Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Leonard C. Harrison, Esther Bandala-Sanchez, Helena Oakey, Peter G. Colman, Kelly Watson, Ki Wook Kim, Roy Wu, Emma E. Hamilton-Williams, Natalie L. Stone, Aveni Haynes, Rebecca L. Thomson, Peter J. Vuillermin, Georgia Soldatos, William D. Rawlinson, Kelly J. McGorm, Grant Morahan, Simon C. Barry, Richard O. Sinnott, John M. Wentworth, Jennifer J. Couper, Megan A. S. Penno, ENDIA Study Grp
Summary: A study found that the production of pancreatic islet autoantibodies in children with genetic susceptibility may be related to enteric virus infection, indicating that enteric infection could be one of the environmental factors driving the development of autoimmune diseases.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mohamed Ghalwash, Jessica L. Dunne, Markus Lundgren, Marian Rewers, Anette-G Ziegler, Vibha Anand, Jorma Toppari, Riitta Veijola, William Hagopian
Summary: This study identifies efficient strategies for early islet autoantibody screening in children, with optimal ages for two measurements being 2 years and 6 years, providing high sensitivity and positive predictive value for diagnosing clinical type 1 diabetes.
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bum Chul Kwon, Peter Achenbach, Vibha Anand, Brigitte I. Frohnert, William Hagopian, Jianying Hu, Eileen Koski, Ake Lernmark, Olivia Lou, Frank Martin, Kenney Ng, Jorma Toppari, Riitta Veijola
Summary: Analyzing the levels of autoantibodies can better differentiate children who progress to type 1 diabetes from those who do not.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michelle So, Cate Speake, Andrea K. Steck, Markus Lundgren, Peter G. Colman, Jerry P. Palmer, Kevan C. Herold, Carla J. Greenbaum
Summary: Islet autoantibodies are key markers for diagnosing type 1 diabetes and identifying at-risk individuals pre-symptomatically. Prediction of disease progression based on autoantibody count has been shown to be effective, but heterogeneous. Characteristics such as molecular specifics and sequence-dependent risk profiles have emerged as predictive features. Studying these features can improve trial design aimed at predicting and preventing disease.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xixi Nan, Xia Li, Yufei Xiang, Xiang Yan, Houde Zhou, Xiaohan Tang, Jin Cheng, Xiaohong Niu, Jing Liu, Qiuhe Ji, Linong Ji, Gan Huang, Zhiguang Zhou
Summary: The distribution of islet autoantibodies varies with age in diabetes mellitus patients. By stratifying patients according to a certain age cutoff, different sequences of antibody detection can improve the detection rate and reduce screening costs. Particularly in older patients, ZnT8A detection can help avoid missed diagnoses of latent autoimmune diabetes.
DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kenney Ng, Vibha Anand, Harry Stavropoulos, Riitta Veijola, Jorma Toppari, Marlena Maziarz, Markus Lundgren, Kathy Waugh, Brigitte Frohnert, Frank Martin, Olivia Lou, William Hagopian, Peter Achenbach
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of islet autoantibody (IAb) levels in predicting type 1 diabetes in children positive for autoantibodies. The results showed that considering the quantitative patterns of IAb levels improved the predictive power for type 1 diabetes beyond the qualitative IAb positivity status in children positive for autoantibodies.
Article
Immunology
Sefina Arif, Irma Pujol-Autonell, Yogesh Kamra, Evangelia Williams, Norkhairin Yusuf, Clara Domingo-Vila, Yasaman Shahrabi, Emily Pollock, Leena Khatri, Mark Peakman, Timothy Tree, Anna Lorenc
Summary: T cell responses to both native and neoepitopes in patients with type 1 diabetes and high-risk unaffected family members are similar in terms of frequency and phenotype. This suggests that neoepitopes are comparable to native epitopes for immune-monitoring studies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emily K. Sims, Rachel E. J. Besser, Colin Dayan, Cristy Geno Rasmussen, Carla Greenbaum, Kurt J. Griffin, William Hagopian, Mikael Knip, Anna E. Long, Frank Martin, Chantal Mathieu, Marian Rewers, Andrea K. Steck, John M. Wentworth, Stephen S. Rich, Olga Kordonouri, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, Kevan C. Herold
Summary: Most screening programs for type 1 diabetes identify individuals at risk through relatives, but many patients don't have a family history. Recent advancements in disease-modifying therapies have sparked interest in population screening. Existing programs rely on genetic or autoantibody screening, which have provided valuable insights into disease progression and screening timing.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jacob Nieto, Beatriz Castillo, Marcela Astudillo, Mustafa Tosur, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Massimo Pietropaolo, Maria J. Redondo
Summary: The study found that IAA positivity was associated with younger age and lower HbA1c levels, while GADA positivity was linked to female sex and decreased tTGA titers.
PEDIATRIC DIABETES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
C. L. Williams, R. Fareed, G. L. M. Mortimer, R. J. Aitken, I. Wilson, G. George, K. M. Gillespie, A. J. K. Williams, A. E. Long
Summary: The largest longitudinal study of islet autoantibody responses from diagnosis of type 1 diabetes shows that the loss of autoantibodies is heterogeneous and influenced by factors such as low titres at onset, longer duration, earlier age-at-onset, and genetic variants. These findings have implications for clinical trials recruiting post-diagnosis participants.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicholas E. Johnson, Russell J. Butterfield, Katie Mayne, Tara Newcomb, Carina Imburgia, Diane Dunn, Brett Duval, Marcia L. Feldkamp, Robert B. Weiss
Summary: This study found that the prevalence of CTG repeat expansions in the DMPK gene associated with DM1 is up to 5 times higher than previously reported estimates, with 4.76 DM1 cases per 10,000 births and 19.1 cases in the premutation range per 10,000 births in newborns in New York. This suggests that DM1 may be underdiagnosed in practice.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter Achenbach, Markus Hippich, Jose Zapardiel-Gonzalo, Beate Karges, Reinhard W. Holl, Agnese Petrera, Ezio Bonifacio, Anette-G Ziegler
Summary: This study identified subgroups of young patients with diabetes using the multivariable classification and regression tree analysis method. These subgroups showed significant differences in clinical and biochemical characteristics and had potential pathogenetic and therapeutic relevance.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhiguo Li, Riitta Veijola, Eileen Koski, Vibha Anand, Frank Martin, Kathleen Waugh, Heikki Hyoty, Christiane Winkler, Michael B. Killian, Markus Lundgren, Kenney Ng, Marlena Maziarz, Jorma Toppari
Summary: This study suggests that rapid height growth in childhood is associated with increased risk of islet autoimmunity and progression to T1D.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Khalid Siddiqui, Shaik Sarfaraz Nawaz, Assim A. Alfadda, Muhammad Mujammami
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies in the Saudi Arabian population with type 1 diabetes. The results showed a high prevalence of autoantibodies in T1D patients, particularly in adolescents. The prevalence of autoantibodies decreased with disease duration and age.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Matteo Scalabrin, Matteo Nadai, Martina Tassinari, Sara Lago, Filippo Doria, Ilaria Frasson, Mauro Freccero, Sara N. Richter
Summary: This study developed a rapid method to screen for single G4 ligands and successfully identified nonplanar pyrazolopyrimidines that selectively recognize and stabilize HIV-1 G4. These compounds inhibit HIV-1 replication, potentially providing a new approach for the development of novel G4-based therapeutics.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)