLD/MASLD and potentially change its natural course.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chantal Mathieu, Iraj Ahmadzai
Summary: This review examines the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists, specifically in type 1 diabetes, and concludes that they can lower weight and required insulin doses. However, their effects on glucose control and hypoglycemia vary depending on study protocols. Side effects include gastrointestinal complaints. The potential use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in other forms of diabetes is briefly discussed, but current evidence is limited.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoting Pei, Di Qi, Jiangman Liu, Hongli Si, Shenzhen Huang, Sen Zou, Dingli Lu, Zhijie Li
Summary: This study aims to screen marker genes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the extraorbital lacrimal gland (ELG) of mice using LASSO regression. Five marker genes, including Synm, Elovl6, Glcci1, Tnks, and Ptprt, were identified. Abnormal expression of these marker genes in the lacrimal gland of T2DM mice is associated with gland atrophy and dry eye.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kun Lin, Yixi Wu, Shuo Liu, Jiaqi Huang, Guishan Chen, Qiong Zeng
Summary: The study found that evaluating skin conductance can effectively screen for microvascular complications in diabetic patients. SUDOCAN can be used as a tool for early screening of microvascular complications.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ash Routen, Sophia Abner, Louis S. Levene, Clare L. L. Gillies, Melanie Davies, Samuel Seidu, G. Andre Ng, Kamlesh Khunti
Summary: This study used published data to describe differences in documented and estimated atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence in general practices in England, and explored predictors of variations in AF prevalence. The results showed that documented AF prevalence was lower than estimated. Practice and population characteristics were found to be associated with variations in AF documentation.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Charlotte Hannah Gaughan, Cameron Razieh, Kamlesh Khunti, Amitava Banerjee, Yogini Chudasama, Melanie J. Davies, Ted Dolby, Clare L. Gillies, Claire Lawson, Evgeny M. Mirkes, Jasper Morgan, Karen Tingay, Francesco Zaccardi, Thomas Yates, Vahe Nafilyan
Summary: Despite high vaccination rates in the UK, certain ethnic minority communities have lower take-up rates. All ethnic groups have lower vaccination rates compared to the white British population, with black communities having the lowest rates.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Meeriam Kadicheeni, Jatinder S. Minhas, Briana Coles, Shazia T. Hussain, Kamlesh Khunti, Thompson G. Robinson, David J. Eveson, Amit K. Mistri
Summary: This study aims to assess the mortality rate of TIA patients in a rapid-access clinic. The results showed that the mortality rate was higher following a CV diagnosis, and it was associated with males, older individuals, white ethnicity, and orthostatic hypotension.
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Samy Hadjadj, Pierre-Jean Saulnier, Yue Ruan, Xu Zhu, Renee Pekmezaris, Michel Marre, Jean Michel Halimi, Matthieu Wargny, Rustam Rea, Pierre Gourdy, Bertrand Cariou, Alyson K. Myers, Kamlesh Khunti
Summary: Microvascular complications are associated with increased risk of death in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bernard H. Charbonnel, Hungta Chen, Javier Cid-Ruzafa, Andrew Cooper, Peter Fenici, Marilia B. Gomes, Gabriela L. Saraiva, Jesus Medina, Antonio Nicolucci, Marina Shestakova, Iichiro Shimomura, Filip Surmont, Fengming Tang, Jiten Vora, Hirotaka Watada, Kamlesh Khunti
Summary: Dual oral therapy was the most common treatment regimen at the start of second-line treatment, and over half of the participants remained on the same treatment during follow-up.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Meena Bhatta, Melanie Davies, John E. Deanfield, W. Timothy Garvey, Usman Khalid, Robert Kushner, Domenica M. Rubino, Niels Zeuthen, Subodh Verma
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with overweight/obesity without diabetes. The results showed that semaglutide can improve waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid levels, and reduce the use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications. However, these benefits were not maintained after treatment discontinuation.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sankar D. Navaneethan, Sophia Zoungas, M. Luiza Caramori, Juliana C. N. Chan, Hiddo J. L. Heerspink, Clint Hurst, Adrian Liew, Erin D. Michos, Wasiu A. Olowu, Tami Sadusky, Nikhil Tandon, Katherine R. Tuttle, Christoph Wanner, Katy G. Wilkens, Jonathan C. Craig, David J. Tunnicliffe, Marcello Tonelli, Michael Cheung, Amy Earley, Peter Rossing, Ian H. de Boer, Kamlesh Khunti
Summary: The KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease is an update of the 2020 guideline. The guideline was updated based on reviewing new evidence and using the GRADE approach to assess evidence and develop consensus practice points. The recommendations were updated in the areas of comprehensive care and glucose-lowering therapies, while recommendations in the areas of glycemic monitoring, lifestyle interventions, and management approaches remained unchanged.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew L. Bosworth, Tamanna Ahmed, Tim Larsen, Luke Lorenzi, Jasper Morgan, Raghib Ali, Peter Goldblatt, Nazrul Islam, Kamlesh Khunti, Veena Raleigh, Daniel Ayoubkhani, Neil Bannister, Myer Glickman, Vahe Nafilyan
