Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vera J. M. Nies, Dicky Struik, Sihao Liu, Weilin Liu, Janine K. Kruit, Michael Downes, Tim van Zutphen, Henkjan J. Verkade, Ronald M. Evans, Johan W. Jonker
Summary: This study found that FGF1 can increase glucose uptake in adipocytes by activating GLUT4 protein. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to FGF1 can stimulate adipocyte glucose uptake by transcription of GLUT1 protein.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lynette J. J. Oost, Steef Kurstjens, Chao Ma, Joost G. J. Hoenderop, Cees J. J. Tack, Jeroen H. F. de Baaij
Summary: Low levels of Mg2+ are associated with insulin resistance in people with T2D. In Mg2+-deficient adipocytes, insulin-dependent glucose uptake is decreased. Mg2+ deficiency may contribute to insulin resistance in people with T2D.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Anna Thors o Larsen, Simone A. Melander, Nina Sonne, Emma Bredtoft, Mays Al-Rubai, Morten A. Karsdal, Kim Henriksen
Summary: Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRAs) have shown significant effects on weight loss and improvement in glucose control and insulin action in rats. However, it is still unclear to what extent DACRAs affect insulin sensitivity beyond weight loss and their impact on tissue-specific glucose uptake.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomomi Minemura, Atsunori Fukuhara, Michio Otsuki, Iichiro Shimomura
Summary: The study reveals that LDHA regulates Glut1 expression and basal glucose uptake in adipocytes. Knockout or inhibition of LDHA leads to decreased Glut1 protein levels and reduced glucose uptake.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Malgorzata Malodobra-Mazur, Aneta Cierzniak, Martyna Ryba, Tomasz Sozanski, Narcyz Piorecki, Alicja Z. Kucharska
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of Cornus mas L. extract on insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. The results showed that the extract increased glucose uptake and insulin signaling gene expression, thus having a positive effect on cell metabolism.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Harunobu Nishizaki, Osamu Matsuoka, Tomoya Kagawa, Akihiro Kobayashi, Masanori Watanabe, Yusuke Moritoh
Summary: SCO-267, as a full agonist of GPR40, regulates the secretion of islet and gut hormones, demonstrating safety and good tolerability in healthy adults and patients with diabetes. It shows potential as an attractive drug candidate for diabetes treatment, with robust therapeutic effects on hormonal secretion and glycemic control.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kyung Dong Lee, Soundharrajan Ilavenil, Muthusamy Karnan, Chul-Ju Yang, Dahye Kim, Ki Choon Choi
Summary: This study investigates the role of cell-free metabolites from Bacillus ginsengihumi-RO6 in adipogenesis and lipogenesis, suggesting a potential novel probiotic for treating obesity and metabolic disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lipeng Ren, Jeremie Charbord, Lianhe Chu, Aurino M. Kemas, Maria Bertuzzi, Jiarui Mi, Chen Xing, Volker M. Lauschke, Olov Andersson
Summary: Adjudin promotes functional maturation of immature islets, improves function of dysfunctional islets, stimulates glucose uptake in the liver, and improves glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Clair Crewe, Shiuhwei Chen, Dawei Bu, Christy M. Gliniak, Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm, Xin Xin Yu, Nolwenn Joffin, Camila O. de Souza, Jan-Bernd Funcke, Da Young Oh, Oleg Varlamov, Jacob J. Robino, Ruth Gordillo, Philipp E. Scherer
Summary: Caveolin-1 (cav1) is a crucial component of plasma membrane invaginations called caveolae and has important roles in adipocyte function. Ablation of cav1 in adipocytes leads to improved glucose clearance, reduced insulin secretion and activation of AKT in metabolic tissues, partial lipodystrophy, and metabolic abnormalities. This phenotype is partly mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by adipose tissue, which propagate the effects to other organs. Loss of cav1 also leads to inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulated lipid metabolism in adipose tissue.
