Journal
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
Volume 30, Issue 1-3, Pages 300-309Publisher
DESALINATION PUBL
DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2011.2178
Keywords
Endocrine disrupting compounds; Sonochemical degradation; Water treatment; Bisphenol A; 17 beta-Estradiol; 17 alpha-Ethinyl estradiol
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Funding
- Korea Ministry of Environment [02-141-081-021]
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This study examined the relative degradation of commonly known endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) in single-component aqueous solution using 28, 580, and 1,000 kHz ultrasonic reactors. The degradation of EDCs follows a pseudo-first order rate kinetics; the order of degradation is EE2 >= BPA > E2. At different frequencies, the degradation of these compounds follows the order 580 kHz (92-97%) > 1,000 kHz (90-94%) > 28 kHz (62-67%) at an initial concentration of 1 mu M of each compound with a contact time of 30 min. Additional experiments were performed to determine the effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, H-center dot scavenger) and tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH, HO center dot scavenger) on BPA, E2, and EE2 degradation at 580 kHz with a reaction time of 30 min. The addition of t-BuOH slightly decreased the rate of BPA degradation as follows: no addition (97%), 0.01 mM (96%), and 0.1 mM (95%). At high t-BuOH concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mM, the degree of degradation was significantly decreased; that is, the degradation decreased to 90%, 33%, and 20%, respectively. However, in the presence of CCl4, the BPA degradation increased as follows: no addition (97%), 0.01/0.1 mM (98%), 1 mM (99.7%), and 10 mM (99.8%).
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