Summary: Ethnic minority groups in England have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and have lower vaccination rates. This study examines whether ethnic differences in COVID-19 mortality have persisted since the vaccine rollout and to what extent vaccination rates contribute to excess mortality. The findings suggest that lower vaccination uptake in certain ethnic groups contributes to the disparities in COVID-19 mortality.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mary M. Barker, Melanie J. Davies, Francesco Zaccardi, Emer M. Brady, Andrew P. Hall, Joseph J. Henson, Kamlesh Khunti, Amelia Lake, Emma L. Redman, Alex V. Rowlands, Jane Speight, Tom Yates, Jack A. Sargeant, Michelle Hadjiconstantinou
Summary: This study investigated the association between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms, diabetes-specific distress, and self-compassion. The results showed that younger age at diagnosis was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and diabetes-specific distress, and lower levels of self-compassion.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Suping Ling, Francesco Zaccardi, Eyad Issa, Melanie J. Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Karen Brown
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine long-term trends in cancer mortality rates among individuals with type 2 diabetes, based on various demographic and risk factor subgroups. The results showed that while overall mortality rates decreased, cancer mortality rates increased in older individuals with type 2 diabetes, especially for colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and endometrial cancer. This highlights the need for tailored cancer prevention and early detection strategies to address disparities in the older population, individuals of lower socioeconomic status, and smokers.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Samuel Seidu, Mohammad Abdool, Abdullah Almaqhawi, Thomas J. Wilkinson, Setor K. Kunutsor, Kamlesh Khunti, Tom Yates
Summary: Regular physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. However, the quality of the evidence is low.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Aumeya Goswami, Lydia Poole, Zareen Thorlu-Bangura, Nushrat Khan, Wasim Hanif, Kamlesh Khunti, Paramjit Gill, Madiha Sajid, Ann Blandford, Fiona Stevenson, Amitava Banerjee, Mel Ramasawmy
Summary: This study investigated the use of digital health interventions (DHIs) for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes among minority ethnic populations. The study found that DHIs are suitable for minority ethnic populations when specific factors are considered, including patients' beliefs, health needs, education and literacy levels, material circumstances, culture, social networks, and supporting healthcare systems.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mehrdad A. Mizani, Ashkan Dashtban, Laura Pasea, Alvina G. Lai, Johan Thygesen, Chris Tomlinson, Alex Handy, Jil B. Mamza, Tamsin Morris, Sara Khalid, Francesco Zaccardi, Mary Joan Macleod, Fatemeh Torabi, Dexter Canoy, Ashley Akbari, Colin Berry, Thomas Bolton, John Nolan, Kamlesh Khunti, Spiros Denaxas, Harry Hemingway, Cathie Sudlow, Amitava Banerjee, C. V. D. C. O. V. I. D. U. K. Consortium CVD COVID UK Consortium
Summary: A simple model using national, pre- and post-pandemic electronic health records has been developed to predict excess deaths in the early stages of a pandemic. Despite limited use in emergency preparedness, electronic health records can provide information for pandemic planning and surveillance.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alex V. Rowlands, Paddy C. Dempsey, Benjamin Maylor, Cameron Razieh, Francesco Zaccardi, Melanie J. Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas Yates
Summary: This study examined the association between self-reported walking pace and all-cause mortality (ACM), and found that the association persisted across different categories of accelerometer-assessed physical activity status. The results showed that a higher walking pace was associated with higher physical activity levels and lower risk of all-cause mortality. The findings highlight the importance of both self-reported walking pace and accelerometer-assessed physical activity in predicting mortality risk.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Barry A. Borlaug, Dalane W. Kitzman, Melanie J. Davies, Soren Rasmussen, Eric Barros, Javed Butler, Mette Nygaard Einfeldt, G. Kees Hovingh, Daniel Vega Moller, Mark C. Petrie, Sanjiv J. Shah, Subodh Verma, Walter Abhayaratna, Fozia Z. Ahmed, Vijay Chopra, Justin Ezekowitz, Michael Fu, Hiroshi Ito, Malgorzata Lelonek, Vojtech Melenovsky, Julio Nunez, Eduardo Perna, Morten Schou, Michele Senni, Peter van der Meer, Dirk Von Lewinski, Dennis Wolf, Mikhail N. Kosiborod
Summary: In the STEP-HFpEF trial, semaglutide demonstrated positive treatment effects on symptoms, physical limitations, exercise function, and body weight in patients with the obesity phenotype of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The results showed that semaglutide consistently improved outcomes across different obesity categories and the magnitude of benefit was directly related to the extent of weight loss.
