Review
Behavioral Sciences
Claire E. Kelly, Michelle Shaul, Deanne K. Thompson, Rheanna M. Mainzer, Joseph Y. M. Yang, Thijs Dhollander, Jeanie L. Y. Cheong, Terrie E. Inder, Lex W. Doyle, Peter J. Anderson
Summary: Early life experiences, such as very preterm birth, can have long-term effects on brain and cognitive development. This study synthesized previous research on brain structure in adults born very preterm (VP) and found volumetric, morphologic, and microstructural alterations in specific regions of the brain compared to controls. These findings suggest a persisting neurological impact of VP birth, which may provide insights into the development of cognition in high-risk populations.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Syed M. Adil, Evan Calabrese, Lefko T. Charalambous, James J. Cook, Shervin Rahimpour, Ahmet F. Atik, Gary P. Cofer, Beth A. Parente, G. Allan Johnson, Shivanand P. Lad, Leonard E. White
Summary: This study successfully constructed an atlas of the human brainstem using high-resolution MRI technology, which is available online for interactive use, providing a new tool for neuroanatomical education and research.
Review
Pediatrics
Julia Romberg, Marko Wilke, Christoph Allgaier, Thomas Nagele, Corinna Engel, Christian F. Poets, Axel Franz
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review to determine reference ranges for MRI-based brain volumes of very preterm infants at term-equivalent age. The findings provide valuable reference data for future studies on neurodevelopment and interpretation of MRI-based volumetric findings in preterm infants.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Tingting Liu, Zhiyong Zhao, Yuqing You, Fusheng Gao, Ying Lv, Mingyan Li, Chai Ji, Can Lai, Hongxi Zhang, Dan Wu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the developmental trajectory of structural connectivity in preterm-born infants and explore the potential function correlation associated with network properties. The findings revealed a unique developmental pattern of structural networks in early infancy, with enhanced efficiency and small-worldness, and a significant correlation between local efficiency and late language comprehension.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Min-Kyung Lee, Yangsean Choi, Jinhee Jang, Na-Young Shin, So-Lyung Jung, Kook-Jin Ahn, Bum-soo Kim
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the detection rate of the intraparotid facial nerve (IFN) and its branches on MRI, with a high pooled detection rate of 99.8% for the main trunk of the IFN. Heterogeneity was only detected in the temporofacial branch, likely due to slice thickness and the use of steady-state sequences with DWI implementation. Overall, MRI showed a high detection rate for the IFN and its branches, especially with certain imaging techniques.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Anni Copeland, Eero Silver, Riikka Korja, Satu J. Lehtola, Harri Merisaari, Ekaterina Saukko, Susanne Sinisalo, Jani Saunavaara, Tuire Lahdesmaki, Riitta Parkkola, Saara Nolvi, Linnea Karlsson, Hasse Karlsson, Jetro J. Tuulari
Summary: MRI is a safe method to examine the human brain, but motion sensitivity makes it challenging for pediatric scans. Proper preparation and techniques are crucial for successful scanning, and more detailed reporting is recommended to identify factors affecting scanning success.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
J. J. Levitt, F. Zhang, M. Vangel, P. G. Nestor, Y. Rathi, M. Kubicki, M. E. Shenton, L. J. O'Donnell
Summary: The study analyzed the brain wiring between the frontal cortex and caudate in 100 young adult healthy subjects using dMRI scans. It found that the wiring pattern deviates from a strictly topographic organization due to significant convergence in regionally specific fiber clusters, originating from subregions of ventrolateral, dorsolateral, and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex. This deviation suggests a regionally specific pattern of cluster convergence in the brain wiring.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michel R. T. Sinke, Geralda A. F. van Tilborg, Anu E. Meerwaldt, Caroline L. van Heijningen, Annette van der Toorn, Milou Straathof, Fazle Rakib, Mohamed H. M. Ali, Khalid Al-Saad, Willem M. Otte, Rick M. Dijkhuizen
Summary: This study found that motor recovery is possible after stroke despite degeneration in the CST, and may be supported by intact neuronal communication between hemispheres.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2021)
Review
Developmental Biology
Eero Silver, Riikka Korja, Elina Mainela-Arnold, Elmo P. Pulli, Ekaterina Saukko, Saara Nolvi, Eeva-Leena Kataja, Linnea Karlsson, Hasse Karlsson, Jetro J. Tuulari
Summary: The neurocognitive functions supporting language development start to develop well before first words are spoken during the first years of life. While the core components of the language network are well characterized in adults and children, the initial neural correlates of language skills are still relatively unknown. Studies combining magnetic resonance imaging and language-related measures in healthy infants from birth to 2 years of age have shown that volumetric leftward asymmetry of the brain, temporal and frontal brain volumes, and maturation of language related white matter tracts are all positively associated with language skills. However, there is a lack of systematic neural correlates of language skills due to a modest number of studies, scattered representation of ages in measurements and the variance in the used methods.
DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
H. Coudert, S. Mirafzal, A. Dissard, L. Boyer, P. -F. Montoriol
Summary: This systematic review provides an overview of the contribution of multiparametric MRI in the diagnosis of parotid tumors, highlighting the use of DWI and DCE imaging, as well as the differences in morphological signs between benign and malignant tumors. The combination of different imaging modalities can significantly increase the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for focal parotid tumors.
DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL IMAGING
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Sacha Posener, Ghazi Hmeydia, Joseph Benzakoun, Catherine Oppenheim, Jean-Claude Baron, Guillaume Turc
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence, associated factors, and presumed causes of remote diffusion-weighted imaging lesions (RDWILs) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The results showed that RDWILs were detected in approximately 25% of acute ICH patients and were associated with neuroimaging features of microangiopathy, atrial fibrillation, clinical severity, elevated blood pressure, ICH volume, and the presence of subarachnoid or intraventricular hemorrhage. RDWILs were also associated with poor functional outcome at 3 months. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of specific ICH treatment strategies on reducing RDWILs and improving outcomes.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jayendra M. Bhalodiya, Sarah N. Lim Choi Keung, Theodoros N. Arvanitis
Summary: This article reviews 572 brain tumour segmentation studies conducted between 2015 and 2020, summarizing the use of different segmentation algorithms and magnetic resonance imaging sequences. The U-Net deep learning technology is found to have high accuracy in MRI-based brain tumour segmentation, but there is limited availability of datasets for perfusion-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI.
Review
Neurosciences
Ziyan Chen, Ningrong Ye, Chubei Teng, Xuejun Li
Summary: Gliomas are common and complex primary tumors in the central nervous system. Neuroradiological approaches provide macroscopic views for surgical resection and treatment. Connectome, a structural map of the brain, can be calculated through MRI. This study reviewed the principles and attributes of the connectome, discussed its alterations in gliomas, and suggested further research in this area.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chiwon Ahn, Jaehoon Oh, Chan Woong Kim, Heekyung Lee, Tae Ho Lim, Hyunggoo Kang
Summary: This study aimed to assess the usefulness of brain imaging as a diagnostic tool for delayed neurological sequelae (DNS) in patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning (COP). The results showed that detecting abnormal brain lesions using MRI or CT may assist in diagnosing DNS in acute COP patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Alex J. Murray, Clara S. Humpston, Martin Wilson, Jack C. Rogers, Mohammad Zia Ul Haq Katshu, Peter F. Liddle, Rachel Upthegrove
Summary: Oxidative stress may contribute to the worsening of psychosis and poor outcomes. Glutathione levels in psychosis patients are related to clinical features and spectroscopy protocols. Meta-analysis shows no difference in glutathione levels between total psychosis patients and controls, but reduced levels are seen in patients with stable schizophrenia. Additionally, older studies demonstrate greater reductions in glutathione levels.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Developmental Biology
Kirat K. K. Chand, Kerstin Pannek, Paul B. B. Colditz, Julie A. A. Wixey
Summary: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities, but the mechanisms are still unknown and there are no current therapies to protect the FGR newborn brain. Piglets, which naturally develop FGR, serve as an ideal animal model to study how perinatal insults affect brain structure and function without the need for surgical or chemical intervention. Findings from FGR piglet studies may provide critical information to develop neuroprotective interventions for newborn babies.
DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alison. L. White, Hazel A. Javier, Sarah Withey, Simon R. Biggs, Stephen Rose, Simon G. Puttick, Andrew K. Whittaker
Summary: Efficient encapsulation of small molecule active ingredients has been a challenge in various commercial applications. A new method using thin mineral shells to protect active ingredients was developed. The majority of the microcapsules formed a non-porous protective shell, with only the defective ones releasing small concentrations of the core material.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John Woodford, Ashley Gillman, Peter Jenvey, Jennie Roberts, Stephen Woolley, Bridget E. Barber, Melissa Fernandez, Stephen Rose, Paul Thomas, Nicholas M. Anstey, James S. McCarthy
Summary: Using 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, researchers observed marked lability in radiotracer uptake in the brains of individuals with early-stage Plasmodium falciparum infection, while uptake was relatively stable in individuals with P. vivax infection. These preliminary findings suggest early brain tropism differences between P. falciparum and P. vivax.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maxime Francois, Avinash Karpe, Jian-Wei Liu, David J. Beale, Maryam Hor, Jane Hecker, Jeff Faunt, John Maddison, Sally Johns, James D. Doecke, Stephen Rose, Wayne R. Leifert
Summary: The metabolomic and proteomic basis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not well understood. This study examined the plasma samples of individuals with MCI or AD, as well as age- and gender-matched cognitively normal individuals, to identify cellular pathways and biomarkers associated with the diseases. The analysis revealed specific proteins that distinguish AD from MCI and cognitively normal groups, and identified various metabolic pathways affected in AD. These findings contribute to the understanding of the diseases and may be useful for future clinical trials.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Grace T. T. Howard, Emmah Baque, Paul B. B. Colditz, Mark D. D. Chatfield, Robert S. S. Ware, Roslyn N. N. Boyd, Joanne M. M. George
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity of the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) performed early and at term-equivalent age (TEA) for 12-month motor outcomes in infants born very preterm. The results showed that early assessment with HNNE had stronger predictive ability for motor outcomes than TEA assessment, highlighting the value of performing HNNE earlier in the neonatal period. Performing HNNE earlier may assist risk stratification and planning of follow-up services.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Alex M. Pagnozzi, Liza van Eijk, Kerstin Pannek, Roslyn N. Boyd, Susmita Saha, Joanne George, Samudragupta Bora, DanaKai Bradford, Michael Fahey, Michael Ditchfield, Atul Malhotra, Helen Liley, Paul B. Colditz, Stephen Rose, Jurgen Fripp
Summary: Infants born very preterm face neurodevelopmental challenges and early identification through clinical assessment and MRI can enable targeted interventions. This study used a prospective cohort of preterm infants and identified early MRI biomarkers for neurodevelopmental outcomes using advanced imaging techniques. The results demonstrated the utility of MRI prior to term equivalent age for predicting outcomes and initiating early interventions.
