Article
Horticulture
Marta Joanna Monder, Przemyslaw Babelewski, Stefan Soltan
Summary: Budding is the most commonly used method for propagating rose cultivars, especially in temperate and cooler climate regions. Differences in anatomical and histological structure are the main causes of failures in achieving adhesion during budding. This study examined the root neck anatomy of five commonly used rose rootstocks and found significant differences in tissue elements such as earlywood, latewood, pith rays, phloem, vessels, and cambium layer. The arrangement of sclerenchyma and phloem fibers also varied among the studied taxa. These anatomical differences may lead to different responses to budding and the initiation of adhesion processes.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jie Wang, Hao Jia, Geoffrey Daniel, Jie Gao, Xiaomei Jiang, Lingyu Ma, Shuhua Yue, Juan Guo, Yafang Yin
Summary: An improved understanding of the events involved in cell wall polymers deposition during xylem development could provide new scientific ways for molecular regulation and biomass utilization. Axial and radial cells show spatial heterogeneity and highly cross-correlated developmental behavior during xylem differentiation. The deposition of corresponding cell wall polymers in these cell types was found to occur asynchronously, with different patterns and content of polymer accumulation.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Max Bush, Vishmita Sethi, Robert Sablowski
Summary: The plant vasculature plays crucial roles in water and nutrient transport. Pectins, key components of cell walls, are modified during cell growth and differentiation. This study reveals the importance of the pectin lyase-like gene PLL12 in the growth of vascular bundles in Arabidopsis.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yao Wang, Yi Hao, Yakun Guo, Huixia Shou, Juan Du
Summary: This study investigates the regulatory mechanisms of brassinosteroids (BRs) in secondary vascular cambium activity in poplar trees. The results demonstrate that elevated endogenous castasterone levels enhance cambium meristem cell activity and xylem differentiation, promoting secondary stem growth.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Biyun Yu, Xuebin Li, Ping Zhao, Jianguo Huang
Summary: This study investigated the intra-annual dynamics of xylem and phloem formation of Picea crassifolia at two latitudes of arid and semi-arid forests in China. The results showed variations in xylem and phloem formation at different latitudes, with different trade-offs observed between them at different sites, highlighting the plasticity of xylem and phloem formation under changing environmental conditions.
Article
Forestry
Elzbieta Myskow, Katarzyna Sokolowska, Aleksandra Slupianek, Vladimir Gryc
Summary: The presence of leaf miner infestation on Aesculus hippocastanum trees affects cambial activity and differentiation of conductive tissues, leading to changes in wood structure and narrower annual growth rings. These changes result in reduced cambial divisions, earlier cessation of wood differentiation, and altered wood structure with more vessels of smaller diameters in infested trees. However, the infestation does not influence secondary phloem differentiation or theoretical hydraulic conductivity.
Article
Forestry
Pawel Kojs, Adam Miodek, Aldona Paulina Miodek, Wieslaw Wloch
Summary: The vascular cambium plays a crucial role in the secondary growth of trees. The hypothesis suggests that the radial growth can be understood as an adaptation to cyclic mechanical stress generated by the phloem. Transpiration is highlighted as a major factor influencing the secondary growth. The hypothesis also explains the formation of wood patterns and the regulation of processes in the vascular cambium.
Article
Plant Sciences
Marta Joanna Monder, Przemyslaw Babelewski, Jakub Szperlik, Agnieszka Koscielak
Summary: The aim of this study was to define and distinguish the developmental stages of Heptacodium miconioides in the temperate zone, as well as to identify the anatomical changes in the stem during autumn in relation to phenological phases and climatic conditions. The research suggests that Heptacodium has the potential to adapt to temperate climatic conditions.
