Article
Energy & Fuels
Khantong Soontarapa, Rossarin Ampairojanawong, Thapanut Palakul
Summary: Biodiesel was synthesized from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using a 2-litres chitosan membrane reactor. The esterification reaction was carried out at a PFAD to methanol ratio of 1:15, 2.0 wt% H2SO4, and a methanol feed rate of 20 ml/min for 120 min, resulting in a methyl ester content of 85.9 +/- 0.1 wt%. The transesterification reaction was conducted at a PFAD to methanol ratio of 1:6, 1.0 wt% NaOH, and a methanol feed rate of 20 ml/min for 60 min, resulting in a methyl ester yield of 97.9 +/- 0.0 wt%.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Maira Alejandra Maquirriain, Claudia A. Neyertz, Carlos Alberto Querini, Maria Laura Pisarello
Summary: This work investigates the process of removing saponifiable matter from industrial crude glycerine samples, finding that the addition of water is necessary for efficient impurity removal and the choice of extraction solvent as well as operational conditions are crucial factors. UV-Vis analysis is useful for tracking the purification process, while FTIR lacks sensitivity for monitoring the extraction directly on the glycerine sample.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Grzegorz Borowka, Grzegorz Semerjak, Wojciech Krasodomski, Jan Lubowicz
Summary: Glycerine is a polyol derived from triglycerides during biodiesel production. It is extensively used in various industries and has potential as a renewable raw material. Technologies for converting glycerol to other chemicals have been developed, and ion exchange resins can be used to remove impurities from distilled glycerine.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
K. Tajziehchi, S. M. Sadrameli
Summary: The membrane purification technique using commercial PVDF membrane for ultrafiltration of crude biodiesel showed successful reduction of impurities like free glycerol, diglyceride, and triglyceride. Response surface methodology was applied to study the impact of process variables on biodiesel purification for achieving high purified biodiesel.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mabkhoot Alsaiari, Rozina, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Shazia Sultana, Moustafa A. Rizk, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Almohana, Zubair Ahmad, Raiedhah A. Alsaiari, Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
Summary: Membrane technology was used to increase the yield of biodiesel from Saussurea heteromalla seed oil. Zirconium oxide nanoparticles generated with an aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea leaf were used as catalyst in the transesterification process. The purity of the nanoparticles and the successful production of biodiesel were confirmed through catalyst characterization and analysis of the biodiesel sample. The nanoparticles were found to be reusable and the biodiesel met the international standards.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Martin Gojun, Anita Salic, Bruno Zelic
Summary: Competition among renewable energy sources is rapidly growing in the market, with an integrated biodiesel production process combining lipase-catalyzed transesterification and product purification in microreactors and micro-separators showing promising results.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Valentina Cechetto, Luca Di Felice, Rocio Gutierrez Martinez, Alba Arratibel Plazaola, Fausto Gallucci
Summary: This work presents two alternatives for increasing the purity of hydrogen produced in a membrane reactor. The experimental results demonstrate that ultra-pure hydrogen can be produced by either increasing the thickness of the membrane selective layer or using a small purification unit in the permeate of the membranes. Additionally, the use of an adsorption bed downstream the membrane reactor is a cheaper solution that can achieve ultra-pure hydrogen with higher reactor pressures, lower temperatures, and thinner membranes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Manizheh Khanian-Najaf-Abadi, Barat Ghobadian, Masoud Dehghani-Soufi, Akbar Heydari
Summary: This research focuses on optimizing the reaction conditions of waste cooking oil for biodiesel production with choline hydroxide as catalyst using a lab-scale ultrasonic reactor. The study investigates the effects of reaction time, catalyst amount, and ultrasonic amplitude on biodiesel yield and color parameters. The results indicate that increasing the catalyst amount and ultrasonic amplitude can reduce pigment levels in the biodiesel and improve its yield and color quality.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Saman Hanif, Mabkhoot Alsaiari, Mushtaq Ahmad, Shazia Sultana, Muhammad Zafar, Rozina, Farid A. Harraz, Abdulrahman Faraj Alharbi, Abdulaziz A. M. Abahussain, Zubair Ahmad
Summary: Membrane technology is an environmentally friendly and efficient method for biodiesel synthesis. In this study, it was used to synthesize biodiesel from Toona ciliata seed oil, which has a high oil content. Green synthesized barium oxide nanoparticles were employed as a catalyst for one-step transesterification. Quantitative analysis of the synthesized biodiesel confirmed its compliance with international standards.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sawaira, Mabkhoot Alsaiari, Mushtaq Ahmad, Mamoona Munir, Muhammad Zafar, Shazia Sultana, Sumreen Dawood, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Almohana, M. H. Al-Marzouki Hassan, Abdulrahman Faraj Alharbi, Zubair Ahmad
Summary: A novel green bismuth oxide nanocatalyst derived from plant extract was synthesized and applied for sustainable biofuel synthesis from Cannabis sativa seed oil. The synthesized biodiesel showed comparable fuel properties with internationally set parameters.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nevardo Bello Yaya, Alberto Claudio Habert, Frederico de Araujo Kronemberger