Article
Pediatrics
Alex M. Pagnozzi, Kerstin Pannek, Jurgen Fripp, Simona Fiori, Roslyn N. Boyd, Stephen Rose
Summary: This study used a pathology-robust technique to extract quantitative structural information from brain MRI images and correlated it with motor, behavioral, visual, and communicative function in children with acquired brain injury. The results showed significant associations between brain structure and motor and cognitive function, as well as overall reductions in grey matter volume and cortical thinning in the ABI cohort. This suggests that MRI can estimate the long-term clinical prognosis of children with acquired brain injury.
PEDIATRICS AND NEONATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Olga Laporta-Hoyos, Kerstin Pannek, Alex M. Pagnozzi, Simona Fiori, Roslyn N. Boyd
Summary: This study explored the association between receptive vocabulary and white-matter microstructure in children with cerebral palsy. The results showed a significant association between receptive vocabulary scores and the white matter microstructure in the left temporal lobe. This study highlights the importance of interhemispheric connections for receptive vocabulary.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Catherine Morgan, Nadia Badawi, Roslyn N. Boyd, Alicia J. Spittle, Russell C. Dale, Adrienne Kirby, Rod W. Hunt, Koa Whittingham, Kerstin Pannek, Rachael L. Morton, William Tarnow-Mordi, Michael C. Fahey, Karen Walker, Kristina Prelog, Catherine Elliott, Jane Valentine, Andrea Guzzetta, Shannon Olivey, GAME Study Team, Iona Novak
Summary: This is a randomized controlled trial on early intervention for cerebral palsy (CP) children. The trial aims to investigate the efficacy of an early and sustained Goals-Activity-Motor Enrichment approach on improving motor and cognitive skills in infants with suspected or confirmed CP. The study requires 150 participants per group and the outcomes will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications, international conferences, and consumer websites.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Emily S. J. Paterson, Simon Scheck, Simon Mcdowell, Nicholas Bedford, Jane E. Girling, Claire E. Henry
Summary: This study retrospectively describes the laparoscopic surgeries conducted for suspected endometriosis at a hospital in New Zealand. The results show similar presentations and findings to international data, but also highlight areas requiring further research in the New Zealand context.
AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Developmental Biology
Hannah Musco, Kate Beecher, Kirat K. Chand, Paul B. Colditz, Julie A. Wixey
Summary: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants have increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Blood biomarkers may be a promising tool for early detection of brain injury risk in FGR and SGA neonates.
DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Simon M. Scheck, Bryndl Hohmann-Marriott, Gary Faughnan, Claire Henry
Summary: This study surveyed individuals in New Zealand with suspected or confirmed endometriosis to assess the use of mobile apps for symptom tracking. The results showed that almost half of the participants used mobile apps for symptom tracking, and almost all of them would consider using such apps. Around three in four patients would be willing to share this data with clinicians and researchers.
JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Simon M. Scheck, Claire Henry, Nick Bedford, Jason Abbott, Michael Wynn-Williams, Anusch Yazdani, Simon McDowell
Summary: A reliable non-invasive biomarker for endometriosis is likely to be available in the future, and clinicians need to be informed about commercially available tests and be prepared to guide and manage patients accordingly.
AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Madeline Romaniuk, Ying Xia, Gina Fisher, Kerstin Pannek, Jurgen Fripp, Justine Evans, Stephen Rose
Summary: This study compared grey matter volume and white matter microstructure among Australian combat veterans with and without a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD. The results showed significantly smaller grey matter volumes in the prefrontal cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and anterior insula in the PTSD group. In addition, negative correlations were found between PTSD symptom severity and fractional anisotropy values in specific white matter tracts. However, no connectome-based differences in white matter properties were observed.
MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2022)