Article
Ecology
Zhuangpeng Zheng, Feifei Zhou, Patrick Fonti, Ping Ren, Xiaoxia Li, Guofang Miao, Zhipeng Dong, Keyan Fang
Summary: Monitoring cambial activity in subtropical evergreen forests provides insights into the mechanisms behind xylem growth responses to climate change, aiding tree-ring-based climate reconstructions. Research on Cryptomeria fortunei and Cunninghamia lanceolata revealed that these subtropical conifers have longer vegetation periods compared to temperate and boreal forests, with growth patterns influenced by summer drought and yearly stress. These findings offer specific information on tree growth and the cellular-level impacts of climate in subtropical regions.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Emma K. Turley, J. Peter Etchells
Summary: The development of secondary vascular tissue enhances the transport capacity and mechanical strength of plant bodies, contributing significantly to the world's biomass in the form of wood. The cambium, as the vascular meristem, is a unique stem cell population arising post-germination and exhibiting bifacial differentiation of xylem and phloem. Recent research in Arabidopsis thaliana has shed light on the molecular mechanisms regulating cambium initiation, patterning, and maintenance.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Angelica Quintanar-Castillo, Marcelo R. Pace
Summary: Phloem wedges, an important anatomical feature in Malpighiaceae, have appeared multiple times in lianas and contributed to the anatomical diversification of the family. Through comprehensive analysis, two different ontogenetic trajectories were identified, explaining the origins of phloem wedges in this plant family. These wedges have favored the evolution of more complex cambial variants in some lineages.
Article
Plant Sciences
Mehdi Ben-Targem, Dagmar Ripper, Martin Bayer, Laura Ragni
Summary: In the process of plant secondary growth, the interaction between gibberellins and auxins plays a pivotal role. In Arabidopsis, DELLAs promote xylem expansion by inducing cambium senescence, while ARF6 and ARF8 repress phloem proliferation and induce cambium senescence during the xylem expansion phase. This hormone cross-talk between GA and auxin is essential for regulating plant secondary growth.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Wangzun Chen, Libing He, Shiyi Tian, Joseph Masabni, Huan Xiong, Feng Zou, Deyi Yuan
Summary: Different cutting periods and mediums greatly influence the rooting rate of Chinquapin. May cuttings with krasnozem medium is the best combination for rooting success. Histological evidence and anatomical structures can help to assess rooting success.
JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jinsu Lee, Hyemin Kim, Sin-Gi Park, Hyeona Hwang, Seung-il Yoo, Wonsil Bae, Eunhui Kim, Jaehoon Kim, Hwa-Yong Lee, Tae-Young Heo, Kwon Kyoo Kang, Yuree Lee, Chang Pyo Hong, Hyunwoo Cho, Hojin Ryu
Summary: The BR-SlBZR1/2-WAT1 signaling network in vascular cambium contributes to high levels of auxin signaling, promoting wood differentiation and formation.
Article
Forestry
Jozica Gricar, Katarina Cufar, Klemen Eler, Vladimir Gryc, Hanus Vavrcik, Martin de Luis, Peter Prislan
Summary: Climate change will impact trees' radial growth patterns, which in turn affects forest productivity, wood properties, and timber quality. Research on phenology of earlywood, latewood, and phloem formation in Norway spruce revealed varying transition dates and durations between growth seasons and sites, with implications on understanding the inter-annual variability of phenological events in spruce.
Article
Polymer Science
Sara Bergamasco, Swati Tamantini, Florian Zikeli, Vittorio Vinciguerra, Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza, Manuela Romagnoli
Summary: Three different formulations of bio-based polyurethane coatings were synthesized, with varying weight ratios between Organosolv lignin and a commercial isocyanate. The successful formation of urethane bonds was confirmed through various characterization techniques, and the coatings were evaluated for their color, contact angles, and chemical bond distribution using FTIR mapping.
Article
Forestry
Luka Krajnc, Peter Prislan, Gregor Bozic, Marjana Westergren, Domen Arnic, Csaba Matyas, Jozica Gricar, Hojka Kraigher
Summary: Provenance trials of European beech were conducted in various environments, showing differences in radial growth and wood density among different provenances. Some provenances exhibited faster growth in favorable weather conditions, while overall differences in wood density were found to be relatively small. The Idrija provenance from Slovenia likely has higher wood density compared to other studied provenances.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Jozica Gricar, Peter Prislan
Summary: Quantitative phloem anatomy is important in dendroecological studies. Phloem traits can indicate tree performance in different environments. Seasonal variations affect phloem width and structure, and sampling time is crucial.
