Article
Cell Biology
Xianliang Gu, Lingling Ge, Bangqi Ren, Yajie Fang, Yijian Li, Yi Wang, Haiwei Xu
Summary: This study identified the mechanism by which glucocorticoids activate YAP and promote ECM remodeling in retinal capillary endothelial cells, providing new insights into the early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Dong Lin, Ruijie Qin, Lixin Guo
Summary: DR is a common complication of diabetes, with high TSH levels being associated with an increased prevalence; TSH may regulate glucose-induced PCs loss through mitochondrial apoptosis involving TSHR.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dongjoon Kim, Marcela Votruba, Sayon Roy
Summary: Reduced level of Opa1 promotes apoptosis and retinal vascular lesions associated with diabetic retinopathy. Downregulation of Opa1 expression contributes to the development of retinal cell death and capillary damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jason Mighty, Alfonso Rubio-Navarro, Cui Shi, Jing Zhou, Miguel Flores-Bellver, Soren Heissel, Onyekwere Onwumere, Linda Einbond, Rajendra Gharbaran, Daniel S. Casper, Alberto Benito-Martin, Stephen Redenti
Summary: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a retinal disorder caused by diabetes. The lack of disease predictors makes the prognosis poor, leading to irreversible retinal damage and vision loss. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) have the potential to be used as pre-symptomatic biomarkers for DR. EV proteins derived from urine may serve as noninvasive biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yuxin Hu, Qian Xu, Hongxue Li, Ziyu Meng, Ming Hao, Xuefei Ma, Wenjian Lin, Hongyu Kuang
Summary: The study revealed that dapagliflozin can slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy by reducing apoptosis of retinal cells, and alleviate HRMECs apoptosis induced by high glucose through the ERK/1/2/cPLA2/AA/ROS pathway.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Xinyang Yu, Xuefei Ma, Wenjian Lin, Qian Xu, Huanran Zhou, HongYu Kuang
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in adults worldwide. This study demonstrates the role of pyroptosis in diabetic retinopathy, with MIAT playing a crucial role in the process by regulating retinal pericyte pyroptosis. The findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting MIAT and pyroptosis in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Dongjoon Kim, Hiromi Sesaki, Sayon Roy
Summary: The study found that reducing Drp1 levels can decrease diabetes-induced retinal vascular lesions, reduce the number of acellular capillaries and pericyte loss, and is associated with an increase in the expression of apoptosis-related genes.
Article
Immunology
Qian Liu, Changgeng Liu, Yangzeng Dong, Haijun Li, Jing Ren
Summary: This study found that circ_NNT plays a protective role in the process of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Circ_NNT elevates the expression of TIMP3 by sequestering miR-320b, thereby inhibiting high glucose-induced apoptosis and inflammation in ARPE-19 cells. Up-regulation of circ_NNT may contribute to the inhibition of DR progression.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Hillenmayer, Christian M. Wertheimer, Arie Geerlof, Kirsten H. Eibl, Siegfried Priglinger, Claudia Priglinger, Andreas Ohlmann
Summary: This study found that hr-GAL1 and 3 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells, and have inhibitory effects on angiogenesis. However, hr-GAL1 and 3 do not show toxic effects on HRMEC. In addition, hr-GAL1 and 3 treatment can activate the proangiogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Article
Cell Biology
Wen Mei, Biao Zhu, Yi Shu, Yanhua Liang, Mei Lin, Mingjuan He, Haizhao Luo, Jingwen Ye
Summary: The study demonstrated that GDF11 treatment improved diabetes-induced retinal dysfunction in mice by protecting against cell death, capillary degeneration, inflammation, and inhibiting blood-retinal barrier breakdown. The mechanism of protection involves TGF-β/Smad2, PI3K-Akt-FoxO1 activation, and NF-κB pathway inhibition.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Kaitlyn L. Wintruba, Jennifer C. Hill, Tara D. Richards, Yoojin C. Lee, David J. Kaczorowski, Ibrahim Sultan, Stephen F. Badylak, Marie Billaud, Thomas G. Gleason, Julie A. Phillippi
Summary: This study found that the adventitial extracellular matrix of normal aorta can increase pericyte contractility, while the adventitial extracellular matrix of aneurysmal aorta lacks this promoting effect. Inhibition of TGF beta R1 and α(2)β(1) integrin can reduce the promoting effect of porcine adventitial extracellular matrix on pericyte contractility.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wenjun Li, Hongxia Xiao
Summary: This study demonstrated that DHM exerts protective effects against HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic damage in ARPE-19 cells through inhibition of miR-34a expression, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of DR.
DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Warren W. Pan, Thomas W. Gardner, Jennifer L. Harder
Summary: DRD remains a common cause of vision loss in working-age adults, with limited progress on new therapies due to the complexity of the human eye. Utilizing systems biology approaches that have been successful in DKD research may help clarify the molecular basis and progression of DRD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Ying Zhu, Xinru Wang, Xiaoyun Zhou, Lexi Ding, Dan Liu, Huizhuo Xu
Summary: The study found that DNMT1-mediated PPAR alpha methylation promotes apoptosis and ROS levels in HRCPs, exacerbating retinal tissue damage in DR mice.
BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Viviane Aline Oliveira Silva, Nayara Delgado Andre, Thais Amaral Sousa, Vani Maria Alves, Isis Do Carmo Kettelhut, Fernando Luiz De Lucca
Summary: PKR can be localized in the nuclei of retinal neurons in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, with its activity potentially demonstrated through the expression of p-eIF2-alpha in the nucleus. However, apoptotic cells were not detected in the retina during this early stage of DR. The study proposes a model involving mtRNA and Alu RNA in the suppression of retinal neuron apoptosis by PKR.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Cristina Hernandez, Massimo Porta, Francesco Bandello, Jakob Grauslund, Simon P. Harding, Stephen J. Aldington, Catherine Egan, Ulrik Frydkjaer-Olsen, Jose Garcia-Arumi, Jonathan Gibson, Gabriele E. Lang, Rosangela Lattanzio, Pascale Massin, Edoardo Midena, Berta Ponsati, Luisa Ribeiro, Peter Scanlon, Jose Cunha-Vaz, Rafael Simo
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Massimo Porta
Summary: The dawn of the insulin era in 1921 marked a landmark achievement in medical history with the successful treatment of diabetes, but also highlighted the mixture of human greatness and misery that often accompanies scientific progress.
ACTA DIABETOLOGICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Erik van Nunen, Gerard Hoek, Ming-Yi Tsai, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Medea Imboden, Ayoung Jeong, Alessio Naccarati, Sonia Tarallo, Daniela Raffaele, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Jelle Vlaanderen, John Gulliver, Andre F. S. Amaral, Paolo Vineis, Roel Vermeulen
Summary: Studies on the association between short-term exposure to outdoor fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine particles (UFP) and blood pressure and lung function have shown inconsistent results. Personal exposure to UFP, PM2.5, and soot was investigated in healthy adults in Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Italy. While there was no association found between UFP exposure and blood pressure or lung function, personal PM2.5 and soot exposures were positively associated with blood pressure.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aurora Mazzeo, Federica Barutta, Linda Bellucci, Marina Trento, Gabriella Gruden, Massimo Porta, Elena Beltramo
Summary: Thiamine plays a crucial role in diabetic microvascular complications, with reduced thiamine levels and high glucose impairing thiamine transport. Thiamine supplementation may be a therapeutic option to prevent or slow the progression of these complications.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elena Beltramo, Aurora Mazzeo, Massimo Porta
Summary: The link between thiamine and diabetes was first reported in the 1940s, but it was not until the late 1990s that thiamine supplementation for treating diabetic neuropathy gained consensus. Despite promising studies showing potential benefits of thiamine in combating diabetic complications, the lack of patent protection and investment interest have hindered large-scale clinical trials to explore its full potential in diabetes treatment.
ACTA DIABETOLOGICA
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sonia Tarallo, Giulio Ferrero, Francesca De Filippis, Antonio Francavilla, Edoardo Pasolli, Valentina Panero, Francesca Cordero, Nicola Segata, Sara Grioni, Ruggero Gaetano Pensa, Barbara Pardini, Danilo Ercolini, Alessio Naccarati
Summary: The study found differential expression of miRNAs among individuals following different diets, with correlations to lipid metabolism and nutrient intake. There were distinct microbial composition differences in the gut between vegans/vegetarians and omnivores.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dan Ziegler, Massimo Porta, Nikolaos Papanas, Maria Mota, Gyorgy Jermendy, Elena Beltramo, Aurora Mazzeo, Andrea Caccioppo, Elio Striglia, Victoria Serhiyenko, Alexandr Serhiyenko, Laszlo Rosta, Ovidiu Alin Stirban, Zsuzsanna Putz, Ildiko Istenes, Viktor Horvath, Peter Kempler
Summary: Microvascular complications of diabetes, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, contribute to significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Causal therapies for these complications are limited, thus there is a need for adjunct treatments that can be effective despite ongoing hyperglycemia. Experimental studies have shown promising results in animal models using biofactors to prevent or ameliorate diabetic microvascular complications. These findings, such as the use of alpha-lipoic acid and benfotiamine, could further be translated into clinical trials, particularly for diabetic polyneuropathy. Long-term clinical trials are necessary to confirm the potential benefits of these compounds in modifying the natural history of these complications. Ultimately, biofactors have the potential to expand the therapeutic options for these common and debilitating complications of diabetes.
