Review
Chemistry, Organic
Chao Chen, Xiaodong Hu, Chunxi Wang, Wenxian Lan, Xiaoyu Wu, Chunyang Cao
Summary: HIV is a retrovirus that mainly targets immune cells and leads to AIDS. The emergence of antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV from a fatal illness to a manageable chronic condition, with recent anti-AIDS drugs focusing on mechanism elucidation and future direction.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ran Tao, Xiaorong Peng, Xiang Liu, Junwei Su, Guanjing Lang, Ying Huang, Yafei Zhang, Biao Zhu
Summary: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a common opportunistic infection in HIV patients. This study reports two cases of CM-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) treated with lenalidomide, which resulted in rapid clinical remission and improved cognitive function. The study also suggests that lenalidomide may improve cognitive function by regulating intracranial inflammation through multiple pathways, not just by TNF-α blocking.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Virology
Han Zhao, Rongqiu Liu, Yu Tao, Luca Bertero, Lizhi Feng, Bo Liu, Zhimin Chen, Jialong Guan, Baolin Liao, Linghua Li, Haolan He, Hua You
Summary: This study identified prognostic models for patients with AIDS-related diffuse large B cell lymphoma (AR-DLBCL) that provided better risk stratification compared to currently available prognostic tools. These novel prognostic models help address a clinically relevant unmet need.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Claudia Fabrizio, Giuseppe Bruno, Letizia Cristiano, Giovanni Battista Buccoliero
Summary: The World Health Organization declared monkeypox a global health emergency of concern due to its rapid spread. Most outbreaks involve young men who have sex with men, with mild symptoms. We present a case of an HIV positive young MSM whose compromised immune system contributed to a severe clinical course, requiring hospitalization and antiviral treatment.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chao Chen, Kui-Fang Du, Lian-Yong Xie, Tai-Yi Jiang, Wen-Jun Kong, Hong-Wei Dong, Chun-Gang Guo, Xiao-Na Li, Wen-Bin Wei
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the clinical features of ocular pathology in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) combined with syphilis. The results showed a high incidence of ocular pathology in these patients, with various ocular manifestations and possible multiple ocular changes.
ADVANCES IN THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jingjing Yang, Xiaoyan Zheng, Shuai Zhang, Hanwei Wang
Summary: This research examines the population characteristics and drug-resistant gene mutations of tuberculosis (TB) patients with HIV/AIDS dual infection. The study finds that TB patients aged 20-40 have the highest rate of HIV infection, and smear-negative TB patients have a higher rate of HIV infection than smear-positive TB patients. Men have higher rates of HIV infection than women, and married individuals have lower rates of HIV infection than single individuals. The rpoB gene has the highest mutation frequency among the resistance genes.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yanbin Liu, Wei Guo, Shicheng Gao, Mingqi Luo, Ke Liang
Summary: Hepatic tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of TB outside the lungs. The clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations are nonspecific, leading to misdiagnosis of hepatic TB with HIV infection. We present a case of hepatic TB with AIDS, which was initially misdiagnosed as a bacterial liver abscess even after needle biopsy. In subsequent treatment, pathogenic tests using washing solution of punctured liver tissue sample were found to be feasible, convenient, and specific for pathogenic diagnosis in resource-limited areas of China. In patients with HIV and liver abscess, the pathogens are more complex and uncommon pathogens such as TB and fungi should be considered. Pathogenic testing using washing solution of punctured liver tissue sample should be emphasized for hepatic TB without abscess formation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sei Samukawa, Ryusuke Yoshimi, Noriko Kojitani, Yuji Uzawa, Kaoru Takase-Minegishi, Yohei Kirino, Yutaro Soejima, Hideaki Kato, Hideaki Nakajima
Summary: This article reports two cases of cryptococcal meningitis with atypical clinical courses attributed to paradoxical inflammatory reactions.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Saiduo Liu, Wei Chen, Fang Cheng, Xinchun Ye, Ning Pan, Hongzhou Lu
Summary: The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of AIDS patients with Cryptococcus neoformans in Wenzhou, China were investigated. Patients with CM exhibited headache and fever as the most common clinical symptoms, while patients without CM presented respiratory symptoms and fever. The positive rate of cryptococcal capsular antigen, India ink staining, and culture in the cerebrospinal fluid examination were higher in CM patients compared to non-CM patients. The morbidity and mortality rate after systemic antifungal therapy were also higher in CM patients. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that headache was a risk factor affecting the patient's prognosis at 12 weeks.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Haoming Xu, Zhitao Ou, Yongjian Zhou, Yingfei Li, Hongli Huang, Hailan Zhao, Jing Xu, Meijuan Luo, Youlian Zhou, Yuqiang Nie
Summary: The study found that HIV-infected individuals have decreased gut microbial diversity, decreased levels of Firmicutes, and increased levels of Proteobacteria, with certain bacterial alterations associated with HIV infection. The alterations of gut microbiota were also shown to be related to the route of HIV transmission.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Teresa Tseng, Amy Seagroves, Veeraya K. K. Tanawattanacharoen, Mark C. C. Liang, Christina M. M. Koppin, Madison Keenan, Elana Davidowitz, Eugene Nguyen, Sanjay Chand, Mitchell E. E. Geffner, Todd P. P. Chang, Mimi S. S. Kim
Summary: Infants and toddlers with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at high risk for acute illness and hospitalizations, and often do not receive adequate stress dosing before the emergency department (ED). This study found that CAH children had significantly higher rates of ED visits, especially those under 6 months old. Only 50% of illness-related ED visits were preceded by stress dosing, and electrolyte abnormalities and administration of parenteral hydrocortisone in the ED significantly predicted hospital admission.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Aunonna Kabir, Reza Alizadehfar, Christos M. Tsoukas
Summary: The pathophysiology of Good's syndrome (GS) has remained a mystery for seven decades. Recent research has identified distinguishing aspects between GS and Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID), highlighting fundamental differences in their underlying mechanisms. However, the understanding of GS is limited due to incomplete and inconsistent reporting of clinical and laboratory data. To resolve controversies and fill knowledge gaps, further investigations are needed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Eleonora Aronica, Nicola Specchio, Mark J. Luinenburg, Paolo Curatolo
Summary: Epileptogenesis in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a gradual and dynamic process, and several mechanisms, including mTOR dysregulation and GABAergic dysfunction, contribute to this process. Antiseizure medications and drugs targeting the mTOR pathway have been effective in treating TSC-associated epilepsy. Early administration of GABAergic drug vigabatrin delays seizure onset, while mTOR inhibitor everolimus reduces seizure frequency. Further trials are needed to optimize the use of everolimus and evaluate other potential antiseizure drugs. Understanding the complex mechanisms of TSC-related epileptogenesis is crucial for prevention and treatment.
Article
Oncology
Hans Christian Wulf, Ida M. Heerfordt
Summary: Before the era of antiretroviral therapy, low-dose radiotherapy was found to be effective in treating AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, particularly in achieving a high success rate for skin KS.
ANTICANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaoyun Tu, Aihua Deng, C. Sun, Yang Liu, Yu Chen, Y. Xiong
Summary: We investigated the expression and significance of Epstein-Barr virus-latent membrane protein 1 in human immunodeficiency virus-related diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. The overall positive rate of Epstein-Barr virus-latent membrane protein 1 was 77.3% and its expression was correlated with the immunophenotype of the lymphomas, suggesting it may be a potential prognostic marker.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