Article
Cell Biology
Suray Pehlivanoglu, Ozge Burcu Sahan, Sebnem Pehlivanoglu, Kadriye Aktas Kont
Summary: TWIST1 plays a role in promoting glucose uptake independently of insulin by upregulating the transcriptional expression levels of GLUT-1, -3, and -12 genes. However, TWIST1 does not significantly affect the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake pathway. Cells overexpressing TWIST1 show increased glucose transport activities when stimulated by fetal bovine serum, indicating a potential metabolic marker in cancer. Further research is needed to clarify the precise molecular mechanisms controlling glucose uptake and consumption during tumorigenesis.
IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jimin Hyun, Mi Hyeon Park, Yo Han Lee, Youngeun Lee, Su Ji Jeong, Sun Sil Choi, Keon Woo Khim, Hye Jin Eom, Jin-Hoe Hur, Chan Young Park, Jae-Ick Kim, Jiyoung Park, Hyung Won Ryu, Hyun-Jun Jang, Sei-Ryang Oh, Jang Hyun Choi
Summary: In this study, it was found that the methanolic extract of Vernicia fordii leaves (VF5) exerted significant insulin secretagogue function, enhancing mitochondrial respiration and insulin homeostasis. VF5 protected beta-cells, reduced beta-cell expansion caused by metabolic stress, and exhibited anti-diabetic effects in HFD-fed mice.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hee-Hoon Kim, Young-Ri Shim, Ha Neul Kim, Keungmo Yang, Tom Ryu, Kyurae Kim, Sung Eun Choi, Min Jeong Kim, Chaerin Woo, Katherine Po Sin Chung, Song Hwa Hong, Hyemi Shin, Jae Myoung Suh, Youngae Jung, Geum-Sook Hwang, Won Kim, Seok-Hwan Kim, Hyuk Soo Eun, Je Kyung Seong, Won-Il Jeong
Summary: Obesity-induced hypoxic stress in white adipose tissue leads to inflammation and interferon-y (IFN-y) production by natural killer (NK) cells. This study reveals that hypoxia promotes glutamate excretion and CXCL12 expression in white adipocytes, recruiting CXCR4+ NK cells. The spatial proximity between adipocytes and NK cells induces IFN-y production by stimulating metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), which triggers inflammatory activation of macrophages and increases xCT and CXCL12 expression in adipocytes. Inhibition of xCT, mGluR5, or IFN-y receptor in adipocytes or NK cells alleviates obesity-related metabolic disorders in mice and elevated glutamate/mGluR5 and CXCL12/CXCR4 levels are observed in obese patients, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kiko Hasegawa, Nobuyuki Takenaka, Kenya Tanida, Man Piu Chan, Mizuki Sakata, Atsu Aiba, Takaya Satoh
Summary: Rac1 is involved in insulin-dependent glucose uptake and lipogenesis in white adipocytes, and its deficiency may result in reduced insulin responsiveness and atrophy of white adipose tissues.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Bo-Yang Hsu, Chia-Hui Chen, Ting-Jang Lu, Min-Hsiung Pan, Chi-Tang Ho, Lucy Sun Hwang, Wei-Lun Hung
Summary: The study investigated the hypoglycemic activities of American ginseng extraction residue (AmR) by fermentation with Ganoderma lucidum. Results showed that the total phenolic contents and beta-glucosidase activity of AmR increased significantly after fermentation. Fermented AmR (FAmR) exhibited insulin-like glucose-uptake-stimulatory effects, which were positively associated with the amount of deglycosylated minor ginsenosides Rg1, Rg3, and compound K. This suggests that bioconversion of AmR by fermentation with G. lucidum may be a feasible approach for managing diabetes and reducing ginseng waste.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Liu Yang, Xian-Tao Lei, Qi Huang, Ting Wang, Hong-Bin Sun, He-Yao Wang
Summary: The study revealed that LXT34, a potent and selective GPR120 agonist, significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, while reducing inflammation in the liver and adipose tissues of db/db mice.