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a reactive extraction process for biodiesel production using a polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor reactor. The results showed that a countercurrent configuration allowed for simultaneous transesterification and glycerol separation stages, with the best results achieved at a methanol/oil molar ratio of 4:1 and an oil flow rate of 0.4 L/h, resulting in high conversion and yield of the biodiesel product.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maira Alejandra Maquirriain, Lucas Gabriel Tonutti, Carlos Alberto Querini, Maria Laura Pisarello
Summary: Crude glycerine is a product obtained in biodiesel production process, consisting of glycerine, water, salts, and non-glycerol organic matter. Due to variations in production processes, the composition of crude glycerine varies, making subsequent processing challenging. This study presents a method for quantifying impurities in crude glycerine and determines the confidence intervals for each impurity.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tang Shu Hui, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
Summary: Calgon Filtrasorb activated carbon (SAC) from glycerine deodorization unit showed high adsorption capacity and surface area for the removal of methylene blue, indicating its potential for reuse as an adsorbent for dye removal.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gibum Kwon, Ethan R. Post, Arun K. Kota, Chao Li, David L. Speer, Andrew J. Guenthner, Josiah T. Reams, Kevin R. Lamison, Joseph M. Mabry, Anish Tuteja
Summary: Traditional liquid-liquid separation operations often involve high energy consumption and have a large environmental impact. Therefore, it is necessary to develop sustainable and clean separation methods. The CLEANS methodology integrates emulsion-enhanced extraction with continuous, gravity-driven, membrane-based separation of emulsions into a single unit operation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Seonki Lee, Coralie Risold, Nicola Landolt, Selina Hube, Michael Burkhardt, Bing Wu, Tzyy Haur Chong
Summary: Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration is a promising approach for decentralized wastewater treatment due to its low energy consumption. However, there is limited information on the design factors of GDM reactors. In this study, the impacts of membrane aeration, types of membrane modules, and biocarrier deposition on water quality and membrane performance were investigated. The results showed that the location of the membrane air diffuser and the type of membrane module have significant effects on the removal efficiencies of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Furthermore, the deposition of GAC particles on the membrane surface could improve the permeate water quality, but it also increased the fouling resistance.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Arvin Sohrabi, Mousa Meratizaman, Shuli Liu
Summary: This paper simulates and discusses possible solutions to improve the economic and technical performances of a battery-less renewable energy-powered BWRO system under real climate conditions. The study finds that the photovoltaic-based system performs better in terms of specific energy consumption and unused energy ratio.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chunlan Pan, Xiaoyin Hu, Vishal Goyal, Theyab R. Alsenani, Salem Alkhalaf, Tamim Alkhalifah, Fahad Alturise, Hamad Almujibah, H. Elhosiny Ali
Summary: This paper introduces a novel waste heat recovery method using the hot flue gas from a ship's engine to produce liquefied hydrogen while meeting the ship's air-conditioning requirement. A comprehensive feasibility assessment is conducted and an artificial neural network with a multiobjective grey wolf optimization method is used for optimization. The findings indicate the highest mean sensitivity index of the flash temperature and the best optimization scenario for exergy efficiency, CO2 emission reduction, and liquefied hydrogen cost.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Daniele Chinello, Jan Post, Louis C. P. M. de Smet
Summary: In this study, PVDF-based anion-exchange membranes were designed to selectively separate nitrate from chloride. Experimental data showed that increasing the concentration of PVDF enhanced nitrate transport but also increased the membrane electrical resistance. The selectivity of nitrate was found to be independent of the membrane thickness and mainly driven by the increased affinity between the anion and the membrane.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Umar Noor, Muhammad Fayyaz Farid, Ammara Sharif, Amna Saleem, Zubair Nabi, Muhammad Furqan Mughal, Kiran Abbas, Toheed Ahmed
Summary: Global water scarcity is increasing, and water desalination is an important solution. Multifunctional advanced materials, such as membrane materials and solar-driven desalination, play a crucial role in water desalination. Additionally, these materials can be used for water purification, wastewater treatment, and pollutant elimination.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Emrah Gumus
Summary: With growing global concerns about climate change and environmental impacts, the use of nuclear energy in naval vessels offers a cleaner and more efficient solution to reduce emissions and address water and energy supply challenges. This study explores a novel system that combines a nuclear-driven supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle with reverse osmosis cogeneration to meet the water and electricity demands in maritime operations, enhancing the sustainability, efficiency, and self-sufficiency of naval vessels. The results indicate that the system has the potential to be a viable and effective solution for naval operations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dao Thi Thanh Huyen, Saikat Sinha Ray, Young -Nam Kwon