Article
Plant Sciences
Shan Li, Xin Li, Yafang Yin, Xiaomei Jiang, Jingming Zheng, Li Wang, Zhicheng Chen, Peter Prislan
Summary: The study found that phloem sieve cells of G. biloba undergo obvious seasonal structural changes depending on their ages, in accordance with their seasonal conducting functions in these deciduous trees. Youngest phloem parenchyma cells also showed seasonal structural variation with regards to cytoplasm density and frequency of lipid droplets.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Isabel Dorado-Linan, Blanca Ayarzaguena, Flurin Babst, Guobao Xu, Luis Gil, Giovanna Battipaglia, Allan Buras, Vojtech Cada, J. Julio Camarero, Liam Cavin, Hugues Claessens, Igor Drobyshev, Balazs Garamszegi, Michael Grabner, Andrew Hacket-Pain, Claudia Hartl, Andrea Hevia, Pavel Janda, Alistair S. Jump, Marko Kazimirovic, Srdjan Keren, Juergen Kreyling, Alexander Land, Nicolas Latte, Tom Levanic, Ernst van der Maaten, Marieke Van der Maaten-Theunissen, Elisabet Martinez-Sancho, Annette Menzel, Martin Mikolas, Renzo Motta, Lena Muffler, Paola Nola, Momchil Panayotov, Any Mary Petritan, Ion Catalin Petritan, Ionel Popa, Peter Prislan, Catalin-Constantin Roibu, Milos Rydval, Raul Sanchez-Salguero, Tobias Scharnweber, Branko Stajic, Miroslav Svoboda, Willy Tegel, Marius Teodosiu, Elvin Toromani, Volodymyr Trotsiuk, Daniel-Ond Turcu, Robert Weigel, Martin Wilmking, Christian Zang, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Valerie Trouet
Summary: The study reveals that extreme changes in the summer jet stream position in Europe create a dipole in beech forest productivity between northwestern and southeastern Europe, resulting in regional anomalies in forest carbon uptake and growth.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Tanja Mrak, Benjamin Grasic, Peter Prislan, Jozica Gricar, Ziga Laznik, Grega E. Voglar
Summary: The study investigated the effects of soil contamination and root herbivory on root surface area and stem anatomical properties in young common beech plants. The results showed that soil contamination significantly reduced root surface area, mean ring width, vessel radial diameter, and potential stem conductivity. However, it increased vessel density, vessel grouping index, and mean group size of grouped cells. Late exposure to root herbivory did not induce significant changes in root surface area or stem anatomy.
ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jian-Guo Huang, Yaling Zhang, Minhuang Wang, Xiaohan Yu, Annie Deslauriers, Patrick Fonti, Eryuan Liang, Harri Makinen, Walter Oberhuber, Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber, Roberto Tognetti, Vaclav Treml, Bao Yang, Lihong Zhai, Jiao-Lin Zhang, Serena Antonucci, Yves Bergeron, Jesus Julio Camarero, Filipe Campelo, Katarina Cufar, Henri E. Cuny, Martin De Luis, Marek Fajstavr, Alessio Giovannelli, Jozica Gricar, Andreas Gruber, Vladimir Gryc, Aylin Gueney, Tuula Jyske, Jakub Kaspar, Gregory King, Cornelia Krause, Audrey Lemay, Feng Liu, Fabio Lombardi, Edurne Martinez del Castillo, Hubert Morin, Cristina Nabais, Pekka Nojd, Richard L. Peters, Peter Prislan, Antonio Saracino, Vladimir V. Shishov, Irene Swidrak, Hanus Vavrcik, Joana Vieira, Qiao Zeng, Yu Liu, Sergio Rossi
Summary: Despite ongoing debates, evidence suggests the existence of a threshold temperature for forests' response to rising temperatures, separating conifers into cold and warm thermal niches. This study collected data on xylem cell-wall-thickening onset dates in 20 coniferous species across the Northern Hemisphere and identified a threshold temperature of 4.9 +/- 1.1 degrees C, above which the response of xylem phenology to temperature decline significantly. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating this thermal threshold into Earth-System-Models to better understand and predict spring phenology in response to global warming.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Swati Tamantini, Sara Bergamasco, Florian Zikeli, Miha Humar, Massimo Cavalera, Manuela Romagnoli
Summary: The aim of this study was to reduce the use of fossil-based compounds in a commercial waterborne acrylic coating by adding cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and to evaluate its performance. The results showed that the addition of CNC improved the fungal resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating, but had some impact on adhesion and appearance.
