Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Silva A. Arslanian, Tamara Hannon, Philip Zeitler, Lily C. Chao, Claudia Boucher-Berry, Margarita Barrientos-Perez, Elise Bismuth, Sergio Dib, Jang Ik Cho, David Cox
Summary: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing among youths. Treatment with dulaglutide at a once-weekly dose of 0.75 mg or 1.5 mg was superior to placebo in improving glycemic control through 26 weeks among youths with type 2 diabetes, without an effect on BMI.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Silva A. Arslanian, Tamara Hannon, Philip Zeitler, Lily C. Chao, Claudia Boucher-Berry, Margarita Barrientos-Perez, Elise Bismuth, Sergio Dib, Jang Ik Cho, David Cox
Summary: In this 26-week trial, researchers found that once-weekly treatment with dulaglutide has significant efficacy in improving glycemic control among youths with type 2 diabetes.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mar Sempere-Bigorra, Ivan Julian-Rochina, Omar Cauli
Summary: Diabetic neuropathy presents differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients, with sensory changes being more prominent in type 2 diabetes, while neurological test variations are more common in type 1 diabetes patients. This review highlights the importance of understanding these differences for better clinical management and future research directions in the field.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hui Zhang, Laura K. Simpson, Nicholas P. Carbone, Michael F. Hirshman, Pasquale Nigro, Maria Vamvini, Laurie J. Goodyear, Roeland J. W. Middelbeek
Summary: Exercise training can improve glycemic control and insulin secretion in adults with type 2 diabetes, possibly through improved processing of insulin and increased beta-cell function. A 10-week moderate-intensity exercise program was found to enhance glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and late-phase insulin secretion in individuals with type 2 diabetes. These improvements were associated with changes in VO2peak and correlated with changes in concentrations of Ras-Responsive Element Binding Protein 1 (RREB1), suggesting a potential inhibitory role of RREB1 on insulin secretion.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Oana Patricia Zaharia, Dominik Hans Pesta, Pavel Bobrov, Yuliya Kupriyanova, Christian Herder, Yanislava Karusheva, Kalman Bodis, Gidon Josia Boenhof, Johannes Knitza, David Simon, Arnd Kleyer, Jong-Hee Hwang, Karsten Muessig, Dan Ziegler, Volker Burkart, Georg Schett, Michael Roden, Julia Szendroedi
Summary: The study suggests that patients with type 2 diabetes show musculoskeletal impairments and arthritis-related symptoms linked to insulin resistance. Changes in arthritis-related microRNA profiles may be masked by type 2 diabetes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stefano Ciardullo, Alessandro Roberto Dodesini, Giuseppe Lepore, Anna Corsi, Cristiana Scaranna, Gianluca Perseghin, Roberto Trevisan
Summary: A model of insulin sensitivity was developed using clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes, and it was found to be associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Han-Chow E. Koh, Chao Cao, Bettina Mittendorfer
Summary: Plasma insulin clearance plays an important role in determining plasma insulin concentration and is closely related to excess adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes. The lower insulin clearance rate observed in people with obesity is not a compensatory response to insulin resistance, but directly linked to insulin sensitivity. Additionally, postprandial insulin clearance decreases due to increased delivery of insulin to tissues that clear insulin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mary D. Adu, Catherine P. Bondonno, Benjamin H. Parmenter, Marc Sim, Raymond J. Davey, Kevin Murray, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Dianna J. Magliano, Robin M. Daly, Jonathan E. Shaw, Joshua R. Lewis, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Nicola P. Bondonno
Summary: This study examined the association between flavonoid intake and measures of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in adults, as well as the long-term risk of type 2 diabetes. The results suggest that consuming flavonoid-rich foods may protect against type 2 diabetes by improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julia H. Goedecke, Amy E. Mendham
Summary: Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest projected rates of increase in type 2 diabetes, with socioenvironmental and lifestyle factors possibly interacting with genetic factors to alter the pathophysiology. The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in Black Africans is different from that in their European counterparts. However, current understanding of the disease is largely based on studies involving predominantly White European participants. This review summarizes existing knowledge and data on non-pharmacological interventions exploring the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa, while also highlighting factors that may influence its pathogenesis.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julia Deichmann, Sara Bachmann, Marie-Anne Burckhardt, Gabor Szinnai, Hans-Michael Kaltenbach
Summary: Regular exercise is beneficial for individuals with type 1 diabetes, but adjustments in treatment are needed to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia due to increased glucose demand and changes in insulin sensitivity. Different adjustment strategies based on insulin bolus reductions and additional carbohydrate intake have been proposed, with our study using mathematical modeling to compare their effects. Results suggest that current strategies and guidelines can minimize acute hypoglycemia risk, but increase the risk of late-onset hypoglycemia, highlighting the complexity in managing blood glucose levels during and after exercise.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Steven B. Heymsfield, Laura A. Coleman, Ram Miller, Daniel S. Rooks, Didier Laurent, Olivier Petricoul, Jens Praestgaard, Therese Swan, Thomas Wade, Robert G. Perry, Bret H. Goodpaster, Ronenn Roubenoff
Summary: The study showed that blockade of the ActRII pathway with bimagrumab led to significant loss of fat mass, gain in lean mass, and metabolic improvements over 48 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. Inhibition of ActRII pathway may offer a novel approach for managing excess adiposity and metabolic disturbances.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sung-Woo Kim, Won-Sang Jung, Sochung Chung, Hun-Young Park
Summary: Exercise under hypoxic conditions can increase insulin sensitivity, improve blood glucose control, aid in weight loss, and have positive effects on vascular health in T2DM patients.
WORLD JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shihao Hu, Yuzhi Lu, Andrea Tura, Giovanni Pacini, David Z. D'Argenio
Summary: Glucose effectiveness, the ability of glucose to regulate glucose utilization and production in the body, plays a significant role in maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Hierarchical statistical analysis revealed that individuals with type 2 diabetes had a decreased glucose effectiveness compared to non-diabetic individuals. This finding suggests that glucose effectiveness could be a potential marker for glucose metabolism disorders and a target for diabetes treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Zhang, Dongtao Zhou, Xiaowei Luan, Xuyuan Wang, Zhenxing Zhu, Wen Luo, Jingjing Yang, Shaochun Tang, Yujun Song
Summary: Liver-targeted biodegradable nanoshells are designed to restore liver function and improve insulin resistance by reducing oxidative stress, providing a promising approach for treating type 2 diabetes.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ehtasham Ahmad, Soo Lim, Roberta Lamptey, David R. Webb, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: Type 2 diabetes accounts for nearly 90% of global diabetes cases, with an increasing number of affected individuals, particularly among young people. Early detection and proactive management are crucial for preventing complications and reducing mortality. Technology and precision medicine offer potential improvements to treatment outcomes but face significant barriers.