Summary: This study focuses on the modification of a commercially available polyamide thin-film composite membrane with a zwitterionic material to enhance its fouling resistance. The modified membrane shows improved salt rejection and reduced permeability compared to the pristine membrane. Fouling tests demonstrate that the modified membrane has a lower fouling ratio and higher recovery ratio. The enhanced antifouling characteristics are attributed to the improved hydrophilicity resulting from the zwitterionic brushes and the salting-in effect.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Niklas Koeller, Lukas Mankertz, Selina Finger, Christian J. Linnartz, Matthias Wessling
Summary: This study presents a methodology to scale up Flow-electrode Capacitive Deionization (FCDI) technology from lab-scale to pilot-scale systems. By increasing membrane area and using a stacking approach, the FCDI modules were successfully scaled up and achieved a salt transfer rate comparable to lab-scale systems. This provides a foundation for future assessments of energy demand and economics.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mona Gulied, Sifani Zavahir, Tasneem Elmakki, Hyunwoong Park, Guillermo Hijos Gago, Ho Kyong Shon, Dong Suk Han
Summary: This study introduces a novel hybrid system that combines direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and electrically switched ion exchange (ESIX) to facilitate seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) brine enrichment and selective lithium recovery.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhiqiang Zhang, Ruifeng Deng, Jiao Zhang, Lu She, Guangfeng Wei, Renyong Jia, Pengyu Xiang, Siqing Xia
Summary: A transmembrane electro-chemisorption system with authigenic acid and base was developed for enhancing ammonia recovery from strong ammonia wastewater. The system efficiently transformed ammonium into free ammonia, which was then adsorbed and recovered through transmembrane chemisorption. This system yielded pure (NH4)2SO4 product and produced valuable byproducts of pure hydrogen and oxygen. Higher applied voltage resulted in better ammonia recovery.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alena Popova, Sandrine Boivin, Takuji Shintani, Takahiro Fujioka
Summary: This study aimed to produce a high-integrity RO membrane by forming a polyamide skin layer on a TE support layer, in order to enhance the integrity of the membrane and improve the microbiological safety of potable water reuse.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sanjana Yagnambhatt, Saber Khanmohammadi, Jonathan Maisonneuve
Summary: This study investigates the concept of using heat to enhance reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. The effect of temperature on water permeate flux, specific energy, permeate quality, and applied operating pressures is evaluated using an analytical model. The results suggest that under specific conditions, the tradeoff between savings in mechanical pump work and thermal energy input in thermally-enhanced RO can be favorable, leading to overall energy savings.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jiangju Si, Chenrui Xue, Shun Li, Linchao Yang, Weiwei Li, Jie Yang, Jihong Lan, Ningbo Sun
Summary: To meet the huge demand for lithium resources, there is an urgent need to develop a new efficient technology for lithium recovery from salt-lake brines. In this study, a selective membrane capacitive deionization system is reported, which achieves high lithium recovery capacity and rate through the use of materials with efficient intercalated pseudo-capacitance and a high specific area porous carbon. The use of a modified thin-coated membrane allows for selective Li+ recovery, and adjusting the concentrations of Li+ and Mg2+ in the feed solution enables higher Li+/Mg2+ selectivity.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohamed R. Salem, R. Y. Sakr, Ghazy M. R. Assassa, Omar A. Aly
Summary: This research proposes a new method of using wasted thermal energies as an additional heating source for solar still distillation units (SSDUs) to increase productivity and reduce pollution and global warming. By testing two SSDUs, the study shows that heating airflow can raise temperatures, enhance freshwater production, and improve system thermal efficiency.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qimeng Sun, Miao Sun, Linyan Yang, Yuan Gao, Xinghai Zhou, Lihua Lyu, Chunyan Wei
Summary: This study presents an innovative design and fabrication of a fabric-based conical roll (FCR) evaporator, which enables low-temperature evaporation and achieves high evaporation efficiency with excellent thermal management ability. The evaporator has demonstrated advanced light-harvesting capability and can produce freshwater that meets drinking water standards, showing great potential for applications in desalination and sewage treatment.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yidong Zhang, Wangfang Deng, Meiyan Wu, Chao Liu, Guang Yu, Qiu Cui, Pedram Fatehi, Chunlin Xu, Bin Li
Summary: In this study, a novel polydopamine-functionalized lignin-containing pulp foam evaporator with high-efficiency desalination and multi-contaminant adsorption capabilities was designed. The foam evaporator showed excellent light absorption, water absorption, thermal conductivity, and chelation abilities, allowing for solar evaporation and contaminant adsorption synergistically. It also exhibited potential applications in metal ion concentration and contaminated seawater treatments, and demonstrated superior biodegradability compared to poly-styrene foam. This foam material holds promise for developing multifunctional photo-thermal systems for solar-driven water purification.