Article
Oncology
Kimlin Tam Ashing, Gaole Song, Veronica Jones, Charles Brenner, Raynald Samoa
Summary: Cancer inequity affects ethnic minorities and people of lower socioeconomic status, leading to poor access to care and higher prevalence of comorbid conditions like diabetes. This study found that minority cancer patients, especially non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanic/Latino individuals, were more likely to have diabetes. Older, ethnic minority, overweight/obese, and lower educated cancer patients were also at higher risk for diabetes. Clinicians and health systems should routinely assess cancer patients for diabetes and provide coordinated care.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hossein Zare, Adriele Fugal, Mojgan Azadi, Darrell J. Gaskin
Summary: The aim of this study was to estimate the association between income and depressive symptoms in adult women. The results showed that women with lower income had a higher risk of depression, and non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women had the highest rates of depression among all racial/ethnic groups. After adjustment, women with medium and high income had lower incidence rates, and higher income was shown to be protective against depression.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Eleanor Hayes-Larson, Taylor M. Mobley, Andrea Gilmore-Bykovskyi, Crystal Shaw, Arun Karlamangla, Jennifer J. Manly, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
Summary: This study revealed racial/ethnic disparities in poor health-related quality of life among older adults in the United States, with Blacks and Latinos reporting higher rates of poor HRQOL compared to whites. These disparities were more pronounced among those without dementia.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nuha Mahmood, Emma V. Sanchez-Vaznaugh, Mika Matsuzaki, Brisa N. Sanchez
Summary: Recent studies show that racial/ethnic health disparities disappear in racially integrated communities, indicating that place, not race, plays a significant role in shaping these disparities. This study examines this theory among children and finds that school segregation is a major contributor to childhood obesity disparities.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Erik Erhardt, Cristina Murray-Krezan, Lidia Regino, Daniel Perez, Elaine L. Bearer, Janet Page-Reeves
Summary: This article explores the association between depression and diabetes in a cohort of Latinx patients with diabetes from low-income households. The study found that culturally and contextually situated diabetes self-management programs, like the Chronic Care Model, had better outcomes for Latinx patients in terms of reducing depression and improving diabetes management.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Terri H. Lipman, Jennifer A. Smith, Oona Patil, Steven M. Willi, Colin P. Hawkes
Summary: Racial disparities in technology use and diabetes outcomes persist in children with T1D, regardless of insurance status. Pediatric healthcare providers should remain cognizant of racial disparities in diabetes treatment to ensure equitable care. The impact of provider and patient factors should be explored in studying the etiology of these health disparities.
PEDIATRIC DIABETES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ayesha C. Sujan, Nerissa Nance, Charles Quesenberry, Kathryn Ridout, Mibhali Bhalala, Lyndsay A. Avalos
Summary: This study found racial and ethnic differences in perinatal depression and anxiety. Asian individuals had a lower risk of perinatal depression and anxiety but a higher risk of severe depression during pregnancy. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had a higher risk of perinatal depression and anxiety. Hispanic individuals had a lower risk of depression during pregnancy but a higher risk of postpartum depression and severe depression during and after pregnancy. Targeted prevention, intervention, and destigmatization efforts should be implemented for different racial and ethnic groups.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sarah Kanbour, Marissa Jones, Mohammed S. Abusamaan, Caitlin Nass, Estelle Everett, Risa M. Wolf, Aniket Sidhaye, Nestoras Mathioudakis
Summary: Recent studies have found racial disparities in the use of diabetes technology among adult patients with type 1 diabetes. Black patients have lower rates of technology use, discussions, and prescribing compared to non-Black patients. Social determinants of health and diabetes outcomes are also associated with these disparities.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nickolas Stabellini, Jennifer Cullen, Lifen Cao, John Shanahan, Nelson Hamerschlak, Kristin Waite, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Alberto J. Montero
Summary: The study aimed to analyze the differences in treatment patterns and treatment related adverse events in Non-Hispanic women with breast cancer based on race. The results showed that Non-Hispanic Black women were less likely to undergo surgery or receive endocrine therapy, but more likely to receive radiotherapy. They also had a higher risk of cognitive decline/dementia after treatment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Hiu-fai Fong, Michael A. Lindsey, Mario Cruz-Gonzalez, William Beardslee, Margarita Alegria
Summary: This study found that Black caregivers involved with the US child welfare system had the lowest rates of depression treatment compared to White caregivers, highlighting a disparity in mental health care. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this disparity and to develop targeted interventions to promote equitable mental health care for vulnerable populations.
ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Priyashma Joshi, Ifeanyichukwu Ogobuiro, Alexandra Hernandez, Gabriel De La Cruz Ku, Daniel George Noe, Lynn Feun, Zhao-Jun Liu, Mecker G. Moller
Summary: This study identified Hispanic ethnicity, Black and Asian or Pacific Islander race, and low-income households as associated with late-stage non-ocular melanoma at diagnosis. Factors such as Black, Asian or Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaskan Native races and lower-income households were linked to worse overall survival. Identifying causal factors that contribute to poor cancer prognosis in this at-risk population is crucial.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Carol M. Mangione, Michael J. Barry, Wanda K. Nicholson, Michael Cabana, Tumaini Rucker Coker, Karina W. Davidson, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Carlos Roberto Jaen, Martha Kubik, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Lori Pbert, John M. Ruiz, James Stevermer, John B. Wong
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US, but can be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors. Adults who adhere to national guidelines for a healthy diet and physical activity have lower rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Kate E. Dibble, Avonne E. Connor
Summary: The study found that Hispanic women with BRCA1/2 mutations from medically underserved backgrounds are an important high-risk group, as they are more likely to experience anxiety and depressive symptoms. For other minority women and women living in poverty, the reported rates of depressive symptoms are lower.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Alexander P. Cole, Peter Herzog, Hari S. Iyer, Maya Marchese, Brandon A. Mahal, Stuart R. Lipsitz, Joshua Nyambose, Susan T. Gershman, Mark Kennedy, Gail Merriam, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Quoc-Dien Trinh
Summary: Despite lower odds of receiving definitive therapy, Black men with prostate cancer in Massachusetts experience decreased cancer-specific mortality compared to White men.
Article
Oncology
Bhav Jain, Kosj Yamoah, Christopher S. Lathan, Vinayak Muralidhar, Brandon A. Mahal, Paul L. Nguyen, Edward Christopher Dee
Summary: Young Black men with prostate cancer are more likely to experience treatment delays exceeding six months compared to young White men. This disparity does not exist among older age groups.
PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ashley P. Golden, Elizabeth D. Ellis, Sarah S. Cohen, Michael T. Mumma, Richard W. Leggett, Phillip W. Wallace, David Girardi, Janice P. Watkins, Roy E. Shore, John D. Boice
Summary: This study conducted dose-response analysis on the causes of death among early uranium processing workers and found a positive correlation between radiation dose and kidney cancer, and a negative correlation with lung cancer. Additionally, dust measurements were associated with lung diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Sarah S. Cohen, Michael T. Mumma, Elizabeth D. Ellis, John D. Boice
Summary: In occupational epidemiology studies, adjusting for smoking status or using a reliable surrogate such as socioeconomic status (SES) is crucial. However, sometimes data on smoking patterns or individual-level SES are not available in occupational cohorts. To address this issue, this study demonstrated a method to obtain and geocode residential address histories and linked them to area-level SES measures. The results showed that area-level SES measures can serve as a reliable surrogate when individual-level indicators are not available for statistical adjustment, especially in outcomes affected by lifestyle factors like smoking.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
John D. Boice, Elizabeth D. Ellis, Ashley P. Golden, Lydia B. Zablotska, Michael T. Mumma, Sarah S. Cohen
Summary: The study found that the risk of radiation-induced lung cancer is nearly three times higher for women than for men. However, no similar gender differences were found among populations exposed to chronic or fractionated radiation. The analysis of various occupational cohorts showed little difference in gender-specific lung cancer risks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
John D. Boice, Sarah S. Cohen, Michael T. Mumma, Heidi Chen, Ashley P. Golden, Harold L. Beck, John E. Till
Summary: This study tracked the survival status of 114,270 nuclear weapons test participants for up to 65 years. The results showed that most atomic veterans were enlisted men who served in the Navy at the PPG and were born before 1930. The study found no statistically significant radiation associations with mortality among the participants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
John D. Boice, Sarah S. Cohen, Michael T. Mumma, Ashley P. Golden, Sara C. Howard, David J. Girardi, Elizabeth Dupree Ellis, Michael B. Bellamy, Lawrence T. Dauer, Caleigh Samuels, Keith F. Eckerman, Richard W. Leggett
Summary: The study analyzed the mortality experience of 26,328 workers first employed at Los Alamos National Laboratory between 1943 and 1980, with majority being hired before 1960. Most workers had a college degree, and a significant percentage were female, white, and Hispanic. The study found little evidence of radiation increasing the risk of lung cancer or leukemia, but esophageal cancer was associated with radiation and plutonium intakes were linked to an increase in bone cancer. Non-radiation related health issues were also observed among Hispanic workers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ashley H. Shoemaker, Heidi J. Silver, Maciej Buchowski, James C. Slaughter, Jack A. Yanovski, Clinton Elfers, Christian L. Roth, M. Jennifer Abuzzahab