CURRENT DIABETES REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Alessandra Favole, Maria Mazza, Antonio D'Angelo, Guerino Lombardi, Claudia Palmitessa, Luana Dell'Atti, Giulia Cagnotti, Elena Berrone, Marina Gallo, Tiziana Avanzato, Erika Messana, Loretta Masoero, Pier Luigi Acutis, Daniela Meloni, Franco Cardone, Maria Caramelli, Cristina Casalone, Cristiano Corona
Summary: Goats are susceptible to L-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy via oral transmission, as indicated by the seeding activity of PrPsc detected in brain samples through ultrasensitive RT-QuIC analysis, despite the absence of typical clinical signs of TSEs during the study.
BMC RESEARCH NOTES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aurora Mazzeo, Massimo Porta, Elena Beltramo
Summary: The complexity of retinal structure makes it difficult to describe the interactions between its composite cells. In this study, a commercially available human microglial cell line was characterized to study its susceptibility to inflammation and investigate the species-specific interactions between neuro-vascular retinal components. The researchers found that this cell line showed potential for investigating the events leading to diabetic retinopathy and suggested that co-culture models involving microvascular cells could enhance the understanding of the multifaceted interactions in the neurovascular unit.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Tania Audino, Elena Berrone, Carla Grattarola, Federica Giorda, Virginia Mattioda, Walter Martelli, Antonio Pintore, Giuliana Terracciano, Cristiano Cocumelli, Giuseppe Lucifora, Fabio Di Nocera, Gabriella Di Francesco, Ludovica Di Renzo, Silva Rubini, Stefano Gavaudan, Anna Toffan, Roberto Puleio, Dashzeveg Bold, Francesco Brunelli, Maria Goria, Antonio Petrella, Maria Caramelli, Cristiano Corona, Sandro Mazzariol, Juergen A. Richt, Giovanni Di Guardo, Cristina Casalone
Summary: This study suggests that marine mammals, especially inshore species like bottlenose dolphins, may be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The presence of ACE2 and the role of macrophages in antiviral defense were investigated.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Berrone, Giovanna Chiorino, Francesca Guana, Valerio Benedetti, Claudia Palmitessa, Marina Gallo, Andrea Calvo, Federico Casale, Umberto Manera, Alessandra Favole, Paola Crociara, Camilla Testori, Valerio Carta, Carlotta Tessarolo, Antonio D'Angelo, Giovanni De Marco, Maria Caramelli, Adriano Chio, Cristina Casalone, Cristiano Corona
Summary: ALS is a complex disease with delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. The SOMAscan assay was used to identify differential expression of proteins in ALS patients, and 42 proteins were found to be significantly different. Four upregulated proteins were selected and validated in an overlapping cohort of patients. These proteins may provide insight into ALS pathogenesis and serve as potential candidates for targeted therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Amedeo Gagliardi, Giulia Francescato, Giulio Ferrero, Giovanni Birolo, Sonia Tarallo, Antonio Francavilla, Giulia Piaggeschi, Carla Di Battista, Gaetano Gallo, Alberto Realis Luc, Carlotta Sacerdote, Giuseppe Matullo, Paolo Vineis, Alessio Naccarati, Barbara Pardini
Summary: This study investigates the expression changes of miRNAs located in the 8q24 region in colorectal cancer (CRC) and bladder cancer (BC). The findings suggest that altered expression of certain miRNAs may be associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between the 8q24 region and cancer, as well as the understanding of transcriptomic regulation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alessandra Favole, Camilla Testori, Stefania Bergagna, Maria Silvia Gennero, Francesco Ingravalle, Barbara Costa, Sara Barresi, Piercarlo Curti, Francesco Barberis, Sandra Ganio, Riccardo Orusa, Elena Vallino Costassa, Elena Berrone, Marco Verne, Massimo Scaglia, Claudia Palmitessa, Marina Gallo, Carlotta Tessarolo, Sabina Pederiva, Alessio Ferrari, Valentina Lorenzi, Francesca Fusi, Laura Brunelli, Roberta Pastorelli, Giulia Cagnotti, Cristina Casalone, Maria Caramelli, Cristiano Corona
Summary: Animal welfare assessment is important for farm animal health and productivity. This study investigates potential biomarkers for measuring the physical and mental health of dairy cows by comparing plasma expression of biochemical indicators in cows reared in three different farming systems. The findings suggest that alterations in BDNF level, kynurenine pathway, and plasma lipid composition may be potential biomarkers for monitoring dairy cattle welfare.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Antonio Francavilla, Giulio Ferrero, Barbara Pardini, Sonia Tarallo, Laura Zanatto, Gian Paolo Caviglia, Sabina Sieri, Sara Grioni, Giulia Francescato, Francesco Stalla, Cristina Guiotto, Lucia Crocella, Marco Astegiano, Mauro Bruno, Pier Luigi Calvo, Paolo Vineis, Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone, Alessio Naccarati
Summary: Current treatment for celiac disease is adhering to a gluten-free diet, but its long-term molecular effects are still unknown. This study explored fecal small non-coding RNAs and gut microbiome profiles in celiac disease subjects and found altered miRNA and microbial profiles in treated celiac disease subjects.