GM-CSF accelerates proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells from murine bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro

Objective: To test whether the GM-CSF accelerates the proliferation of bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (BM EPCs). Methods: BM EPCs were induced by endothelial cell conditioned medium (EC-CM). The effect of different concentrations of GM-CSF on the proliferation of BM EPCs was evaluated by the formation of EC-cols, MTT assay, and cell cycle assay. The single progenitor cell growth curves were quantified. Results: The data indicated that GM-CSF accelerated the proliferation of BM EPCs both in colony numbers and colony size. MTT confirmed the effect of GM-CSF on accelerating the proliferation of BM EPCs. The single colony experiments showed that EC-cols expressed different proliferation capacity, suggesting that the EC-cols with different proliferation potentials might have been derived from different levels of immature progenitors. The cell cycle assay showed that the rate of cells entering into S phase was 9.3% in the group treated with GM-CSF and 2.1% in the controls. Furthermore, these cells displayed the specific endothelial cell markers and formed capillary-like structures. Conclusions: GM-CSF accelerates proliferation of BM EPCs. The potential beneficial of GM-CSF in the application of treating vascular ischemic patients is promising. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.