Summary: Treatment with a GLP1RA can decrease food intake but also lead to a disproportionate decrease in total energy expenditure compared to changes in body composition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Biology
John D. Boice, Brian Quinn, Isaf Al-Nabulsi, Armin Ansari, Paul K. Blake, Steve R. Blattnig, Emily A. Caffrey, Sarah S. Cohen, Ashley P. Golden, Kathryn D. Held, Derek W. Jokisch, Richard W. Leggett, Michael T. Mumma, Caleigh Samuels, John E. Till, Sergei Y. Tolmachev, R. Craig Yoder, Joey Y. Zhou, Lawrence T. Dauer
Summary: Epidemiological studies of radiation-exposed populations are crucial for establishing human safety standards and shaping public health policies. The Million Person Study (MPS) focuses on examining health effects following chronic radiation exposure and has provided some insights into the potential risks associated with low-level exposure. Future collaborations and the establishment of a National Center for Radiation Epidemiology and Biology are envisioned for a more comprehensive evaluation of radiation effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
John D. Boice, Sarah S. Cohen, Michael T. Mumma, Sara C. Howard, R. Craig Yoder, Lawrence T. Dauer
Summary: This study investigated the radiation risks among medical radiation workers and found an increased risk for lung cancer, particularly among male workers. However, there were no statistically significant radiation associations with other specific causes of death such as leukemia and ischemic heart disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
John D. Boice, Sarah S. Cohen, Michael T. Mumma, Derek A. Hagemeyer, Heidi Chen, Ashley P. Golden, R. Craig Yoder, Lawrence T. Dauer
Summary: The Million Person Study of Low-Dose Health Effects aims to examine the radiation risk for chronic exposures received gradually over time among nuclear power plant workers. Prolonged exposure to radiation was found to increase the risk of leukemia other than CLL among NPP workers, but there was little evidence for a radiation association with all solid cancers, lung cancer, or ischemic heart disease. Increased precision is expected as different cohorts within the MPS are combined for analysis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jacob A. Kaslow, Andrew G. Sokolow, Thomas Donnelly, Maciej S. Buchowski, Bruce M. Damon, Larry W. Markham, W. Bryan Burnette, Jonathan H. Soslow
Summary: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle disease that affects heart and lung function. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and functional assessments such as quantitative muscle testing (QMT), spirometry, and accelerometry in patients with DMD. The results showed that imaging of the upper extremity muscles had the strongest correlations with accelerometry, QMT, and spirometry.
NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
(2022)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sarah H. Brown, Meng Xu, Rachel S. Chang, Sarah S. Cohen, Elvis A. Akwo, Debra D. Dixon, Loren Lipworth, Deepak K. Gupta
CIRCULATION-HEART FAILURE
(2022)
Article
Biology
John D. Boice, Sarah S. Cohen, Michael T. Mumma, Ashley P. Golden, Sara C. Howard, David J. Girardi, Elizabeth D. Ellis, Michael B. Bellamy, Lawrence T. Dauer, Keith F. Eckerman, Richard W. Leggett
Summary: This study investigates the health effects of uranium exposure on female workers during World War II. The results suggest that inhalation of uranium dust may increase the risk of lung cancer and other respiratory diseases, but the impact of radiation on lung cancer risk is not significant.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Yan Sun, Jie Wu, Hyung-Suk Yoon, Maciej S. Buchowski, Hui Cai, Stephen A. Deppen, Mark D. Steinwandel, Wei Zheng, Xiao-Ou Shu, William J. Blot, Qiuyin Cai
Summary: This study examined the associations between dietary intake of carotenoids and vitamin A and lung cancer risk among low-income African Americans and European Americans. The results showed a positive association between dietary vitamin A intake and lung cancer risk among current smokers, as well as racial-specific associations with adenocarcinoma risk among African Americans. This study contributes to understanding the role of nutrient intake and lung cancer risk among underrepresented populations.
Article
Pediatrics
Jacob A. Kaslow, Andrew G. Sokolow, Thomas Donnelly, Maciej S. Buchowski, Larry W. Markham, William Bryan Burnette, Jonathan. H. Soslow
Summary: Current studies have mainly focused on respiratory decline and loss of ambulation as indicators of skeletal muscle strength loss in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, this study found that measures of lung function, specifically forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), showed a strong correlation with functional muscle assessments such as accelerometry and quantitative muscle testing (QMT). Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and FVC demonstrated the most robust correlations with total QMT.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Cato M. Milder, Sara C. Howard, Elizabeth D. Ellis, Ashley P. Golden, Sarah S. Cohen, Michael T. Mumma, Richard W. Leggett, Benjamin French, Lydia B. Zablotska, John D. Boice
Summary: This third follow-up study of Mallinckrodt uranium processors reinforced the findings of previous studies. The workers showed an excess of brain cancers compared to the general US population, although no radiation dose-response relationship was detected. The association between radiation and kidney cancer persisted, but it may be attributed to the low number of cases at higher doses. Silica dust exposure was associated with nonmalignant kidney disease, but there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2023)