Article
Plant Sciences
Welmoed A. Out, Kirsti Hanninen, Maks Merela, Anton Veluscek, Caroline Vermeeren, Katarina Cufar
Summary: This study examines the use of woodland resources in the wetland basin of Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia, from 3700-2400 BCE, using age/diameter analysis of waterlogged wood from Eneolithic pile dwellings. The results indicate selective use of oak and ash, but no clear evidence of woodland management practices. The findings contribute to the ongoing discussions about woodland management in Europe.
Article
Polymer Science
Florian Zikeli, Anna Maria Vettraino, Margherita Biscontri, Sara Bergamasco, Cleofe Palocci, Miha Humar, Manuela Romagnoli
Summary: Lignin nanoparticles containing essential oils from thyme species were tested as biocides against white-rot and brown-rot fungi. The essential oils showed lower minimum inhibitory concentrations against brown-rot fungi and similar concentrations against white-rot fungi compared to free essential oils. Optimization of lignin nanoparticles as essential oils delivery vehicles is required for their efficacy against white-rot fungi.
Article
Agronomy
Lea Veuillen, Bernard Prevosto, Raquel Alfaro-Sanchez, Vincent Badeau, Giovanna Battipaglia, Santiago Begueria, Felipe Bravo, Thomas Boivin, J. Julio Camarero, Katarina Cufar, Hendrik Davi, Martin De Luis, Antonio Del Campo, Miren Del Rio, Alfredo Di Filippo, Michael Dorman, Marion Durand-Gillmann, Juan Pedro Ferrio, Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo, Maria Gonzalez-Sanchis, Elena Granda, Frederic Guibal, Emilia Gutierrez, Manon Helluy, Ali El Khorchani, Tamir Klein, Joseph Levillain, Juan Carlos Linares, Angela Manrique-Alba, Jordi Martinez Vilalta, Antonio J. Molina, Cristina Moreno-Gutierrez, Antoine Nicault, Jorge Olivar, Andreas Papadopoulos, Avi Perevolotsky, Cyrille Rathgeber, Montse Ribas, Francesco Ripullone, Irene Ruano, Francois-Xavier Saintonge, Raul Sanchez-Salguero, Dimitrios Sarris, Xavier Serra-Maluquer, Tal Svoray, Clara Tallieu, Teresa Valor, Michel Vennetier, Jordi Voltas, Maxime Cailleret
Summary: Severe droughts have a significant impact on tree growth and forest productivity globally, and this impact is expected to worsen in the coming decades. However, the specific effects of drought intensity and climatic conditions in countries across the Mediterranean basin are still uncertain.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Skrk Dolar, Edurne Martinez del Castillo, Roberto Serrano-Notivoli, Martin de Luis Arrillaga, Klemen Novak, Maks Merela, Katarina Cufar
Summary: The declining growth trends of European beech in Slovenia pose a major challenge due to its ecological and economic importance. This study examined the effects of climate change on beech forests in Slovenia and found that average growth decline occurred between different time periods, with warm marginal areas being more affected and cold marginal areas showing increased growth potential. These findings highlight the importance of considering the variability of climate and geographical factors when assessing the impact of climate change on beech populations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
G. Battipaglia, J. P. Kabala, A. Pacheco-Solana, F. Niccoli, A. Braeuning, F. Campelo, K. Cufar, M. de Luis, V. De Micco, M. Klisz, M. Koprowski, I. Garcia-Gonzalez, C. Nabais, J. Vieira, P. Wrzesinski, N. Zafirov, P. Cherubini
Summary: By analyzing a large tree-ring database of 11 species from 89 sites across eight European countries, it was found that climate variations drive the formation of Intra-Annual Density Fluctuations (IADFs). The study suggests that the occurrence of IADFs is nonlinearly related to ring width in gymnosperms and angiosperms, and decreases with altitude and age. Additionally, higher temperatures and precipitation play significant roles in the formation of IADFs, particularly in species with drought tolerance capability and bimodal growth patterns.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Giancarlo Sidoti, Federica Antonelli, Giulia Galotta, Maria Cristina Moscatelli, Davor Krzisnik, Vittorio Vinciguerra, Swati Tamantini, Rosita Marabottini, Natalia Macro, Manuela Romagnoli
Summary: In this study, the mineral content in waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) and its relationship with surrounding volcanic lake sediments were investigated. Calcium was found to be the most abundant element in all wood samples, with higher concentrations in heartwood. Arsenic was also present in both wood and sediment samples, indicating a possible connection to volcanic origin and biogeochemical processes.